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Tytuł:
Brinkmanship in the Persian Gulf. What Drove American and Iranian Policy in the Summer of 2019?
Autorzy:
Chatterjee, Kingshuk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2092234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Middle Eastern
Opis:
This essay purports to look at the anatomy of the almost-crisis in the Persian Gulf in the summer of 2019. It aims at identifying the role played by domestic and external factors behind the policies espoused by the two principal actors in the drama - USA and Iran. It assesses the strategic dynamics of the Persian Gulf region at present and situates US decision to pull out of the deal in 2018 which triggered the crisis. The essay then goes on to situate the brinkmanship on either side, factoring in domestic and foreign policy considerations of the principal players. The essay veers towards policy alternatives present before the principal players and their attendant problems within the matrices of the structural dynamics of the region as well as those of domestic policy.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2019, 55, 2; 25-42
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo wschodniej granicy Polski wobec aktualnych wyzwań i zagrożeń
Autorzy:
Zyguła, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-31
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
security
border protection
eastern flank
Polish eastern border
Opis:
In recent years, the European security environment has been subjected to many tests. For the first time since the end of the Second World War, Europe is struggling with new, hitherto unknown threats and challenges in the area of security. Today’s security environment is increasingly volatile, complex and uncertain. At the same time, there is a deficit of its understanding, which results, among others, from its interdisciplinarity and multifaceted nature, as well as the penetration of many military factors and civilian, the development of new technologies, as well as globalization processes and their consequences. An additional factor intensifying the perception of changes in the security environment is the reduction of time spent on analyzing and understanding the changes taking place, as well as planning and implementing adequate solutions. In this context, the situation on NATO’s eastern flank is becoming one of the key issues to ensure the security of this part of Europe. Due to its international obligations resulting from its accession to the EU and the Schengen Agreement, Poland has assumed the obligation to ensure the security and inviolability of the Polish eastern border, which is integral with the external border of the European Union and NATO. Actions and efforts in the field of security, however, depend not only on the defense system of a given country, but on many factors, including geopolitical, historical and military conditions. The events of the last two years in its immediate vicinity are also significant for Poland’s security, including the crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the war in Ukraine. The main purpose of these considerations is to try to find an answer to the question of how to ensure the security of the Polish eastern border in the current security environment.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 10, 2; 331-344
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Cooperation within the NATO Framework for Security in Central‑Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Jagusiak, Bogusław
Niedbała, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
Central‑Eastern Europe
international security
eastern flank of NATO
Opis:
Europe is sometimes called the “Old Continent” or the “Old World.” And even if it is now one of the most peaceful political and military regions of the world, it is an area of extremely intense discussions, considerations, plans and activities related to the security of the whole of Europe. The geopolitical location of Central‑Eastern Europe at the interface of the Russian Federation and NATO’s eastern flank causes a great deal of interest, especially within the Western Civilization. It is an area of uncertainty and, despite many other threats, when we talk about threats, Europe’s eyes are turned east.
Źródło:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 9-20
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Partnerstwo Wschodnie Unii Europejskiej w dobie wstrząsów i przemian Europy Wschodniej
The Eastern Partnership of the European Union in the Period of Turmoil and Transformations in Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558159.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union,
Eastern Partnership,
Eastern Europe,
Ukraine,
Ukraine’s Crisis
Opis:
Eastern Europe (especially Ukraine) struggles with a significant number of problems, both internal and external in character. Euromaidan in Ukraine complicated the situation of the country even further. Some researchers believe the aftermath of Euromaidan sent the strongest shockwave since the fall of the USSR. In addition, the conflict results in geopolitical changes in Eastern Europe, but also infl uences conditions the European Union’s eastern policy is implemented in. The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is quite frequently considered an ineffi cient policy. Some go as far as to claim it has lost its raison d’etre. Observations claiming a decline of the EaP project are also made. Is it really true that the EaP project has failed to meet its objectives? The present paper constitutes a general review of the situation the European Union’s Eastern Partnership countries are in with regards to the armed conflict in Ukraine (the so-called Ukrainian crisis). The paper attempts to offers answers to the following questions: Will the EU be able to consider the position of EaP states in such a predicament? Will Poland, supported by the countries of the Visegrad Group (the V4), be able to convince EU member states to become actively involved in the matters of the East? Will Russia’s actions towards EaP states prevent the objectives from being reached?
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 3; 183-193
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lewis Namier, the Curzon Line, and the shaping of Poland’s eastern frontier after World War I
Autorzy:
Rusin, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Polish eastern border
“Curzon line”
Paris Peace Conference
Eastern Galicia
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to clarify the role of Lewis Namier, a Foreign Office expert on Polish affairs, and his contribution to the drawing of the “Curzon Line” – the Polish‑Ukrainian border in Eastern Galicia after World War I. Namier was of Polish‑Jewish descent, and he has gone down in Polish historiography as a man of rabidly anti‑Polish inclination; during the war and later at the Versailles Peace Conference, he consistently opposed Poland’s expansion in eastern Europe, notably propagating the view that the whole of the territory known as Kresy – the Eastern Marchlands – should be severed from Poland. His concepts and activities were in tune with the general thrust of British policy towards Poland, though it seems that he was not the eminence grise in Lloyd George’s cabinet in this question, but merely a convenient supplier of anti‑Polish arguments. This analysis aims at proving that the great role attributed to Namier in Polish historiography is exaggerated and it was not he – as is commonly believed – who was the actual author of the Curzon Line, and it was not he who inserted it into the famous note sent from Spa to the Bolsheviks in July 1920.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2013, 48
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland’s Positions and Interests Concerning the Eastern Partnership
Польська позиція щодо східного партнерства
Autorzy:
Tyshchenko, Dmytro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Eastern Europe,
European Neighbourhood Policy,
Eastern Partnership,
Polish foreign policy,
Ukraine
Opis:
Poland’s Eastern policy is the result of the lack of a coherent concept, a return to the tradition of martyrdom and heroism, an ideologization in the form of missionarism and Prometheanism, and a confrontational attitudes towards Russia. The lack of a critical reflection over the chances for the normalization of relations with the largest country in the East is largely a result of ignoring our own national interest. The Polish political elites uncritically acquiesce to U.S. visions related to the encirclement and fragmentation of Russia. In this way, Poland becomes, at its own request, a hostage to foreign geostrategic concepts. Obstacles on the way to the normalization of Polish-Russian relations are subjective and objective. They find expression in each other’s attitudes, emotions and psychology, as well as the asymmetry of power and interests advanced by each party. Opportunities for the normalization of Polish-Russian relations should be sought in taking advantage of the mechanisms and experiences of Europeanization, i.e. Poland’s participation in the team play within the European Union. The condition for success is cooperative thinking, based on an accommodative strategy, and not a confrontational one, allowing for a re-evaluation of the negative ideological past to reach positive and pragmatic cooperation.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2014, 4; 71-77
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosja i Rosjanie w wierszach Mazurów
Russia and the Russians in the poems of people from Mazury region
Autorzy:
Chojnowski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Masurian poetry
Eastern Prussia
Opis:
XIX century Mazurian’s poetry likewise their poetry from the beginning of the XX century enclose motives ant themes connected with Russians and the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire itself and Russian as the nation were perceived by Mazury inhabitants throughout military and political primacy in the region. That attitude grows to the myths that had been formed by thepropaganda of Prussia Empire.Mazurian poetry supplied documentary evidence of the supremacy of Russian Empire in Eastern Prussia due to military conflicts (ex. „The Seven-Years War”, the Napoleonic wars, and also the I World War).Mazurian in their poetry established not only the stereotype of Russian and the Russia Empire as the aggressor but also their trepidation and deference in the same time were shown yet.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2006, 1, XI; 207-226
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Krystyna Jaworska, Massimo Maurizio, Roberto Merlo (a cura di), Il canto l’incanto il grido. Tre poetesse dell’Europa centro-orientale, con testi e traduzione a fronte, Stilo Editrice, Bari 2017, pp. 184
Autorzy:
Amenta, Alessandro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP)
Tematy:
Central-Eastern Europe
Poetry
Źródło:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi; 2018, 9; 226-229
2384-9266
Pojawia się w:
pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KATARZYNA JAGODZIŃSKA, CZAS MUZEÓW W EUROPIE ŚRODKOWEJ. MUZEA I CENTRA SZTUKI WSPÓŁCZESNEJ (1989–2014), KRAKÓW 2014
KATARZYNA JAGODZIŃSKA, THE TIME OF MUSEUMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE. MUSEUMS AND CONTEMPORARY ART CENTRES (1989 –2014), CRACOW 2014
Autorzy:
Andrzej, Zugaj,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/433548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
Tematy:
Eastern Europe
museums
modern art
The Time of Museums in Eastern Europe
Opis:
The value of Katarzyna Jagodzińska’s book is enhanced by the fact that there are still not enough such studies. She guides her readers through the theoretical discourse on museums in an accessible and knowledgeable way. She describes the presentation of contemporary/modern art in the former East-Bloc countries while introducing and describing their most important institutions. The value of this publication is unquestionable. It may be recommended without hesitation to people with various interests: museum professionals and museologists, art historians (in particular those dealing with contemporary art), architects, anyone interested in European art issues, the history and culture of the Visegrád Group as a whole or of each particular country forming it. It is also an excellent read for tourists planning their visits to Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia or those travelling in Poland; apart from the commonly-known monuments and museums already described in every guidebook, here one may find those places which are not so well-known but equally interesting.
Książka Katarzyny Jagodzińskiej jest pozycją ważną, między innymi dlatego, że tego typu opracowań bardzo brakuje. W kompetentny i przystępny sposób wprowadza czytelnika w teoretyczny dyskurs o muzeum, na jego tle przedstawia specyfikę prezentowania sztuki współczesnej/nowoczesnej w krajach zrzeszonych niegdyś w Bloku Wschodnim, a jednocześnie prezentuje i opisuje najważniejsze instytucje w tych krajach. Jest to publikacja bardzo użyteczna. Można ją bez wahania polecić odbiorcom o bardzo różnych zainteresowaniach: muzealnikom i muzeologom, historykom sztuki (szczególnie współczesnej), architektom, wszystkim zainteresowanym zagadnieniami sztuki europejskiej, historią i kulturą Grupy Wyszehradzkiej jako całości, jak również poszczególnych państw wchodzących w jej skład. To także świetne uzupełnienie dla turystów wybierających się na Węgry, do Czech, Słowacji, podróżujących po Polsce; oprócz zabytków i muzeów powszechnie znanych i opisywanych w każdym przewodniku, znaleźć tu można te mniej znane, a równie ciekawe.
Źródło:
Muzealnictwo; 2015, 56; 180-182
0464-1086
Pojawia się w:
Muzealnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ukraine Crisis and European Union’s Eastern Partnership Revisited
Autorzy:
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
European Neighbourhood Policy
Eastern Partnership
Eastern Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Russia-Ukraine conflict
Opis:
The objective of the present paper is an attempt at viewing the European Neighbourhood Policy, and especially the Eastern Partnership, from the EU’s standpoint and from the international perspective as well. The situation in the EU’s eastern neighbourhood (Russia-Ukraine war) drives EU decision-makers to focus merely on stabilisation and de facto stagnation. The decision-makers are not willing to undertake decisive actions towards a change in relations with the countries of Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus. The paper will also consider the following research questions: Will the lack of clear EU membership perspective (even a remote one) for countries such as Ukraine, Moldova, lead to the opportunity for a change of their situation to be forfeit? Will Russia-Ukraine conflict (and Russia-the West conflict in a broad sense) result in the EU being pushed out of the region and enable Russia to reintegrate the post-Soviet space? Was the recent 2015 Eastern Partnership Summit in Riga the beginning of the end of the policy? The paper does not attempt a comprehensive discussion of the issue, but constitutes an outline of particular problems which the EU and Eastern Partnership are faced with.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2016, 23, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
[Recenzja]: Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Christian East (second edition, revised and expan-ded), edited by Edward G. Farrugia S.J., Pontifical Oriental Institute (Pontificio Istituto Orientalne), Rome 20152, ss. XXXVIII + 2006 (mapy, tabele)
[Review]: Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Christian East (second edition, revised and expan-ded), edited by Edward G. Farrugia S.J., Pontifical Oriental Institute (Pontificio Istituto Orientalne), Rome 20152, ss. XXXVIII + 2006 (mapy, tabele)
Autorzy:
Prokop, Krzysztof R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Kościół katolicki
obrządek wschodni
Kościoły wschodnie
Catholic Church
eastern rite
Eastern Churches
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2018, 110; 487-498
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O meandrach identyfikacji średniowiecznych nazw wodnych na północno-wschodnim i wschodnim Mazowszu
About Meanders of Identification of Medieval River Names in the North-eastern and Eastern Mazovia Region
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk-Heyman, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/597855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
Tematy:
hydronimia
Mazowsze wschodnie
Mazowsze północno-wschodnie
hydronymy
Eastern Mazovia
North-eastern Mazovia
Opis:
In the paper, on the basis of several dozen examples of hydronyms from eastern and north-eastern Mazovia, the erroneous attribution of written sources and, as a consequence, their incorrect identification and location were shown. These kinds of mistakes can be found in toponymical, hydrographical and historical publications. It is the result of taking attestations from the context of the source, poor knowledge of the history and the geography of the studied area, as well as the poor knowledge of Latin and the lack of verification of hypotheses found in older literature.
Źródło:
Onomastica; 2019, 63; 127-144
0078-4648
Pojawia się w:
Onomastica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowy słownik języka krymskokaraimskiego Gulayhan Aqtay i Henryka Jankowskiego (2015) z dyskusją nad odrębnością tego języka w klasyfikacji języków w tle
The new Crimean Karaim dictionary of Gulayhan Aqtay and Henryk Jankowski (2015) and a discussion of the position of this language in the classification of Turkic languages
Autorzy:
Németh, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440374.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Związek Karaimów Polskich. Karaimska Oficyna Wydawnicza Bitik
Tematy:
Crimean (Eastern) Karaim
Karaim lexicography
the relation of Eastern and Western Karaim
Opis:
Artykuł zawiera szereg uwag o stanie leksykografii krymskokaraimskiej oraz o wydanym w 2015 roku słowniku A Crimean Karaim–English Dictionary autorstwa Gulayhan Aqtay i Henryka Jankowskiego. Artykuł uzupełniono o przyczynek do dyskusji nad odrębnością języka krymskokaraimskiego w klasyfikacji języków turkijskich.
This short article contains a number of general observations regarding the new Crimean Karaim–English dictionary authored by Aqtay and Jankowski (2015) and the state of Crimean Karaim lexicography, as well as a discussion of the position of Crimean Karaim in the classification of Turkic languages.
Artykuł zawiera szereg uwag o stanie leksykografii krymskokaraimskiej oraz o wydanym w 2015 roku słowniku A Crimean Karaim–English Dictionary autorstwa Gulayhan Aqtay i Henryka Jankowskiego. Artykuł uzupełniono o przyczynek do dyskusji nad odrębnością języka krymskokaraimskiego w klasyfikacji języków turkijskich.
Źródło:
Almanach Karaimski; 2015, 4; 7-17
2300-8164
Pojawia się w:
Almanach Karaimski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of the EU Soft Instruments in the Transformation of Eastern Neighbours. The Case of the Ukrainian Crisis
Efektywność miękkich instrumentów Unii Europejskiej w transformacji wschodniego sąsiedztwa. Przykład kryzysu na Ukrainie
Autorzy:
Piskorska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
the European Union
soft power
Ukraine
eastern neighbours
Eastern Partnership
crisis on Ukraine
Opis:
The subject of analysis is the assumption that the concept of soft power may be used as a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the EU influence on the less stable regions facing the spread of international conflicts. On the basis of current events and the high degree of instability in the region, it should be stated that such instruments are not efficient when it comes to Russia. In order to prove the above mentioned assumption, one needs to define the nature and specificity of the EU as soft power in the post-Westphalian international order. In the context of the use of such instruments, the analysis will also cover the manifestation of their implementation and efficiency in the EU policy towards Ukrainian crisis. Thus, it is essential to answer a few research questions. Firstly, what is the specificity of the EU in post-Westphalian international order? Secondly, what means does the EU have at its disposal and is it able to achieve its objectives and meet expectations which the international environment has towards it? Lastly, how can we assess the efficiency of the soft power instruments used by the Union in specific region of Eastern Europe, particularly during Ukrainian crisis?
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza instrumentów miękkiej siły UE wobec konfliktu na Ukrainie. Główne założenie brzmi: koncepcja miękkiej siły może być wykorzystana jako podstawa teoretyczna do interpretacji wpływu Unii Europejskiej na regiony mniej stabilne, szczególnie stojące w obliczu rozprzestrzeniania się konfliktów międzynarodowych. Na podstawie bieżących wydarzeń na Ukrainie i utrzymywania się wysokiego poziomu niestabilności w regionie trzeba jednak stwierdzić, że instrumenty te w stosunku do Rosji są nieefektywne. W celu udowodnienia wyżej wymienionego założenia należy zdefiniować istotę i specyfikę miękkiej siły Unii Europejskiej w postwestfalskim ładzie międzynarodowym. W kontekście stosowania tych instrumentów analiza obejmie też przejawy ich realizacji i efektywność w polityce UE wobec kryzysu na Ukrainie. Zasadnicza jest zatem odpowiedź na kilka pytań badawczych: po pierwsze, jaka jest specyfika Unii Europejskiej w postwestfalskim ładzie międzynarodowym? Po drugie, jakie instrumenty posiada Unia Europejska do swojej dyspozycji i czy jest zdolna za ich pomocą sprostać celom i oczekiwaniom stawianym wobec niej przez środowisko międzynarodowe? Wreszcie, jak możemy ocenić efektywność instrumentów soft power Unii Europejskiej stosowanych przez nią wobec specyficznego regionu Europy Wschodniej, szczególnie podczas kryzysu na Ukrainie?
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 48; 151-167
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intensification of menopausal symptoms among female inhabitants of East European countries
Autorzy:
Bojar, Iwona
Lyubinets, Oleh
Novotny, Jozef
Stanchak, Yaroslav
Tiszczenko, Evgenii
Owoc, Alfred
Raczkiewicz, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
menopause
menopausal symptoms
eastern europe
Opis:
The objective of the study was analysis of the occurrence and intensity of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women from Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. The study was conducted during the period 2014–2015 among postmenopausal women living in the areas of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The degree of menopausal complaints was assessed using the Kupperman Menopausal Index and Greene Climacteric Scale. The respondents were additionally asked about age, educational level, place of residence, marital status and age at last menstrual period. Into the study were enrolled women aged 50–65, minimum 2 years after the last menstrual period, who had a generally good state of health and did not use hormone replacement therapy. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The intensity of all menopausal symptoms measured by the Kupperman Menopausal Index and Greene Climacteric Scale was similar in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. In these countries, severe, moderate and mild menopausal symptoms measured by Kupperman Menopausal Index occurred with a similar frequency. Similar results were also obtained in the subscales of psychological, somatic and vasomotor symptoms according to the Greene Climacteric Scale. Nearly a half of the women from Belarus did not report symptoms measured by Kupperman Menopausal Index. They obtained significantly lower menopausal complaints in the subscales of psychological and somatic symptoms according to the Greene Climacteric Scale, compared to the inhabitants of the remaining countries. The majority of women from the Ukraine had mild menopausal symptoms as measured by the Kupperman Menopausal Index. They had significantly more severe complaints in the subscales of psychological, somatic and vasomotor symptoms according to the Greene Climacteric Scale, compared to the inhabitants of the remaining countries in the study. The intensity of menopausal symptoms in women from Ukraine and Belarus was related with educational level, place of residence, and marital status, whereas in women from Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, only with marital status.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2016, 23, 3
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1360

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