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Tytuł:
Średniowieczna i nowożytna ceramika naczyniowa z badań ratowniczych przeprowadzonych w Ujściu w 2008 roku
Pottery vessels from medieval and early modern period found during rescue excavation at Ujście in 2008
Autorzy:
Zamelska-Monczak, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1573285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
archeologia
Ujście
ceramika
wczesne średniowiecze
późne średniowiecze
ceramika nowożytna
archaeology
pottery
Early Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
early modern pottery vessels
Opis:
The article focuses on pottery vessels discovered during rescue excavation at Ujście, from layers of the former stronghold and city, dated to the period from the second half of the 10th century to the 16th century. The assemblage includes vessel fragments from early medieval period, partly formed as well as completely thrown on a potter’s wheel, and from the late medieval and early modern periods. This highly varied assemblage shows insight into pottery used by inhabitants of Ujście over several hundred years. The article, being only a preliminary analysis, also provides the impetus for the more detailed research on the pottery in the area located in the central River Noteć.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2020, 16; 135-190
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wczesnośredniowieczne grzebienie z Santoka
Early medieval combs from Santok
Autorzy:
Zamelska-Monczak, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
archeologia
gród
grzebienie
wczesne średniowiecze
Santok
archaeology
stronghold
combs
early Middle Ages
Opis:
Abstract: The collection of combs from the stronghold in Santok is a set which varies in stylistic and formal terms, including products dated from the first half of the 9th century to the 13th century. A detailed analysis of the set of combs enabled changes in comb production over several hundred years to be identified and, on the other hand, helped to examine cultural links and methods of contacts which the residents of Santok maintained during this period.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2015, 11; 45-92
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaleziska wczesnośredniowiecznych akcesoriów kupieckich z Santoka na tle porównawczym
Finds of early medieval trade accessories from Santok in the light of comparative studies
Autorzy:
Zamelska-Monczak, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Santok
early Middle Ages
weights
folded scales
trade
trader
Opis:
This article presents a collection of early medieval trade accessories, folded scales and weights excavated by archaeologists on site no. 1 in Santok (Lubusz province). The collection of weights is formally and chronologically diverse. The oldest specimens come from structures dated back to the 4th quarter of the 9th century, the youngest to the 14th century. Metallographic analyses indicate that to produce the scales and weights, alloys of copper, different types of bronze and brass were used. The fact that exchange of goods in Santok took place earlier than in the other regions of Wielkopolska is evidence of close contacts with the then economic Baltic zone.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2019, 60; 277-302
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W poszukiwaniu dźwięków przeszłości. Zagadkowy przedmiot z Ostrowa Lednickiego
In the search for the sounds of the past. A mysterious object from Ostrów Lednicki
Autorzy:
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
Ostrów Lednicki
wczesne średniowiecze
drewniane instrumenty muzyczne
early Middle Ages
wooden musical instruments
Opis:
People devote almost all their life to ensure themselves and their family a proper standard of living. Their activities focus on acquiring food, organizing a safe living space and ensuring safety. However, if our activity was restricted only to the vital needs formulated in this way, it would not only be a far-reaching simplification but most of all a rejection of the greatest characteristics of a human being — their free will and their mind. These allow one to move to the spiritual realm, and search for social bonds without restricting oneself only to living functions. People need community integration not only through work, but also through entertainment, sensations and experiences, which result from various experiences in life from the moment of birth till death. In the 2nd half of the 10th century the land under the Piast reign was entering the Latin civilization circle. Western cultural trends started to permeate the local traditions. New settlements and cultural centres were developing and the existing ones were being remodeled. The residences of secular and church authorities came to be an indispensable and representative facility in new central places. One of the most important gord centres located in the centre of the Piast rulership is the area of Lednica lake. On the biggest island of the lake — Ostrów Lednicki — in the 1st half of 10th century a gord was established, around which a local settlement centred for several centuries. Just on Lednica gord a complex of residential-sacral buildings was created. For over 150 years research has been conducted on the island — both archaeological and the broadly understood interdisciplinary research connected with it. A gord, an open settlement on the island, settlements and burial grounds on the shores of the lake, as well as the waters of the lake were included in the study. One of the research places included the eastern shore of Lednica island, where at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s constructions and layerings connected with the abutment of the east bridge were uncovered (fi g. 1). This research, carried out by Mateusz Łastowiecki in excavation I/87, brought valuable information concerning the construction of the bridge, a point of contact between the bridge and the island, the character of the layerings, and a significant number of monuments, among which the objects made of organic raw material constituted a significant part. A tiny wooden object was one of them (inv. no. 103/91 – MPP/A/158). Unfortunately it was preserved fragmentarily (fi g. 2). It was made of foliaceous wood — beech (European beech Fagus sylvatica L) — and it has a clearly legible and neat form. It resembles a heart in shape (preserved roughly in half) with three holes — two wholly retained and one partially (fi g. 3). A straight broken back-end goes from the wider part of the “heart”. If we look at the object along its longer axis, it can be noticed that the holes do not align — vertically they mark three separate lines. The total length of the preserved piece is 11.6 cm, while the width in the widest place is 3.9 cm. The diameter of the holes, which were drilled slightly aslope with respect to the flat surface of an object, is around 0.6 cm. The “subcordate” part is 8.2 cm long and 0.8 cm thick. In the side plane of the object the “subcordate” part moves at a slight angle to the longitudinal one. There is a slight perpendicular protrusion, a convex — a kind of a threshold — at the point of contact of the two parts. Two transversal cuts around 0.8 cm away from one another are visible at this threshold. At the bottom ultimate longitudinal part, a clear perpendicular cut which creates a shallow (2 millimeter) step which goes to the edge of the fracture is visible (fi g. 5). At the upper part of the described piece, two small symmetrically placed indentations are distinguishable. The object was found in the excavation marked I/87, in quarter B, in the layer IIIa3. On the basis of the cultural material which appeared in the exposed layers and taking into consideration the dates of dendrochronological analysis, the chronology of the IIIa–d layers (in which the described object was found) can be dated to the 2nd–3rd quarter of the 11th century. The described piece of a distinctively formed object certainly comes from the damaged musical instrument. The broken piece is a peghead plate with a short neck. As already mentioned, it can come from a rebec — a stringed musical instrument. The origins of the rebec can be ambiguous. It is rooted in the Middle East, and it reached Europe through the Arabs. The name of the instrument derives from Arabic, in which it is known as rababu. It appears in a similar form from at least the 10th century, and the period between the 10th and 14th centuries is the time of its greatest splendour. Bowed string instruments — rebecs and vielles — were depicted in medieval iconography. On the basis of these sources, a classification of the instrument is possible. It shows that several kinds of these instruments were built in the Middle Ages (fi g. 6, 7). Pieces of diverse objects which are found during archaeological excavations, very often create a lot of problems during the identification of their original appearance and the reconstruction of the intended use of a particular piece. The above-mentioned team made an attempt to identify a piece of the find from Lednica. The initial examination, discussion over the details of the construction and the foregoing experience directed our search towards musical instruments — chordophones — i.e. wooden stringed instruments. The medieval iconography does not facilitate the identification. Information about the use of chordophones by the Slavs already comes from the end of the 6th century. According to the message of the Byzantine writer Theophylact Simocatta, in 591 soldiers from a personal unit of the emperor Maurice (Maurikios) captured three unarmed Slavs, who had come from the Baltic Sea (Sclaveni from the West Ocean). At the moment of their capture they were unarmed, but they were carrying musical instruments — kitharas. It is believed that this is the oldest written source which confirms that Slavs were familiar with musical practices, and the instruments described in it were κιθάραι (kitharas) and λύραι (lyres). It is thought that these names can refer to the plucked string instruments with a corpus-soundbox, to which the Proto-Slavic name gusles can refer. The oldest Cyril-Methodius’ Bible translation speaks in favour of equating the name κιθάραι with Slavic gusles. Interestingly, we can read twice about stringed instruments in Gallus Anonymus, who describes the reign of the first Piast rulers. So far, less than ten wooden chordophones from archaeological research in the area of the Piast reign, from the 10th–15thc., have been known. Lyres, vielles, a nyckelharpa and a gittern have been identified among those. Two wooden lyres come from the 10th–11th century cultural layerings of a gord in Opole. Another lyre, which comes from the 2nd half of the 13th century, was found during archaeological research in a fishing village in Gdańsk. A piece of a wooden outer board of an instrument — probably of a nyckelharpa — from Wolin, can be dated to the 3rd quarter of the 13th century. A gittern of a small size comes from the layerings of the 15th century Elbląg, whereas two other instruments classified as vielles were obtained in the course of archaeological research. One of them comes from 14th century Elbląg, the other one, dated to the 16th century, was found during excavation works in Płock. The greatest number of wooden instruments — from the areas which were in the closest vicinity to the Piast reign — was found on the territory of Ruthenia, especially in Veliky Novgorod. The shape of an object found at Ostrów Lednicki and its detailed examination supported by the material from excavation works permitted the suggestion that this is a part of a wooden stringed instrument. It could probably be a peghead headstock of a rebec’s neck, an instrument where the strings were rubbed with the bow. The reconstructed instrument from Lednica was built from two pieces of wood. The headstock plate, the neck and the corpus were made from one piece, and the soundbox, which was cut into the corpus, was covered with an outer board. During the reconstruction of the complete, probable original look of the instrument, several small but legible signals, visible on the described piece, were taken into consideration. The state of preservation fostered the moderately correct reconstruction of the upper part of the instrument. The fracture of the neck appeared just at the horizontal axis of an object, while the partially preserved upper part of a headstock allowed one to line out a line which gave it a full shape. A very small part of a neck survived, but it was long enough to adjust the proportions. Fortunately, the presence of a small transverse cut suggested the point of the fixing and glueing of the outer board. At the point of transition from a headstock into the neck there are traces which allow one to conclude where a fixing for hanging (?) an instrument was placed. Two holes and a fragment of a third one preserved in the subcordate part formed a basis for drawing conclusions about the number of strings and the arrangement of the string pegs. The traces of the cuts on a small transverse bump-fret (a nut) constituted a clue concerning the number of strings and their distance over the neck. The angle created by the headstock and the preserved piece of the neck, as well as the location of a fret, allowed one to roughly work the further part of an instrument out. A subtle but legible indentation at the neck, marked the fixing point of the outer board of a corpus. The reconstructed instrument was equipped with a flat bridge, and strings from sheep intestines were prepared. The rebec reached 46 cm in length, and at the widest point it was 10 cm wide. A bow (length of 67 cm) was made from willow switch, whereas the string from horsehair. What is the significance of the small piece of a wooden object — found during research at the Lednica bridge abutment — for the inhabitants of Lednica? Who was it for and what was its role? We will probably never find this out. However, as a result of the research and discussions we can state that this is a piece of a peghead of a wooden stringed instrument. It could be a part of a gusle (as generally understood, stringed instruments), maybe of a rebec, possibly of a gudok. The name of the find is certainly significant for musicologists, historians who focus on musical instruments, or music theorists; however, for those who conduct research at Ostrów Lednicki and study the gord which was established there, the identification of an instrument itself is the most relevant. It is important that we can say that at the time when the gord with sacred places was functioning at Ostrów Lednicki, there were musicians who were playing not only liturgical music but certainly secular music too.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2019, 18; 151-178
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kto się nie leni, zrobi złoto z kamieni – osełki w grobach wczesnego średniowiecza
Kto się nie leni, zrobi złoto z kamieni77 – whetstones in early medieval graves
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, Anna
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
wczesne średniowiecze
cmentarzysko
osełki
wyposażenie grobowe
Dziekanowice
Early Middle Ages
cemetery
whetstones
grave goods
Opis:
1Since the dawn of history humans have been interested in using stones for a variety of purposes. The use of rocks and stones as shelters, building material or resource for the production of tools or weapons is a cultural phenomenon. One of the categories of stone objects recorded in graves at early medieval cemeteries includes whetstones. The present study is devoted to whetstones registered in graves at the cemetery at Dziekanowice, site 22 (gmina Łubowo, województwo wielkopolskie). This early medieval necropolis is located on the east shore of Lake Lednica in the direct vicinity of one of the major stronghold centres of the Piast dynasty. The stronghold itself is situated on Ostrów – an island on Lake Lednica. Out of 1585 skeletal graves recorded in situ at the studied cemetery, 847 (53.4%) burials contained altogether 1868 objects considered as grave deposits. In the group of those artifacts were 28 whetstones found in 27 graves (one grave contained 2 whetstones), which account for 3.2 percent of the total number of burials with equipment. In addition, 7 whetstones were recorded loosely at the border between layer I and II (they were damaged by ploughing), and in settlement features; however, these objects are not included in the study. The majority of graves with whetstones unearthed at the cemetery at Dziekanowice were male burials. As many as 21 graves belonged to men, 5 to women and only one to a child. Previous research and publications on cemeteries do not facilitate an ambiguous interpretation of the function of whetstones recorded in graves, although utilitarian character of these objects is unquestionable. It can also be asserted that whetstones were buried more often in male graves, and most often in adult graves. They occurred both in “richer” burials and in those characterized by modest equipment. The new light on the function of some whetstones has been shed by the results of analyses carried out by Martin Ježek from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. His recent spectral analysis of whetstone surfaces has allowed the hypothesis that whetstones (particularly phyllite ones) may have been used as touchstones. The analysis based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS method) revealed residues of metals on the surface of the examined objects. The microanalysis has proven the existence of micro-traces of metals such as gold, silver, tin and copper. In sum, the hypothesis about a special function of the whetstones cannot be excluded. This may apply particularly to the objects with scant traces of polishing, in contrast to whetstones with strongly polished and characteristic concave surfaces resulting from frequent sharpening. The whetstones with scant traces of polishing may have been used not only as sharpening tools, but also (and maybe primarily) as items against which a precious metal was rubbed in order to check its value and the quality of alloy. Identifying the function of whetstones as touchstones creates new possibilities for discussing the problems associated with social stratification and with distinguishing between “richer” and “poorer” graves. A whetstone-touchstone found in a grave gives its owner a different rank in the society than we previously assumed interpreting the object only as a sharpening tool. Undoubtedly, the analysis of social stratification should involve by far more elements than is widely regarded as vital. In addition, whetstones-touchstones may also become important objects for the analysis of trading places and exchange in the Early Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2014, 60; 197-223
0065-0986
2451-0300
Pojawia się w:
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zawieszki dzwoneczkowate z cmentarzyska w Dziekanowicach i z Ostrowa Lednickiego
Bell-shaped pendants from the cemetery in Dziekanowice and from Ostrów Lednicki
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, Anna
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
wczesne średniowiecze
zawieszki dzwoneczkowate
Ostrów Lednicki
monarchia wczesnopiastowska
early Middle Ages
bell-shaped pendants
early Piast monarchy
Opis:
One of important centres of the early Piast monarchy was stronghold on Ostrów Lednicki. In its vicinity was located the cemetery known as Dziekanowice, site 22. From excavations on this necropolis come five bronze bell-shaped pendants. Three of them were discovered in graves. Items of this kind occur in the north-western Slavs territory in the period from the 8th to the 13th century. In the course of previous discussion explanation of their origins and function failed.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2016, 12; 363-380
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczyny pojawienia się wizerunku Chrystusa w mennictwie cesarza Justyniana II (pan. 685–695, 705–711)
Reasons for the appearance of the image of Christ in the coinage of emperor Justinian II (reign 685–695, 705–711)
Autorzy:
Wojcieszak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31043241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Bernardinum
Tematy:
abd al-Malik
Justynian II
mennictwo bizantyńskie
sobór trullański (synod quinisextum)
wczesne średniowiecze
wizerunek Chrystusa
Abd al-Malik
Byzantine coinage
early Middle Ages
image of Christ
Justinian II
Trullan Council
Quinisext Council
Opis:
W artykule zająłem się omówieniem przyczyn, dla których Justynian II (pan. 685–695, 705–711) rozpoczął wybijanie monet z wizerunkiem Chrystusa. Było to wydarzenie dość znaczące w ikonografi i mennictwa bizantyńskiego, ponieważ o ile monety ze znakami chrześcijańskimi pojawiały się już od czasów Konstantyna Wielkiego, o tyle po raz pierwszy popiersie Chrystusa na wybijanych monetach pojawiło się ok. 691/692 roku. Przyczyny, które analizuję, związane są z: 1. Wsparciem soboru trullańskiego (lub inaczej: synodu quinisextum) oraz uchwalonym na nim kanonem 82, nakazującym przedstawiać Chrystusa jako człowieka; 2. Ekspansją arabską abd al-Malika oraz sprowokowaniem go do wojny poprzez odrzucenie trybutu płatnego w innych monetach niż tych z wizerunkiem cesarza i Chrystusa (w islamie wszelkie wizerunki ludzkie były zakazane); 3. Legitymizacją władzy cesarskiej, szczególnie w drugim okresie panowania Justyniana II. Temat, który podjąłem, jest jednocześnie zachętą do dyskusji naukowej związanej ze wczesnośredniowiecznym mennictwem bizantyńskim.
In the article I discussed the reasons why Justinian II began minting coins with the image of Christ. It was quite a significant event in the iconography of Byzantine coinage. While coins with the Christian symbols appeared from the time of Constantine the Great, the bust of Christ appeared on minted coins for the first time around 691/692. The reasons that I am analyzing are related to: 1. the support of the Trullan Council (or in other words: the quinisextum synod) and the canon 82., ordering to present Christ as a man; 2. Abd al-Malik’s Arab expansion and provoking him to war by rejecting tribute payable in coins other than those with the image of the emperor and Christ (in Islam all human images were forbidden); 3. the legitimacy of imperial power, especially in the second period of Justinian II’s reign. The topic I have undertaken is also an encouragement to a scientific discussion related to the early medieval Byzantine coinage.
Źródło:
Studia Pelplińskie; 2023, 57; 349-361
0239-4456
Pojawia się w:
Studia Pelplińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W zdrowiu i w chorobie. Zalecenia dietetyczne w wybranych średniowiecznych traktatach medycznych z Salerno (XI-XIII w.)
In health and in sickness. Dietary recommendations in selected medieval medical treatises from Salerno (11th-13th centuries)
Autorzy:
Wojciechowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
dieta
żywność
lekarstwa
traktaty medyczne
wczesne średniowiecze
diet
food
medicine
medical treatises
early Middle Ages
Opis:
Troska o zdrowie, eliminowanie cierpienia oraz chorób w wymiarze fizycznym i duchowym była przedmiotem refleksji teoretycznej od czasów antycznych. Średniowieczne traktaty medyczne, powstałe w szkole medycznej w Salerno, szczegółowo zajmowały się substancjami pokarmowymi, klasyfikując je jako pożywienie oraz skuteczne lekarstwa na wiele schorzeń. Dieta była uważana za integralną część ogólnego, dobrego samopoczucia człowieka. Żywność i napoje pełniły funkcje odżywcze, profilaktyczne oraz lecznicze. Zalecenia dotyczące diety wynikały z ukształtowanej wiedzy, obserwacji, doświadczenia i były uzasadniane przez reguły patologii humoralnej. Oparte były o zasadę równowagi, umiarkowania i indywidualnego podejścia do człowieka.
The concern for health, the elimination of suffering and illness in the physical and spiritual dimension has been the subject of theoretical reflection since antiquity. Medieval medical treatises, written at the Salerno medical school, dealt in detail with food substances, classifying them as nourishment and effective remedies for many conditions. Diet was considered an integral part of a person's overall wellbeing. Food and drink had nutritional, preventive, and healing functions. Dietary recommendations were based on formed knowledge, observation, experience and were justified by the rules of humoral pathology. They were based on the principles of balance, moderation, and an individual approach to a person.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2022, 29, 2; 5-16
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syntheses in the Academic Output of Maria Bogucka
Autorzy:
Wijaczka, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28703581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Maria Bogucka
history of Poland
history of the Netherlands
the Middle Ages
early modern times
history of Polish culture
cities and burghers in the 16th–18th centuries
scientific criticism
Opis:
Maria Bogucka was the author of several synthetic studies, which included topics such as the history of Poland until 1864, the history of the Netherlands, the history of Polish towns and the burgher classes in the early modern era, as well as the history of Polish culture up until 1989. This article discusses these particular syntheses; and the critical assessments they gave rise to following their publication.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2023, 127; 17-36
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych
Medieval lead discs from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica in the light of traseological studies. The potential of using microscopic studies for functional analysis of metal relics
Autorzy:
Wielgus-Wawrzyniak, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:
analiza traseologiczna
krążki ołowiane
wczesne średniowiecze
Ostrów Lednicki
odważniki
przęśliki
ciężarki
paciorki
oprawki
traseological analysis
lead discs
early Middle Ages
scales weights
spinners
weights
beads
holders
Opis:
W trakcie badań prowadzonych na stanowiskach wczesnośredniowiecznych odkrywane są tzw. krążki ołowiane z otworami. Określenie funkcji tych przedmiotów sprawia wiele trudności. Jedni uznają je za odważniki, inni za ciężarki. Zaprezentowane w artykule mikroskopowe analizy traseologiczne 20 krążków ołowianych i 2 przęślików glinianych pochodzących ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg śladów powstałych w trakcie ich użytkowania. Zestawiając te informacje z innymi cechami metrycznymi w analizowanym zbiorze krążków wydzielono cztery kategorie funkcyjne: przęśliki, ciężarki, paciorki i oprawki.
In the course of research conducted at early medieval sites, the so-called lead discs with holes were discovered. Determining the function of these objects poses many difficulties. Some recognize them as scales weights, others as weights. The microscopictraseological analyses of 20 lead discs and 2 clay spinners from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica, presented in this article, allowed us to identify a number of traces created during their use. Juxtaposing this information with other metric features in the analysed collection of discs, four functional categories were separated: spinners, weights, beads and holders.
Źródło:
Studia Lednickie; 2023, XXII; 97-189
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:
Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka refleksji na temat prób rekonstrukcji wierzeń mieszkańców ziem polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu
Some Reflections on the Attempts to Reconstruct the Beliefs of the Inhabitants of the Polish Lands in the Early Middle Ages
Autorzy:
WAWRZENIUK, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047410.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-13
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
pogaństwo słowiańskie, mitologia słowiańska, wczesnośredniowieczne wierzenia, obrzędy magiczne we wczesnym średniowieczu, wczesnośredniowieczne amulety, chrystianizacja Polski
Slavic paganism, Slavic mythology, early medieval beliefs, magical rites in the early Middle Ages, early medieval amulets, Christianization of Poland
Opis:
Mimo wysiłków badaczy reprezentujących liczne dyscypliny wierzenia mieszkańców ziem polskich przed przyjęciem chrześcijaństwa w dalszym ciągu nie zostały do końca poznane. Barierą nie do pokonania jest brak rodzimych źródeł pisanych, a te którymi dysponujemy, dotyczą tylko nielicznych aspektów pogaństwa słowiańskiego, głównie Połabia i Rusi. Źródła późniejsze z kolei ganią kult bóstw domowych oraz noszenie amuletów i opisują obrzędy magiczne. Niewielką też pomocą mogą służyć dane lingwistyczne, nieco więcej informacji dostarczają wyniki badań archeologicznych. Jednym z naczelnych bogów pogańskich Słowian był bóg pioruna będący personifikacją ognia niebiańskiego. Potwierdzono archeologicznie, że kult ten sprawowany był w świątyniach (na przykład na Wolinie i we Wrocławiu) i w halach kultowych (w Lubomi i w Chodliku). Ogień czczono również jako boga słońca, a pod ziemską postacią – jako ognisko domowe. Kronikarze średniowieczni wspominali o kulcie natury, której elementy mogły pełnić również rolę sanktuariów. Otaczano kultem szczyty gór i mniejszych wzniesień, na których konstruowano rowy i wały (przykładami mogą być: Góra Ślęża, Łysa Góra, Góra Lecha w Gnieźnie, Radzikowo na Mazowszu, Mołoczki na Podlasiu i Rowokół), symboliczne pierwsze grody, które budowano na wzniesieniach (np. w Haćkach), gaje (np. w Kleczanowie), pojedyncze drzewa czy wody, w których deponowano różne przedmioty (np. w Jeziorze Żarnowieckim) oraz związane z nimi plaże i wyspy kultowe (na Ostrowiu Lednickim i Jeziorze Zarańskim). Także kamienie, szczególnie duże okazy, otaczano specjalnymi względami, czego potwierdzeniem wydają się liczne późniejsze (co prawda) zapiski etnograficzne. Dużą rolę w wierzeniach mieszkańców ziem polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu odgrywały demony domowe, przeznaczenia lub rodu oraz duchy przodków, którym składano ofiary w obrębie domostwa i dbano o ich wygodę. Potwierdzają to również badania archeologiczne. Cennych informacji o wierzeniach przedchrześcijańskich dostarczają analizy grobów i cmentarzysk ciałopalnych, a także szkieletowych, ich konstrukcje i dary składane zmarłym przez żyjących krewnych. O dokonywaniu obrzędów na cmentarzach informują znajdywane tam pozostałości ognisk czy fragmenty naczyń glinianych, a także liczne kości zwierzęce. We wczesnym średniowieczu chętnie noszono amulety wykonywane przede wszystkim z roślin, kości i kłów zwierząt, a także z innych surowców o odpowiednio dobranym kształcie. Amuletem mógł być zresztą każdy odpowiednio przystosowany przedmiot. Analizując postępy chrystianizacji w tym okresie, niektórzy badacze uważają, że w świadomości większości mieszkańców ziem polskich ukształtował się system magiczno-wierzeniowy będący połączeniem starej pogańskiej tradycji obejmującej mity o niebie, słońcu, księżycu, gwiazdach, piorunach czy demonach z religią chrześcijańską.
The beliefs of the inhabitants of the Polish lands before the Christianization have not been scrutinized yet despite the efforts of researchers representing various disciplines. A major obstacle in the research is the lack of written native sources, while those which are available relate to only a small number of issues of Slavic paganism in the Polabian Slavs’ and Kievan Rus’ territories. Later sources include criticism of the worship of household gods by the Slavs; the authors criticize their habits of amulet wearing and describe their magical rites. While the linguistic data available is not of help to the researchers, archaeological research provides more information. Among the main gods worshipped by pagan Slavs was the thunder-god, which personified heavenly fire. Archaeologists have confirmed that the cult of the thunder-god was held in temples (e.g. in Wolin and in Wrocław) and in special cult halls (e.g. in Lubomia and in Chodlik). Fire was also worshipped as the god of the sun and, in its earthly shape, through the cult of the sacred fire place. Medieval chroniclers mention nature worship, and indeed natural phenomena also served as sacred places. Mountain tops and small hills on which trenches and shafts were constructed (e.g. on Mount Ślęża, on Mount Łysa Góra, on Mount Lech in Gniezno, in Radzikowo in Mazovia, in Mołoczki in Podlachia, and in Rowokół) were venerated. Other objects of veneration were the first ‘symbolic’ strongholds (in Haćki), groves (in Kleczanów), single trees, as well as ponds and lakes where artifacts were deposited (e.g. Lake Żarnowiec). Worship of beaches and of islands was also popular (e.g. in Ostrów Lednicki and in Lake Zarańskie). Later ethnographical evidence has demonstrated that stones, in particular large ones, were also worshiped. In the early Middle Ages inhabitants of the Polish lands believed in the existence of household, destination, lineage and ancestral demons: sacrifices were offered to them and their comfort was taken care of. These facts have also been confirmed by archaeological research. An important source of information on pre-Christian beliefs in the territories in question is provided by analyses of graves (of both cremation and inhumation types): of their construction as well as of the offerings for the dead made by their living kin. In the early Middle Ages amulets made predominantly from plants, bones and tusks of animals were frequently worn. Also other materials were used for making amulets, and special shapes were preferred. Actually, any object could serve as an amulet. While analyzing the progress of Christianization in the period in question, researchers have observed that the mentality of the inhabitants of the Polish lands was largely shaped by a magical-religious system of beliefs combining the old pagan tradition, with its myths about the sky, the sun, the moon, the stars, the thunders, and the demons, with the Christian religion.
Źródło:
Ethos; 2016, 29, 3 (115); 46-65
0860-8024
Pojawia się w:
Ethos
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nie wszystko „tarło” co ma zęby – w poszukiwaniu funkcji
Autorzy:
Waszczuk, Kamilla
Żychliński, Daniel
Pachulski, Piotr
Prawniczak, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Kuyavia
early Middle Ages
bone idiophone
Opis:
This article presents the research related to identifying the actual function of an object made of deer bones excavated in Kujawy, in the village of Brzezie (site 4). It was discovered in the remains of a partly dug building, most probably residential, dated back to the 12th – 13th centuries. Originally, the historic object in question was identified as an ancient percussion instrument. However, in the course of microscopic tests and experiments this interpretation was rejected. It was stated that the artefact could not have served to clean animals’ skins, either. Finally, in the course of research procedures, it was agreed that it was a tool for decorating clay vessels.
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2016, 57; 221-237
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grodzisko w Porębku, pow. Kętrzyn, stan. 3. wstępne wyniki badań wykopaliskowych
Grodzisko in Porębek, Kętrzyn district, site 3. Preliminary results of excavations
Autorzy:
Wadyl, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Grodzisko
wczesna epoka żelaza
wczesne średniowiecze
zakon krzyżacki
Hillfort
Early Iron Age
Early Middle Ages
Teutonic Order
Opis:
In 2017 excavations were started on the fortification in Porębek, Kętrzyn district, site 3. Two excavations were performed during the work along the NE-SW axis (Figure 3). Trench 1/2017 (measuring 10 x 5 m) was opened within the “upper castle” – it included the area from the top of the rampart located on the NW side of this area and part of the courtyard. Trench 2/2017 (measuring 10 x 3 m) was delineated within the “lower castle” – it encompassed the courtyard from its SE edge and was perpendicular to the ditch. A total area of 80 square meters was uncovered. The interesting remains of a 13th-century building of the two-part stronghold were discovered. The source materials suggest that this place was inhabited earlier – in the Early Iron Age and in the Early Middle Ages. The stratigraphy seems to indicate large scale construction work, during which time the terrain was com�pletely transformed. The discovery at the foot of the upper castle, in the Guber river valley, was extremely valuable.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2017, 298, 4; 725-732
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawozdanie z badań wykopaliskowych na grodzisku zwanym „Okrągła Góra” w Pasymiu, pow. Szczytno, stan. 1 w roku 2017
Report on archaeological excavations on the so-called “Round Mountain” in Pasym, Szczytno district, site 1, in 2017
Autorzy:
Wadyl, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Grodzisko
wczesna epoka żelaza
wczesne średniowiecze
Hillfort
Early Iron Age
Early Middle Ages
Opis:
In 2017, the excavation of the fortifications in Pasym, Szczytno district, was continued. During this time three trenches were excavated (Figure 2). Trench 1/2017 (measuring 15 x 5 m) was laid out in the western part of the fortification, partly on the edge, partly on the slope descending from the west towards the lake. Trench 2/2017 (measuring 15 x 5 m) was located on the eastern slope of the fortification. Trench 3/2017 (measuring 5 x 5 m) was located in a dip situated to the south-east of the fort. The study encompassed an area of 1.75 acres. During the excavations, unusually interesting remains within the courtyard of the stronghold were discovered. Earlier obser�vations concerning the fortification of the site were also confirmed. The powerful defence system has no analogies in contemporary Prussian territories. Particularly valuable were the layers of accumulated deposits dating from the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2017, 298, 4; 717-724
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawozdanie z badań wykopaliskowych na grodzisku zwanym „Okrągła góra” w Pasymiu, pow. Szczytno, stan. 1 w roku 2018
Report on the excavation at the settlement of “Round Hill” in Pasym, Szczytno district, site 1, in 2018
Autorzy:
Wadyl, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Grodzisko
wczesna epoka żelaza
wczesne średniowiecze
Stronghold
Early Iron Age
Early Middle Ages
Opis:
In 2018, excavations at the stronghold in Pasym in the Szczytno district continued (Figure 1). They were mainly concentrated on the area within the stronghold. Three excavations were carried out (Figure 2). Trench 1 (15 × 5 m) was situated in the western part on the extension south of Trench 1 from 2017. Excavation 2 (5 × 5 m) was located in the north-west part of the stronghold, on the slope descending towards the lake. Trench 3 (2 × 2 m) was located at the foot of the stronghold on the lake side. In total, the excavated area was 1.29 ar. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of two large features (4 and 13) of a residential character. The results of previous studies clearly indicate that buildings of this type were located along the edge of the inner area of the stronghold. A large number of finds was recovered during the excavations: 5,082 ceramic fragments, 11,559 animal bone fragments and 121 artefacts.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2019, 303, 1; 153-161
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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