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Tytuł:
Numerical Modelling and Measurements of Temperature for Tests of Structural Transformations in Steels under Welding Conditions
Autorzy:
Mikno, Z.
Stępień, M.
Grzesik, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352069.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FEM
thermocouple measurement
CCT diagrams
Opis:
This paper presents the way in which temperature is measured in tests concerning structural transformations in various types of steel under welding conditions. In the test methodology, a small-sized steel specimen was subjected to simulated welding thermal cycles, during which the temperature of the specimen, changes in magnetic permeability and thermal expansion were measured simultaneously. The measurements of those parameters required the non-contact heating of the specimen, which involved the use of heating lamps. The temperature measurement was of key importance because the subsequent analysis of the remaining parameters was performed in the function of temperature. The tests of structural transformations resulted in the development of Continuous Cooling Transformation under welding conditions (CCT) diagrams, enabling the determination of steel weldability and constituting the source of information needed to determine the effect of welding thermal cycles on the structure and properties of the material subjected to the tests. Related numerical models to be used as the basis for the analysis of temperature distribution in the test specimen have been developed. These tests involved the analysis of the values and the distribution of temperature in relation to various model parameters, i.e. thermocouple types, geometrical features of a thermocouple junction and the diameter of thermocouple wires. The results of FEM calculations have been compared to the experiments.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1405-1415
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysing applicability of selected methods to smooth indicator diagrams of marine medium-speed engine
Autorzy:
Pawletko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
indicator diagrams
smoothing waveforms
filtering disturbances
Opis:
The article analyses the applicability of selected smoothing methods to smooth indicator diagram curves and to filter disturbances. An intermediate goal of the study was an attempt to extract disturbances recorded during pressure curve smoothing, which are believed to be a source of important diagnostic information. Within the framework of the reported analysis, a comparison was made between the moving average method, the Savitzky-Golay filter, and the frequency filtration method. The research was performed on a marine medium-speed engine Sulzer 3Al 25/30, which has a relatively long indicator passage.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 2; 55-61
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation accuracy of combustion chamber tightness in piston engines, on the basis of a developed indicator diagram
Autorzy:
Rosłanowski, J.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
leakage of combustion chamber
errors of developed indicator diagrams
characteristic points of developed indicator diagrams
Opis:
The following article describes the effect of combustion chamber leakage of piston engine on the quality of its performance. To make a diagnosis of combustion chamber tightness, only such parameters were selected which are characterized by high information value and are closely connected with its defined structure. For this reason such connections are unmistakable, which results in making the right diagnosis of combustion chamber tightness of piston engines. Special attention was paid to the fact, what consequences, combustion chamber leakage, can cause to the piston engine performance. The most dangerous for the engine efficiency is the leakage of combustion chamber. The leakage of combustion chamber brings about the change of such engine parameters as pressure of suction, pressure of final compression and burning and the change of exhaust gases composition, which effect on the engine power and on fuel consumption. Condition of piston rings and their influence on gas pressure in combustion chamber has also been characterized. Pressure of gases taking place in engine cylinder and their connection with leakage of combustion chamber have also been described. The article also exposes random character of combustion pressure in engine cylinder. Besides, the errors of indicator diagrams together with mapping error position GMP have been mentioned too. Reliability of diagnostic parameters of technical condition of combustion piston engines obtained on the basis of developed indicator diagrams has been defined. Such diagram must be made on the basis of measurements and statistic analysis of pressure parameters in correctly adjusted engines, being in perfect technical condition, and not on the basis of measurements obtained in the engine test bench of a new engine. Bad technical condition, especially leaks in its cylinders causes power differences in engine arrangements, which endangers its safe exploitation.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 339-345
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnostic symptoms of piston combustion engines of ship main propulsion received from its developed indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Rosłanowski, J.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
leakage of combustion chamber
errors of developed indicator diagrams
characteristic points of developed indicator diagrams
Opis:
The following article describes parameters of developed indicator diagrams concerning piston combustion engine of ship main propulsion, which can be used to assess its technical condition. To make a diagnosis of the engine combustion only such parameters should be selected which are characterized by high information value, being closely connected with its one defined structure. This is the cause why such connections are of unmistakable character, which allows to make the right diagnosis of technical condition of piston engine. Special attention was also paid to the consequences of diagnostic symptoms qualification from developed indicator diagrams of ship propulsion engine working in different conditions. Deflection of average indicated pressure caused by inappropriate engine performance could be caused by: 1) faulty adjustment of injection pump; 2) leaky combustion chamber, 3) bad technical condition of injection apparatus and the loading air system. Wrong technical condition of the engine caused by a leaky combustion chamber brings about a decrease of its performance. Untight combustion chamber causes the change of such parameters as, suction pressure, pressure of final compression and burning, as well as, the change of exhaust gases composition, which influences the power of the engine and fuel consumption. It has been mentioned what gas pressures of working process in engine cylinders are connected with an untight combustion chamber. Random character of burning pressure course in engine cylinder has also been paid attention to. Reliability of diagnostic parameters of piston engine technical condition received based on developed indicator diagrams have been determined. Diagnostic symptoms have been defined, basing on measurements and statistical analysis of pressure values in the cylinders of properly adjusted engines being in excellent technical condition and not based on measurements received in the engine test bed of a new engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 355-362
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safety oriented bubble diagrams in project risk management
Autorzy:
Abrahamsen, E. B.
Aven, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
bubble diagrams
project risk management
safety
Opis:
In project risk management many firms use bubble diagrams to get a graphical presentation of a project’s most uncertain attributes. The bubble diagrams and procedures used to put attributes into these diagrams are seen to provide a rational framework for managing risks. In this paper we review and discuss the use of these diagrams and procedures. Special attention is given to the way safety is treated. We show that the standard use of bubble diagrams is not adequate for identification and follow up critical activities that affect safety. The main problem is that the present structure means that the uncertainty is not properly taken into account. In this paper a reformulated bubble diagram is suggested that better reflects safety related uncertainties. The offshore oil and gas industry is the starting point, but the discussion is to large extent general.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2008, 1; 1--5
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagramy FBD w środowisku programistycznym CPDev
FBD diagrams in CPDev programming environment
Autorzy:
Trybus, B.
Ziętek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/275184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
programowanie
diagramy FBD
programming
FBD diagrams
Opis:
W artykule opisano rozszerzenie środowiska programistyczno-uruchomieniowego CPDev umożliwiające tworzenie aplikacji sterujących za pomocą diagramów bloków funkcjonalnych FBD. Edytor graficzny służy do tworzenia diagramów, zaś odpowiedni konwerter przekształca je do kodu w języku ST, który następnie jest kompilowany do postaci wykonywalnej. Do zapisu danych opisujących diagram FBD oraz bibliotekę bloków zastosowano format XML, w tym dokumenty o strukturze zgodnej ze standardem PLCOpen. Dzięki opisanemu rozszerzeniu środowisko CPDev pozwala obecnie na tworzenie aplikacji sterujących za pomocą trzech języków normy IEC 61131, tj. ST, IL i FBD.
The paper describes an extension of CPDev programming and runtime environment for building control applications using Function Block Diagrams (FBD). The diagrams are converted into ST language compiled into executable binary code. XML format derived from PLCOpen standard is used to store FBD structure and library of function blocks. Due to the extension, the CPDev environment supports now ST, IL and FBD languages of IEC 61131-3 standard.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2010, 14, 3; 6-8
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie wykresów CTP niskostopowego żeliwa sferoidalnego do opracowania technologii wytwarzania żeliwa ADI
The use of TTT diagrams of low-alloy ductile cast iron to develop a technology for the production of ADI
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, B.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Kowalski, A.
Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
wykresy CTPc
wykresy CTPi
żeliwo sferoidalne
żeliwo ADI
struktura
CCT diagrams
TTT diagrams
ductile cast iron
ADI
structure
Opis:
Omówiono znaczenie wykresów CTPc i CTPi w procesach obróbki cieplnej żeliwa sferoidalnego, szczególnie przy wytwarzaniu żeliwa ADI. Dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej zagadnienia. Badania własne obejmowały opracowanie wykresów CTP dla czterech rodzajów żeliwa sferoidalnego różniących się głównie zawartością dodatków niklu, miedzi i molibdenu, odpowiednio: 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu; 2,26% Ni i 1,44% Cu; 1,60% Ni i 0,69% Cu oraz 1,50% Ni i 0,45% Mo. Zamieszczono mikrostruktury produktów przemiany przechłodzonego austenitu z wybranych próbek wykorzystanych do budowy wykresu CTPc-4. Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych wykresów omówiono wpływ Ni, Cu i Mo na temperaturę i czas poszczególnych przemian fazowych żeliwa sferoidalnego podczas chłodzenia anizotermicznego i izotermicznego. Uzyskano właściwości żeliwa ADI z dodatkami 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu spełniające wymagania dla 4 gatunków wg normy EN-PN 1563.
The presented paper is a description of the significance of CCT and TTT diagrams in the processes of heat treatment of ductile cast iron, and especially during the production of ADI. A review of literature in the subject was made. Own research included drawing up TTT diagrams for four types of ductile cast iron which mainly differed with respect to the content of nickel, copper and molybdenum additions, respectively: 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu; 2.26% Ni and 1.44% Cu; 1.60% Ni and 0.69% Cu, as well as 1.50% Ni and 0.45% Mo. Presented are microstructures of products of overcooled austenite transformations from the selected samples used for the construction of a CCT-4 diagram. On the basis of the analysis of the achieved diagrams, the influence of Ni, Cu and Mo on temperature and time of particular phase transformations in ductile cast iron during anisothermal and isothermal cooling is discussed. Properties of ADI with additions of 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu were determined which meet the requirements for four types pf cast iron according to the standard EN-PN 1563.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 4; 85-111
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Square Ising Nanowire on the Bethe Lattice
Autorzy:
Albayrak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
Bethe lattice
nanowire
phase diagrams
magnetization
tricritical
Opis:
The square-type nanowire is simulated on the Bethe lattice by using the core-shell structure consisting of the Ising spins. A nanoparticle is formed by placing a spin to the center and four others to the corners of a square. Then, each nanoparticle is combined with two neighboring ones with a perfect alignment of the squares to form the nanowire. Only nearest-neighbor spin interactions, either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic type, are allowed. The phase diagrams are calculated by studying the thermal variations of magnetizations for various values of bilinear interactions. It is found that the model gives both second- and first-order phase transitions in addition to the tricritical points and compensation temperatures.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 6; 1470-1473
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of determining mean indicator pressure of piston combustion engines from developed indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Monieta, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine diesel engines
indicator diagrams
mean indicated pressure
Opis:
The paper presents methods for processing and analysis of in-cylinder pressure course in the combustion chamber of marine engines. In literature are described determinate methods ofmean indicator pressure from closed diagrams, with are but rarely recorded than developed diagrams. There have been showed on limitations occurrence at measurements fast-changed pressures of marine diesel engines in operating conditions and measuring errors the attendants. Mean indicated pressure determined from the indicated timing or angular pressure courses in the cylinders is still a reliable diagnostic symptom. The paper presents too the results of experimental measurement of in-cylinder pressure signals, medium speed marine engines with application resistive sensor and using the photo-optical sensor of crankshaft position, and without the marker position of the crankshaft. Not always possible to altach the marker for the position of the crankshaft, and even there is no way of stopping the engine when you need to diagnose it. The top dead centre of the piston can be determined then analytically. The work developed a method of determining the mean indicated pressure of the developed indicator diagrams. Based on calculations ofmean indicator pressure made many of diagnosis of the medium speed marine diesel engines in the operating conditions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 301-306
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the indicator diagrams smoothing on the indicated parameters of marine diesel engines
Autorzy:
Pawletko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
indicator diagrams
smoothing the interference
engine indicated parameters
Opis:
The topic of this article is to analyze the influence of indicator diagrams smoothing methods on diagnostic parameters determined on their basis such as the maximum combustion pressure, mean indication pressure and heat release characteristics. Indicator diagrams of marine engines are subject to serious distortions arising primarily from the measuring method for in-cylinder pressure. Measurements are performed on the indicator valve which connect with the combustion chamber through the indicator channel. Depending on the engine design the channel length can reach a considerable length and introduces significant distortion in both the phase and amplitude of the pressure signal. Further analysis of the indicator diagram eg. in order to determine the heat release characteristics requires the use of methods of smoothing and filtering of interference. The results confirm no effect of indicator diagram smoothing for the value of the mean indicated pressure, which is one for the most important indicated parameters. A significant influence of smoothing on the maximum value of the heat release rate was observed. The differences in this case exceed 50%. At the same time confirmed that the heat release rate curve determined on the basis of a diagram without smoothing, carry a high level of interference, which precludes their practical use. Smoothing allows getting heat release rate curves that carry vital information about the working process of the engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 169-176
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors affecting the design of instrument flight procedures
Czynniki wpływające na projektowanie procedur lotu według przyrządów
Autorzy:
Jun, F.
Kevicky, D.
Ferencz, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
procedura lotu
schemat Ishikawy
flight procedure
Ishikava diagrams
Opis:
The article highlights factors, which might affect the design of instrument flight procedures. Ishikawa diagram is used to distribute individual factors into classes, as are People, Methods, Regulations, Tools, Data and Environment.
Artykuł przedstawia czynniki, które mogą wpływać na projektowanie procedur lotu według przyrządów. Schemat Ishikawy został użyty do rozdzielenia poszczególnych czynników na klasy, takie jak: Ludzie, Metody, Przepisy, Narzędzia, Dane oraz Środowisko.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2008, 3, 4; 53-57
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of indicator and heat release graphs for vw 1.9 tdi engine supplied diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters (RME)
Autorzy:
Cisek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
RME
FAME
indicator diagrams
heat realise
diesel engine
Opis:
The results of investigation of 1,9 TDI engine (285 Nm, 85 kW, type AJM without any modification) equipped with injection units supplied conventional diesel fuel (ON) or B100 fuel (RME) have been presented in article. Investigations have been realized at the engine speed of 2000 rpm and variable load within the range of 0 to 275 Nm. The pressure, temperature and heat release velocity runs have been subjected to analysis. Particular attention has been paid to the release of the heat used for the effective work and internal energy increase of the working medium (enthalpy) during combustion inside the engine cylinder versus the crank angle for both investigated fuels. It was found among the others that mentioned fuels differ in the heat release, heat velocity and the maximal combustion temperature, which for the B100 fuel is bigger than for the conventional diesel fuel. Bigger combustion dynamics of tested biofuel (compared with standard diesel fuel) results higher concentrations of Nitrogen Oxides NOx in exhaust gases. The easiest way is of course the use of the later start of fuel injection biofuels and/or increase the exhaust gas recirculation EGR. These treatments, however, result in a worsening of the energy performance of the engine. It was concluded also that the combustion of RME works properly at higher engine loads. Then reduce the negative difference between the combustion of biofuel (RME) and standard Diesel fuel.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 71-78
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Algorithms and methods for analysis of the optical structure factor of fractal aggregates
Autorzy:
Mroczka, J.
Woźniak, M.
Onofri, F. R. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fractals
aggregates
light scattering
scattering diagrams
structure factor
Opis:
We introduce numerical methods and algorithms to estimate the main parameters of fractal-like particle aggregates from their optical structure factor (i.e. light scattering diagrams). The first algorithm is based on a direct and simple method, but its applicability is limited to aggregates with large size parameter and intermediate fractal dimension. The second algorithm requires to build calibration curves based on accurate particle agglomeration and particle light scattering models. It allows analyzing the optical structure factor of much smaller aggregates, regardless of their fractal dimension and the size of the single particles. Therefore, this algorithm as well as the introduction of a criteria curve to detect the different scattering regimes, are thought to be powerful tools to perform reliable and reproducible analyses.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2012, 19, 3; 459-470
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Deformation and Austenitization Temperature on the Kinetics of Phase Transformations During Cooling of High-Carbon Steel
Autorzy:
Kawulok, P.
Podolinský, P.
Kajzar, P.
Schindler, I.
Kawulok, R.
Ševčák, V.
Opěla, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-carbon steel
cooling
transformation diagrams
microstructure
hardness
Opis:
The aim of the performed experiments was to determine the influence of deformation and of austenitization temperature on the kinetics of phase transformations during cooling of high-carbon steel (0.728 wt. % C). The CCT and DCCT diagrams for austenitization temperature 940°C and DCCT diagram for austenitization temperature 1000°C were constructed with the use of dilatometric tests. On the basis of obtained results, a featureless effect of austenitization temperature and deformation on the kinetics of phase transformations during cooling of investigated steel was observed. Critical cooling rates for the transformation of martensite in microstructure fluctuated from 5 to 7°C · s-1 (depending on the parameters of austenitization and deformation), but only at cooling rates higher than 8°C · s-1 a dominant share of martensite was observed in the investigated steel, which resulted in the significant increase of hardness.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1743-1748
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of time in influence diagrams
Autorzy:
Traczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
niepewność
uncertainty
belief networks
influence diagrams
ordering in time
Opis:
An influence diagram is a compact representation emphasizing the qualitative features of decision problem under uncertainty. Classical influence diagram has parameters stable in time, determined order of suggested decisions and generally is independent of time. Here we have shown some possible methods of construction of time dependent influence diagrams: with decision ordering, time-sliced segments and time consuming nodes. Such gathering of methods can help in selection of a proper solution.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2003, 3; 108-111
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eksploatacja wykresów CTPi w systemie CAPCAST
The exploitation of TTT diagrams in the CAPCAST system
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, B.
Adrian, A.
Regulski, K.
Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
wykres CTPi
żeliwo sferoidalne
digitalizacja wykresów
właściwości mechaniczne żeliwa
TTT diagrams
ductile cast iron
diagrams digitisation
mechanical properties of cast iron
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi opis działania jednego z modułów systemu CAPCAST, umożliwiającego rekomendację materiałów z żeliwa sferoidalnego, posiadających określone właściwości lub mogących osiągnąć oczekiwane właściwości po przeprowadzeniu odpowiedniej obróbki cieplnej. Podejście opiera się na wykorzystaniu wiedzy zawartej w wykresach CTPi do określenia warunków obróbki cieplnej, w efekcie której można uzyskać pożądaną mikrostrukturę żeliwa zapewniającą oczekiwane właściwości materiału.
The presented paper is a description of one of the modules of the CAPCAST system which allows determination of recommended materials made of ductile cast iron which show specific properties or may achieve the desired properties after an appropriate heat treatment process. The approach is based on the application of the knowledge developed from the TTT diagrams in order to establish the heat treatment conditions to achieve the desired microstructure of cast iron and thereby the expected properties of the material.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 4; 45-56
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Search for canted spin arrangement in Er2-xTbxFe14B with Mössbauer spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Kurzydło, P. M.
Bogacz, B. F.
Pędziwiatr, A. T.
Oleszak, D.
Przewoźnik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Mössbauer effect
permanent magnet materials
spin diagrams
spin reorientation
Opis:
The materials studied were polycrystalline compounds Er2-xTbxFe14B (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) which crystallize in a tetragonal lattice and display a variety of spin arrangements. The compounds have been measured with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy over the temperature range 80–320 K in order to investigate the spin reorientation processes. Each compound was studied in a wide temperature range, with precise Mössbauer scanning in the vicinity of the transition. The set of spectra obtained for a given compound was analyzed using simultaneous fi tting procedure to investigate the infl uence of the transition on the shape of the spectra. The fi tting program was specifi ed to analyze the transition according to the ‘two state model’: spins fl ip abruptly from initial angle to fi nal arrangement (90° angle). Obtained results suggest that spin reorientation process cannot be described using only the mentioned above model. Additional computer simulations based on the Yamada–Kato model were conducted to determine temperature range and the type of spin alignments in the vicinity of the transition. These theoretical results supported by spectra analysis suggest the existence of intermediate (canted) spin arrangements in the studied compounds. The spin arrangement diagram was constructed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 1; 93-96
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spin reorientation process in Tm2–xHoxFe14B : analysis of conical arrangement based on Mössbauer spectra
Autorzy:
Kurzydło, P. M.
Pędziwiatr, A. T.
Bogacz, B. F.
Przewoźnik, J.
Oleszak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
permanent magnetic materials
Mössbauer effect
spin reorientation
spin diagrams
Opis:
The spin reorientation process in the Tm2–xHoxFe14B series of compounds was studied using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy over the temperature range 5.2–320 K with a focus on the analysis of conical spin arrangement. Each compound was studied by precise Mössbauer scanning in the vicinity of the transition and during the transition. By applying computer simulations based on the simplified Yamada-Kato model, as well as on some literature data for R2Fe14B (R = Tm, Ho) compounds, the above series was selected for studies as it contains compounds with different spin arrangements (axial, planar, conical). It was a crucial requirement for obtaining unambiguous angular dependences when applying a simultaneous fitting procedure of Mössbauer spectra. Such an extended procedure was applied which allowed the temperature dependence of the angle describing the position of the magnetization vector to be obtained. The results were compared with those from theoretical simulations. The spin arrangement diagram was constructed. A conical spin arrangement was confirmed over a wide temperature range.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 2; 123-127
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spin arrangement diagrams for Er2-xRxFe14B (R = Y, Ce) obtained with Mössbauer spectroscopy and phenomenological model
Autorzy:
Pędziwiatr, A.
Bogacz, B.
Gargula, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Mössbauer effect
permanent magnet materials
spin diagrams
spin reorientation
Opis:
Two isostructural series of polycrystalline compounds: Er2-xYxFe14B and Er2-xCexFe14B have been studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range 80-370 K. The spin reorientation phenomenon (a transition from basal plane to axial easy magnetisation direction) has been studied extensively by a narrow step temperature scanning in the vicinity of the transition. Using the procedure of subtracting the Mössbauer spectra taken for the same compound at different temperatures, it was possible to follow the influence of transition on the shape of spectra. From this procedure it was concluded that in the region of transition each subspectrum splits into two Zeeman sextets, which are characterised by different hyperfine magnetic fields and quadrupole splittings. The consistent way of describing the Mössbauer spectra was proposed. The spin reorientation temperatures have been established for all compositions and compared with the values obtained from theoretical calculations of spin orientation angle based on phenomenological model. The spin arrangement diagrams have been constructed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48,suppl.1; 59-63
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of ground handling operations at airport
Autorzy:
Kwasiborska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
air transport
ground handling
aerodrome traffic
Gantt diagrams
Opis:
In aviation, aircraft ground handling defines the servicing of an aircraft while it is on the ground and (usually) parked at a terminal gate of an airport. Ground handling operations include many activities: passenger handling, ground transport, assistance in blocking the aircraft and delivery ofreąuired equipment, loading and unloading of the aircraft, including provision and operation of required equipment, as well as transport of the crew and passengers between the aircraft and the terminal, transport of luggage between the aircraft and the terminal, catering. This paper presents a fragment of an analysis of the elementary operations performed at the apron and presents model of ground handling at the airport and stochastic analyses. The method of sohing the problem is based upon an analysis of the actual airport operations. During the investigation different ground handling processes schemes and elementary operations identified at the apron were analyzed. Random parameters of the duration ofeach action at the apron were identified. The focus was the problem of increase airport capacity for the ground airport operations. Problem of airport capacity is specifying as airside and landside. The authors present short description of method. It is present ground handling model and some of results of simulation.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 253-261
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fatigue life tests of steel laser-welded sandwich structures
Autorzy:
Boroński, D.
Szala, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
fatigue
laser welding
fatigue life diagrams
steel panel structures
Opis:
This paper presents results of the fatigue life tests of elements of steel laser-welded sandwich structure, performed at the Department of Machine Design, University of Technology and Agriculture, Bydgoszcz, in cooperation with the Department of Ship and Offshore Structures Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, within the frame of ASPIS EUREKA E!3074 project titled : „Application of steel sandwich panels into ship structural design”. The obtained information on fatigue features of various specimens, the so called elementary structures of sandwich panels, can make it possible to formulate design and manufacturing recommendations for application of such structures in shipbuilding. An important result of the performed tests is the extended range of fatigue strength data for laser-welded joints.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 1; 27-30
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narzędzia do analizy procesów biznesowych – analiza porównawcza
Tools for analysis of business processes – a comparative analysis
Autorzy:
Janicki, Jakub
Wójcik, Ernest
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Instytut Informatyki
Tematy:
business processes
BPMN
business diagrams
procesy biznesowe
diagramy biznesowe
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł porusza tematy z zakresu analizy biznesowej, będącej podstawowym elementem funkcjonowania współczesnych organizacji. Celem tej publikacji jest przedstawienie i ocena czterech wybranych narzędzi do modelowania diagramów biznesowych w notacji BPMN. W ramach wprowadzenia do tematu scharakteryzowano procesy biznesowe, zdefiniowano ich analizę, a także przybliżono czytelnikowi notację BPMN i badane narzędzia. Zdefiniowano też metodykę badań i ich przebieg. Następnie przeprowadzone zostały badania zgodnie z przyjętą metodyką. Rezultatem tych prac były wyniki badań razem z analizą. Na koniec podsumowano przeprowadzone pomiary łącznie z wnioskami.
This article discusses topics in the field of business analysis, which is the basic element of the operation of modern organizations. The aim of this publication is to present and evaluate four selected tools for modeling business diagrams in BPMN notation. As part of the introduction to the topic, business processes were characterized, their analysis was defined, and the reader was introduced to the BPMN notation and the tested tools. The research methodology and its course were also defined. Then, the research was carried out in accordance with the adopted methodology. The conclusion of this work was the result of the research together with the analysis. Finally, the conducted experiments were summarized together with conclusions.
Źródło:
Journal of Computer Sciences Institute; 2021, 20; 165-169
2544-0764
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Computer Sciences Institute
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlation between Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Al-Si Alloys
Autorzy:
Minciuna, Mirabela G.
Vizureanu, Petrica
Jeż, Bartłomiej
Sandu, Andrei Victor
Nabiałek, Marcin
Achitei, Dragos C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
aluminium alloys
microstructure
X-ray diffraction
corrosion
Evans diagrams
Opis:
The composition and structural modification of aluminium alloys influence their strength, tribological properties and structural stability. The phase composition of the structure as well as the characteristics of the elementary cell of each identified phase was established by X-ray diffraction, and the main objective was to determine the compositional phases, microstructure and microcomposition of the alloy. Based on the cyclic voltammograms it can be said that on the OCP interval (+1.5 V… -1.1 V), after the breakthrough potential is an intensification of the anodic process by the pronounced increase of the current density, in these conditions the Al-Si alloy has low values which means that it has a better corrosion resistance.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 3; 1067--1070
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enthalpy of formation of intermetallic phases from Fe-Ni-Ti System. Comparative studies
Entalpia tworzenia faz międzymetalicznych z układu Fe-Ni-Ti. Studia porównawcze
Autorzy:
Gąsior, W.
Dębski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
intermetallics
phase diagrams
thermodynamic and thermochemical properties
phase identification
calorimetry
Opis:
The solution calorimetric method was used for the measurement of the formation enthalpy of the binary FeTi and Fe2Ti intermetallic phases and of the FeNiTi2 phase from the region of the ternary B2 one. The FeNi and FeNiTi2 phases were prepared by levitation melting and the Fe2Ti phase - by melting the metals in a glove-box under high purity argon. The alloys obtained were identified by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural study of the alloys with the composition equal to the FeTi and Fe2Ti phase confirmed the mentioned phases mainly in the samples. In the case of the ternary alloy of the composition of the FeNiTi2 phase, a slight amount of iron was also found. The obtained values of the formation enthalpy equal as follows: -27.2±1.3 kJ/mole of atoms, -22.5±1.4 kJ/mole of atoms and -34.2±1.3 kJ/mole of atoms for the Fe2Ti, FeTi and FeNiTi2 phase, respectively.
Stosując kalorymetryczna metodę rozpuszczania zostały zmierzone entalpie tworzenia dwóch dwuskładnikowych faz międzymetalicznych FeTi i Fe2Ti oraz z obszaru fazy trójskładnikowej B2. Fazy FeTi i FeNiTi2 zostały przygotowane metoda lewitacyjnego topienia a faza Fe2Ti metoda metalurgiczna przez stopienie metali w komorze manipulacyjnej z atmosfera ochronna argonu wysokiej czystości. Otrzymane stopy były poddane identyfikacji metoda analizy dyfrakcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Badania te potwierdziły występowanie w próbkach dwuskładnikowych głównie faz FeTi i Fe2Ti. W przypadku stopu trójskładnikowego oprócz fazy FeNiTi2 została wykryta niewielka ilość żelaza. Zmierzone wartości entalpii tworzenia faz wynoszą: -27.2±1.3 kJ/mol atomów dla Fe2Ti, -22.5±1.4 kJ/mol atomów dla FeTi oraz -34.2±1.3 kJ/mol atomów dla FeNiTi2.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1095-1104
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pourbaix diagrams for copper ores processing with seawater
Autorzy:
Marín, Oscar A.
Ordóñez, Javier I.
Gálvez, Edelmira D.
Cisternas, Luis A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
Pourbaix-diagram
Eh-pH diagrams
seawater
copper minerals
Chilean mining
Opis:
Decreases in the copper grade, waste disposal, energy supply, and water scarcity are some of the most critical challenges for the copper mining industries. One of the alternatives to counteract the water scarcity is the use of seawater, whether raw, partially desalinated, or desalinated. The use of seawater implies the generation of several compounds as a result of the interaction of ions in waters and ores. For this reason, it is required a greater understanding of these compounds generated on mineral processing, being Pourbaix diagrams used to estimate the possible compounds that will be formed in an aqueous medium for a given metal ore. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, and Cu-concentration on the stability of the copper-solid species was investigated by constructing Pourbaix diagrams for different copper ore types with seawater. The results show that the corrosion areas decrease when the temperature increases for both oxidized and sulfide minerals. It was confirmed that the concentration is a critical variable that influences the size of corrosion areas. In terms of the effect of the other ions that seawater contains, carbonate, chloride, and bromide affect the stability of the Cu-solid species. The proposed diagrams serve as a useful tool to predict the stable species that may be obtained when seawater is used. The use of seawater in mining is an essential issue because it is considered as a more sustainable alternative instead of use freshwater or desalinated seawater, especially in locations with complex water availability, as is northern Chile.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2020, 56, 4; 625-640
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing diagnostic applicability of heat release characteristics determined based on ship engine indicator diagrams
Autorzy:
Polanowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship piston engines
indicator diagrams
heat release
characteristics
diagnostic application
Opis:
In order to determine indicator diagrams-based heat release characteristics, a single- zone model of net heat release was used for perfect gas. It was proved that when a constant value for isentropic exponent is assumed, the error in determining the characteristics can be limited to 1% at the nominal load. The effect of errors in determining the position of piston TDC, as well as that of gas passages and indicator valves on the calculated characteristics was evaluated. It was shown that for low-speed engines the effect of gas passages in negligible, while for medium-speed engines the characteristics reveal some deformations (waves), which are repeatable for an individual cylinder in the examined engine construction. The results of the performed investigations and analyses suggest possibility and advisability of the use of heat release characteristics in diagnosing ship engines, in particular low-speed machines.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 32-35
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical Model of the Process of Pearlite Austenitization
Matematyczny model procesu austenityzacji perlitu
Autorzy:
Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
Adrian, H.
Mrzygłód, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
modelling
phase transformations
TTT diagrams
modelowanie
przemiany fazowe
diagram TTT
Opis:
The paper presents a mathematical model of the pearlite - austenite transformation. The description of this process uses the diffusion mechanism which takes place between the plates of ferrite and cementite (pearlite) as well as austenite. The process of austenite growth was described by means of a system of differential equations solved with the use of the finite difference method. The developed model was implemented in the environment of Delphi 4. The proprietary program allows for the calculation of the rate and time of the transformation at an assumed temperature as well as to determine the TTT diagram for the assigned temperature range.
W pracy zaprezentowano matematyczny model przemiany perlit - austenit. Do opisu tego procesu wykorzystano dyfuzyjny mechanizm zachodzący pomiędzy płytkami ferrytu i cementytu (perlitu) oraz austenitu. Proces wzrostu austenitu opisany został układem równań różniczkowych rozwiązanych przy wykorzystaniu metody różnic skończonych. Opracowany model zaimplementowano w środowisku Delphi 4. Autorski program pozwala na obliczanie szybkości i czasu przemiany przy założonej temperaturze oraz na wyznaczanie wykresu CTPi dla zadanego zakresu temperatur.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 981-986
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the General Material Balance Equation(S) to Calculate Quasi-Binary Sections of Multi-Component Phase Diagrams
Autorzy:
Dezső, A.
Kapatay, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Thermo-Calc
materials balance
quasi-binary sections
multicomponent phase diagrams
Opis:
A general form of material balance equations to be used to calculate quasi-binary sections of multi-component phase diagrams is derived here. When this general equation is reduced to ternary systems, it coincides with those, given in the Thermo-Calc manual. For a k-component system, altogether only (k-2) such independent equations should be written from the list of k(k-1)/2 possible equations.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 75-78
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Value of Two Modes of Graphic Elicitation Interviews to Explore Factors That Impact on Student Learning in Higher Education
Autorzy:
Schulze, Salomé
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Drawings
Diagrams
Graphic Elicitation Interviews
Doctoral Student Learning
Relational Maps
Timelines
Opis:
Since student learning and supervision are viewed as social processes, investigations into doctoral learning need to consider social learning theories and ways to illuminate student relations during this time. For such social research, interviews are the most extensively used instruments to gather data, but the data can be enriched by the use of visuals. This article reports on the value of two modes of graphic elicitation interviews to delve into factors that impacted on the progress of research master’s and doctoral students at one university. The studies were exploratory and the approach was within the framework of participatory visual research methodologies. The first setting involved 11 participants who were particularly successful in the completion of their studies. In accordance with the socio-cultural theory, the students completed a diagram in the form of a relational map, after having completed a table in which they brainstormed the people, artifacts, and processes that contributed most to their success. In the second setting, 10 less diligent students were instructed to complete drawings (timelines) to illustrate their research journeys. These were guided by three questions to ensure that the students focused on the topic. In both instances, the graphics (diagram/drawing) were used to elicit interviews, which were tape recorded. In the second setting, the situated learning theory, the social capital theory, and the self-regulated learning theory were used to analyze the data and identify themes in the narratives. The paper highlights the advantages and limitations of both methods. Both methods facilitated unexpected outcomes. The biggest advantage of drawings was that they were unconstrained by the researcher’s previous knowledge about the topic. Moreover, their greater flexibility allowed participants more freedom of expression and a stronger voice. However, the selection of visuals (such as diagrams, tables, or drawings) should be based on the specific aims of the research.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2017, 13, 2; 60-77
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie pseudo-MTBDD w dekompozycji zespołu funkcji
Decomposition of multi-output function based on pseudo-MTBDD
Autorzy:
Opara, A.
Kania, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
binary decision diagrams (BDD)
multi-terminal BDD (MTBDD)
logic synthesis
decomposition
Opis:
W obliczu coraz większej złożoności projektów kluczową rolę odgrywają efektywne algorytmy i struktury danych używane w procesie syntezy. W artykule przedstawiona jest koncepcja reprezentacji liści diagramów o wielu liściach (MTBDD) za pomocą diagramów BDD z wprowadzonymi dodatkowymi zmiennymi. Zabieg taki upraszcza algorytmy dekompozycji prowadzone dla odpowiednich zespołów funkcji.
This paper presents concept of representing multi-terminal binary decision diagram (MTBDD) by BDD diagrams with added special variables. MTBDD represents a set of boolean functions and is decomposed to implement them in typical FPGA devices. Common function relation can be extracted by merging a few single functions into a group represented by MTBDD diagram. There is special approach taken to efficiently perform merging process.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2008, R. 54, nr 8, 8; 496-497
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of temperature and hydrogen on fatigue fracture of 10Kh15N27T3V2MR steel
Autorzy:
Hembara, Oksana
Chepil, Olha
Hembara, Taras
Mochulskyi, Volodymyr
Sapuzhak, Yaroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
austenitic steel
hydrogen
kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams
cyclic crack resistance
durability
Opis:
A theoretical and experimental approach to prognosis of fatigue crack growth behavior and determination of the remaining resource of elements of constructions under the influence of temperature and hydrogen is discussed in the paper. Kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams of austenitic steel of 10Kh15N27T3V2MR were experimentally built and analytically described at different temperatures in a neutral environment and in hydrogen. The threshold and critical values of the stress intensity factor (SIF) were found. The durability of a turbine disk was evaluated. It is found that hydrogen reduced the remaining resource of this structural element almost by 2-3 times.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2020, 58, 1; 3-15
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agricultural commodities: An integrated approach to assess the volatility spillover and dynamic connectedness
Autorzy:
Mishra, Arunendra
Kumar, R Prasanth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
dynamic connectedness
TVPVAR
price volatility
volatility spillover
ag ricultural commodities
network diagrams
Opis:
In this article the dynamic connectedness between the five agricultural commodities is examined by implementing the Diebold and Yılmaz (VAR based) and Time Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) measures for understanding the time-varying variance-covariance mechanism using daily data for the period of 2005 to 2019. The findings reveal that at an overall level all the commodity prices are less susceptible to significant volatility shocks from other commodities specifically before the introduction of the pan-India electronic trading portal (eNAM). Cotton prices do not show any variation due to spillover from others for the entire study period. The volatility spillover is visible post eNAM period particularly for the commodity stock prices. Whereas at an overall level the total directional connectedness has gone down in the post eNAM era. The network analysis suggests that the commodity stock prices show a stronger association as compared to market prices. Generally commodity prices show volatility connectedness but with respect to their own market which means strong spillover is missing among both the markets.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 4; 28-53
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformation Diagrams of Selected Steel Grades with Consideration of Deformation Effect
Autorzy:
Kawulok, R.
Schindler, I.
Mizera, J.
Kawulok, P.
Rusz, S.
Opěla, P.
Podolínský, P.
Čmiel, K. M.
Mališ, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
transformation diagrams of steels
phase transformation
plastic deformation
dilatometric tests
Gleeble 3800
Opis:
The aim of this article was to assess the effect of previous plastic deformation on the transformation kinetics of selected steels with a wide range of chemical composition. Transformation (CCT and DCCT) diagrams were constructed on the basis of dilatometric tests on the plastometer Gleeble 3800 and metallographic analyses supplemented by measurements of HV hardness. Effect of previous deformation on transformation was evaluated of the critical rate of formation of the individual structural components (ferrite, pearlite and bainite) in the case of formation of martensite respect to Ms temperature. Previous plastic deformation accelerated especially diffuse transformations (ferrite and pearlite), temperature of Ms was lower after previous plastic deformation and bainitic transformation was highly dependent on the chemical composition of steel.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 1; 55-60
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parametric representation of TTT diagrams of ADI cast iron
Parametryczna reprezentacja wykresów CTP i żeliwa sferoidalnego
Autorzy:
Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
Adrian, A.
Adrian, H.
Mrzygłód, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CTPi
żeliwa sferoidalne
austenit
bainit
TTT diagrams
austempered ductile iron
bainitic transformation
Opis:
The method of parametric representation of TTT diagrams on example of selected austempered ductile cast irons is presented. TTT diagrams were digitalised and n; k parameters of Johnson Mehl equation were calculated. The relationships between n, k parameters and transformation temperature were analysed for two ADI irons. Knowledge of these parameters enables to calculate the progress of austenite to bainite transformation.
W pracy zaprezentowano metodykę parametrycznej reprezentacji wykresów CTPi na przykładzie wybranych wykresów dla żeliw sferoidalnych. Wykresy CTPi digitalizowano, a następnie obliczano parametry n i k równania Johnsona-Mehla opisującego postęp przemiany przechłodzonego austenitu w bainit. Analizowano wpływ temperatury przemiany na wartość parametrów n, k. Znajomość tych parametrów pozwala obliczać postęp przemiany austenitu w bainit przy danej temperaturze.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 2; 613-617
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagramy aktywności UML w projektowaniu rekonfigurowalnych sterowników logicznych
UML activity diagrams in design of reconfigurable logic controllers
Autorzy:
Grobelny, M.
Grobelna, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
specyfikacja behawioralna
rekonfigurowalny sterownik logiczny
UML
diagramy aktywności
behavioural specification
activity diagrams
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia sposób reprezentacji behawioralnej sterownika logicznego przy wykorzystaniu diagramów aktywności języka UML. Zaproponowane zostało zastosowanie diagramów aktywności do projektowania rekonfigurowalnych sterowników logicznych, a dokładnie do opisu zachowania sterownika logicznego podczas pracy. Do tego celu został dostosowany zbiór elementów diagramów aktywności w celu umożliwienia efektywnego modelowania behawioralnego. Rozważane jest także wykorzystanie hierarchicznych możliwości diagramów aktywności do częściowej rekonfiguracji
The paper focuses on behavioural representation of a logic controller with usage of UML activity diagrams. There is shown a subset of UML activity diagram elements sufficient to present logic controller behaviour simultaneously suitable for automatic synthesis with use of hardware description languages. After short introduction (Section 1) to the topic, UML activity diagrams as a specification technique are presented (Section 2). Additionally, there is described a subset of elements (Tab.1) of the discussed specification techniques fulfilling behavioural modelling requirements of a reconfigurable logic controller. Specification possibilities are given using sample control process of preparing the exact amount of liquid in two tanks (Section 3). The real model of the process is shown in Fig. 1. One of the possible behavioural specifications with use of UML activity diagrams is depicted in Fig. 2. This is a representation of the considered action state concept specification techniques in version 1.x. The other possibility is to specify a process with use of elementary system actions (Fig. 3), which is characteristic of the UML activity diagrams version 2.x. Fig. 4, on the other hand, shows signal based specification which is suitable for automatic hardware description language code generation (e.g. VHDL). Furthermore, Section 4 describes possibilities of using hierarchical aspects of activity diagrams to prepare specification for partial reconfiguration. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 7, 7; 596-598
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projektowanie baz danych z wykorzystaniem nierelacyjnych typów danych
Non-relational data types in databases design
Autorzy:
Ptasznik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Warszawska Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki
Tematy:
projektowanie baz danych
Entity Relationship Diagrams
ERD
Object-Role Modeling
ORM
databases design
Opis:
Podejście do projektowania relacyjnych baz danych, przez wiele lat realizowane było zgodnie z metodyką ERD (ang. Entity Relationship Diagrams) lub ORM (ang. Object-Role Modeling). Wprowadzenie do stan-dardu SQL typu XML, dodanie typów przestrzennych oraz hierarchicznych zmieniło uwarunkowania realizacji projektu bazy danych. W artykule opisane zostały możliwości wykorzystania nierelacyjnych typów danych przy projektowaniu baz danych z wykorzystaniem technologii MS SQL Server 2008 R2.
Approach to designing relational databases, for many years was carried out in accordance with the ERD (Entity Relationship Diagrams) methodology, or ORM (Object-Role Modeling). Adding XML to the SQL standard as well as incorporating spatial and hierarchical types changed conditions of the database project realization. The article describes the possibilities of using non-relational data types when designing databases using Microsoft technology SQL Server 2008 R2.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki; 2012, 6, 7; 111-126
1896-396X
2082-8349
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality control during analysis of pollutants in beer using statistical control of surrogate standard
Satatystyczna analiza jakości kontroli i zanieczyszczeń piwa za pomocą standardów zastępczych
Autorzy:
Horák, T.
Kellner, V.
Jurková, M.
Čulík, J.
Čejka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/126317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
pollutants
PCB
surrogate standard
Shewhart's diagrams
beer
zanieczyszczenia
standard zastępczy
diagramy Shewharta
piwo
Opis:
In the framework of good laboratory praxis the emphasis is placed on the quality of reproducible results. Methods of mathematic statistics are very useful for this reason. In the form of regulating diagrams they can help to quick identification of that results which are outside the required tolerances. There are a lot of various samples used for statistical regulation. One possibility how to control the efficiency of whole analytic process, from preparing to the final determination, is using of surrogate standard. 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-xylene and decachlorobiphenyl were used as surrogate standards for the determination of PCB in various types of water. These compounds were examined during relatively complicate determination of PCB in beer. The concentration was determined by Shewhart’s diagrams for individual values and sliding span according to standard ČSN ISO 8258. This example of PCB determination in beer indicates the possibility of using surrogate standards as a powerful tool for determination of quality results.
W ramach dobrej praktyki laboratoryjnej kładzie się nacisk na jakość uzyskanych wyników. Do ich oceny wykorzystuje się matematyczne metody statystyczne. Za pomocą schematycznych diagramów można szybko zidentyfikować wyniki pozostające poza wymaganymi granicami tolerancji. Istnieje wiele różnych metod statystycznych używanych do tych celów. Jedną z możliwości kontroli efektywności całego procesu analitycznego, od przygotowania próbki do końcowego oznaczenia, jest użycie standardów zastępczych. Do oznaczania PCB w różnych rodzajach wody użyto 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-ksylenu i dekachlorobifenylu jako wzorców zastępczych. Związki te zostały zbadane podczas stosunkowo skomplikowanego oznaczania PCB w piwie. Stężenie zostało określone za pomocą schematów Shewharta dla poszczególnych wartości, zgodnie z normą ČSN ISO 8258. Ten przykład oznaczania PCB w piwie wskazuje na możliwość korzystania ze standardów zastępczych jako istotnego narzędzia do określenia jakości wyników.
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2009, 3, 2; 317-323
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Coral of Plants
Autorzy:
Podani, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Archaeplastida
branching silhouette diagrams
cladistics
classification
geological
timescale
paleontology
phylogeny
Tree of Life
Opis:
The present article has two primary objectives. First, the article provides a historical overview of graphical tools used in the past centuries for summarizing the classification and phylogeny of plants. It is emphasized that each published diagram focuses on only a single or a few aspects of the present and past of plant life on Earth. Therefore, these diagrams are less useful for communicating general knowledge in botanical research and education. Second, the article offers a solution by describing the principles and methods of constructing a lesser- known image type, the coral, whose potential usefulness in phylogenetics was first raised by Charles Darwin. Cladogram topology, phylogenetic classification and nomenclature, diversity of taxonomic groups, geological timescale, paleontological records, and other relevant information on the evolution of Archaeplastida are simultaneously condensed for the first time into the same figure – the Coral of Plants. This image is shown in two differently scaled parts to efficiently visualize as many details as possible, because the evolutionary timescale is much longer, and the extant diversity is much lower for red and green algae than for embryophytes. A fundamental property of coral diagrams, that is their self-similarity, allows for the redrawing of any part of the diagram at smaller scales.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2020, 89, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Awangardowe techniki kompozytorskie w Trzech diagramach na flet solo Henryka Mikołaja Góreckiego
Avant-garde compositional techniques in Three diagrams for solo flute by Henryk Mikołaj Górecki
Autorzy:
Sucharska, Weronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Koło Naukowe Studentów Muzykologii UJ
Tematy:
Henryk Mikołaj Gorecki
Three diagrams for solo flute
compositional techniques
punctualism
aleatorism
serialism
Opis:
The aim of the article is to analyse Three diagrams for solo flute Op. 15 by Henryk Mikołaj Gorecki in the light of compositional techniques used in the piece as well as placing the work in the context of the early output of the composer. In order to achieve the defined aims the score has been analysed as well as the statements of the composer and of people related to him. This research enabled the author to precise in what ways Gorecki uses techniques such as serialism, punctualism and aleatorism. In the paper composer’s individual and innovative approach to the avant-garde techniques is revealed. However, the idiomatic elements of the whole Gorecki’s style are also present in the analysed work. The article consists of two parts. The first part includes the problem of history and the style of Henryk Mikołaj Gorecki’s early works. The second part is devoted to the analysis and conclusions.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ; 2016, 4(31); 78-99
2956-4107
2353-7094
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to healthcare as an important moderating variable for understanding the geography of COVID-19 outcomes - preliminary insights from Poland
Autorzy:
Jarynowski, Andrzej
Belik, Vitaly
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
Tematy:
healthcare access
health inequalities
COVID-19
statistical modelling
immunity level
quasi-causal diagrams
Opis:
Introducotin: Biases in the measurement of COVID-19 burden and the uncertainty in esmtiaotin of the corresponding epidemiologic indexes are known and common phenomena in infecotius diseases. We invesgtiated to what extent healthcare access (HCA)-related supply/demand interfered with the registered data on COVID-19 in Poland. Material and Methods: We ran a mulptile linear regression model with interacotins to explain the geographic variaotin in seroprevalence, hospitalizaotins (on the voivodeship - NUTS-2 level) and current (beginning of the 4 th wave of COVID cases - 15.09-21.11.2021) case nocftiaotins/crude mortality (on poviat - old NUTS-4 level). We took vaccinaotin coverage and cumulavtie case nocftiaotins up to the so called 3rd wave as predictor variables and supply/demand (HCA) as moderantig variables. Results: HCA with interacntig terms (mainly demand) explained to the great extent the variance of current incidence and most of the variance in the current mortality rates. HCA (mainly supply) was signicfiantly moderantig cumulavtie case nocftiaotins unlti the 3rd wave of cases, thus explaining the variance in seroprevalence and hospitalizaotin. Conclusion: Seeking causal relaotins between the vaccinaotinor infecotin-gained immunity level and the current infecotin dynamics could be misleading without understanding the socio-epidemiologic context such as the moderantig role of HCA (sensu lato). Aeftr quancftiation, HCA could be incorporated into epidemiologic models for improved prediction of the actual disease burden. Jarynowski A, Belik V. Access to healthcare as an important moderating variable for understanding the geography of COVID-19 outcomes - preliminary insights from Poland. Eur J Transl Clin Med. 2022;5(2):5-15.
Źródło:
European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine; 2022, 5, 2; 5-15
2657-3148
2657-3156
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to healthcare as an important moderating variable for understanding geography of COVID-19 outcomes – preliminary insights from Poland
Autorzy:
Jarynowski, Andrzej
Belik, Vitaly
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25711060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-12
Wydawca:
Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
Tematy:
health inequalities
statistical modelling
COVID-19
healthcare access
immunity level
quasi-causal diagrams
Opis:
Introduction Biases in the measurement of COVID-19 burden and the uncertainty in estimation of the corresponding epidemiologic indexes are known and common phenomena. We investigated to what extent healthcare access (HCA)-related supply/demand interfered with the registered data on COVID-19 in Poland. Material and Methods We ran a multiple linear regression model with interactions to explain the geographic variation in seroprevalence, hospitalizations (on the voivodeship level) and current (beginning of the 4th wave of COVID cases – 15.09-21.11.2021) case notifications/crude mortality (on poviat level). We took vaccination coverage and cumulative case notifications up to the so-called 3rd wave as predictor variables and supply/demand (HCA) as moderating variables. Results HCA with interacting terms (mainly demand) explained to the great extent the variance of current incidence and most of the variance in the current mortality rates. HCA (mainly supply) was significantly moderating cumulative case notifications until the 3rd wave of cases, thus explaining the variance in seroprevalence and hospitalization. Conclusions Seeking causal relations between the vaccination- or infection-gained immunity and the current infection dynamics could be misleading without understanding the socio-epidemiologic context such as the moderating role of HCA (sensu lato). After quantification, HCA could be incorporated into epidemiologic models for improved prediction of the actual disease burden.
Źródło:
European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine; 2022, 5, 2; 5-15
2657-3148
2657-3156
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3D Computer Models of the Ag-Sb-Sn and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ T-x-y Diagrams
Autorzy:
Lutsyk, V.
Vorob'eva, V.
Zelenaya, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
phase diagrams
3D simulation
Ag-Sb-Sn
MgO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃
mass balance
Opis:
Three-dimensional (3D) computer models of Ag-Sb-Sn and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ systems T-x-y diagrams have been designed. For the metal system two versions of 3D model of its phase diagram have been constructed according to the contradictions in the temperature intervals of the compound Sb₂Sn₃ stability. Possibilities of the analysis of the stages of crystallization and prediction of microstructural constituents with the aid of the calculation of vertical mass balance diagrams are demonstrated on the basis of the 3D computer model for the oxide system.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 763-766
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy bezpieczeństwa procesowego w zbiornikowych reaktorach z mieszadłem
Process safety issues in stirred tank reactors
Autorzy:
Lewak, M.
Molga, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2070850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo reaktorów
kryterium bezpieczeństwa
wykresy graniczne
safety of chemical reactors
safety criterion
boundary diagrams
Opis:
Celem prezentowanej pracy było opracowanie i weryfikacja uniwersalnego kryterium bezpiecznej pracy dla reaktora zbiornikowego o działaniu okresowym i półokresowym. Wykonano serię badań doświadczalnych mających na celu wyznaczenie i weryfikację wykresów granicznych, będących podstawą opracowania tego kryterium. Przeprowadzone badania doświadczalne i testy w pełni potwierdziły przydatność oraz dużą niezawodność opracowanego kryterium bezpieczeństwa.
The aim of this study was the elaboration and verification of universal criterion for safe operation of batch and semibatch stirred tank reactors. Series ' of experimental studies were carried out in the RC1 Mettler Toledo reaction calorimeter to determine and verify boundary diagrams on which this criterion is based. The carried out experiments fully confirm applicability and robustness of the elaborated criterion.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2010, 1; 65-66
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The optimal insulation thickness determined for modular buildings according to multi-criteria analysis
Autorzy:
Zhelykh, Vasyl
Furdas, Yurii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
izolacja termiczna
pianka poliuretanowa
konstrukcja modułowa
thermal insulation
polyurethane foam
modular construction
petal diagrams
Opis:
The possibility of using modular buildings for residential and public needs is considered. Due to the peculiarities of technology and the use of thermal insulation materials, such structures are erected in a short time with the help of ready-made modules, characterized by their simplicity and speed of installation. The results of the multi-criteria analysis are presented in the form of petal diagrams and diagrams of global priorities.
Źródło:
Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym; 2021, 10, 1; 43--51
2299-8535
2544-963X
Pojawia się w:
Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Schematy elektryczne akumulatora kwasowego i ich opis
Acid battery electrical diagrams and their description
Autorzy:
Pszczółkowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/313394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
akumulator kwasowy
akumulator kwasowo-ołowiowy
schematy elektryczne
acid battery
lead-acid battery
electrical diagrams
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zasady budowy modeli elektrycznych akumulatora kwasowego oraz różne możliwości jego opisu. Omówiono metodykę badań charakterystyk napięcia pracy akumulatora od zmiennych niezależnych mających na nią wpływ, np. natężenia prądu, temperatury, czy stanu naładowania. Scharakteryzowano zasady przetwarzania wstępnego wyników oraz przetwarzania dla celów wyznaczania i opisu modelu akumulatora. Wskazano możliwości opisu charakterystyk w warunkach stacjonarnych i niestacjonarnych pracy za pomocą funkcji sklejanych, kombinacji liniowej funkcji wykładniczych oraz wyznaczenia parametrów elektrycznych akumulatora, jako elementów obwodu, czyli jego siły elektromotorycznej, rezystancji i pojemności. Podkreślono zależność stopnia złożoności modelu i jego dokładności.
This article describes the principles of the acid battery electric models construction and various possibilities of its description. There is described methodology of the battery voltage characteristics testing as a function of independent variables influencing it, e.g. current, ambient temperature, or state of charge. Preliminary processing and processing principles of the test results have been characterized for the purposes of determining and describing the battery model. The possibilities of description battery characteristics in stationary and non-stationary conditions by means of gluing, linear combination of exponential functions and determination of electric parameters of the battery as elements of the circuit, i.e. its electromotive force, resistance and capacitance are described. The dependence of the complexity of the model and its accuracy was emphasized.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 12; 1258-1263, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 7: Fe-B-C
Autorzy:
Miettinen, J.
Visuri, V.-V.
Fabritius, T.
Vassilev, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
phase diagrams
thermodynamic modelling
thermodynamic database
Fe-B-X systems
Fe-B-C system
Opis:
Thermodynamic description of the Fe-B-C system in its iron-rich corner is developed in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, Ti, V, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the binary sub-systems, Fe-B, Fe-C and B-C, are taken from earlier assessments modifying the B-C description. The parameters of the Fe-B-C system are optimized in this study using experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data from the literature. Liquid, beta-rhombo-B and graphite phases are described using the substitutional solution model, while the ferrite (bcc), the austenite (fcc), the cementite (M3C) and the M23C6 phases are described with the sublattice model and the borides, Fe2B, FeB and B4C, are treated as stoichiometric phases. A good correlation was obtained between the calculated and the experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data. The description is recommended to be used at the composition region of wt% C + wt% B < 15 and at temperatures below 2700°C.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 2; 923-933
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformacja diagramów aktywności UML 2.0 do sieci Petriego w systemach sterowania binarnego
Transformation of UML 2.0 activity diagrams into Petri nets in binary control systems
Autorzy:
Grobelny, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/154189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
diagramy aktywności UML 2.0
sieci Petriego
UML 2.0 activity diagrams
Petri nets
Opis:
Artykuł zawiera omówienie oraz porównanie dwóch formalnych metod specyfikacji behawioralnej systemów osadzonych - diagramów aktywności języka UML 2.0 oraz sieci Petriego. Przedstawione są podobieństwa oraz różnice pomiędzy nimi. Poruszone jest zagadnienie transformacji pomiędzy dwoma wymienionymi technikami specyfikacji wraz z obrazującym ten proces przykładem. Uwzględniono także problem nadmiarowości sieci Petriego po bezpośredniej transformacji i wynikającą z tego konieczność redukcji miejsc i tranzycji przy zachowaniu jednoznaczności obu diagramów. Artykuł podzielony jest następująco. Rozdział 2 zawiera wprowa-dzenie do diagramów aktywności w UML 2.0. Rozdział 3 przedstawia sieci Petriego. Rozdział 4 porównuje obie metody specyfikacji - diagramy aktywności oraz sieci Petriego. Rozdział 5 porusza zagadnienie transformacji pomiędzy dwoma omawianymi technikami. Rozdział 6 zawiera podsumowanie wcześniejszych rozdziałów oraz wnioski.
The paper presents and compares two formal behavioural specification methods of embedded systems [1] - activity diagrams of UML specification language [2, 3, 4, 13, 14] and Petri nets [9, 15]. Similarities and differences as well as the aspect of transformation between both specification techniques are concerned. The transformation is explained on the example of a sample control process shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 presents the specification using UML activity diagram. The problem of redundant places and transitions after direct transformation from the activity diagram into the Petri net is dealt with. The Petri net after transformation is shown in Fig. 3 (a), while the reduced diagram - in Fig. 3 (b). The paper is divided into sections. Section 1 contains introduction to the topic of embedded system specification techniques. Section 2 presents UML 2.0 activity diagrams with their basic elements. Petri nets and their syntactic are described in Section 3. Section 4 focuses on comparison of both techniques by means of embedded control systems (see [12] for more details). The transformation problem is considered in Section 5. Section 6 summarises and concludes the paper.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2009, R. 55, nr 7, 7; 498-500
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improvement of the graphical method for plotting the shear and moment diagrams for members subjected to linearly varying loads
Autorzy:
Husain, Muhammed Abbas
Ali, Abdulkhaliq Salim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
ścinanie
ścinanie belki
mechanika materiałów
shear diagrams
moment diagram
graphical method
improvement
varying load
Opis:
This study presents an improvement of the graphical method for plotting the shear and moment diagrams for the structural members under linearly varying loads (triangular and trapezoidal loads). Based on the parabolic nature of the shear function, when the loading varies linearly, and on the relations among load, shear, and moment, a mathematical equation is developed to locate the zero-shear point, while a geometric technique is presented to calculate the parabolic shear area. Five comprehensive examples of beams loaded with linearly varying loads are selected to illustrate the steps of the solution for the proposed techniques. The results demonstrated the applicability of the presented method, and gave exact diagrams compared with the basic graphical method. It is concluded that the proposed improved method is generally more convenient, less time-consuming, and has less computational efforts because it does not require sectioning, solving equilibrium equations, and quadratic formulas compared with the basic graphical method.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2022, 27, 1; 46--66
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagramy aktywności języka UML i sieci Petriego w systemach sterowania binarnego - od transformacji do weryfikacji
UML activity diagrams and Petri nets in binary control systems - from transformation to verification
Autorzy:
Grobelny, M.
Grobelna, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/158260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
diagramy aktywności UML
sieci Petriego
weryfikacja modelowa
UML activity diagrams
Petri nets
model checking
Opis:
Język UML jest technologią powszechnie stosowaną w świecie naukowym oraz w przemyśle. Sieci Petriego są modelem matematycznym ogólnego zastosowania ugruntowanym od wielu lat. Obie te techniki doskonale nadają się do specyfikacji procesów sterowania. Jednakże jako odmienne, każda z nich posiada unikatowe właściwości. Technika weryfikacji modelowej jest jedną z metod formalnej weryfikacji specyfikacji pozwalającą na zdiagnozowanie błędów w specyfikacji wymagań albo w opisie modelu. Artykuł przedstawia metodę transformacji pomiędzy obiema wymienionymi technikami specyfikacji w celu formalnej weryfikacji projektu sterowania opisanego w języku UML.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) [1-3, 5, 6-8] is commonly used in scientific and industrial world. Petri nets [9] are mathematical model used for a long period of time. Both techniques are well suited for control processes specification. However, they are quite different. Each technique has its own unique properties. Model checking technique [14-17] is one of formal verification methods [18] for specifications. It allows detecting errors either in requirements specification or in model description. The paper presents the method for transformation between both mentioned specification techniques - from UML activity diagram (Fig. 1) to Petri net (Fig. 4), using some defined rules [10, 11]. Mapping of particular elements is presented in Table 1. Petri net after direct transformation may include redundant places which can be after-wards removed. Then, it is possible to formally verify control process described in UML. The proposed model checker tool is NuSMV [20]. NuSMV (Fig. 5) compares model description (Fig. 6 - 8) and requirements (Fig. 9) which have to be fulfilled. The requirements are defined using temporal logic. If a specified requirement may not be fulfilled, appropriate counterexamples are generated (Fig. 10) which allow detecting an error source. Then, the specification can be corrected and model checking process can start again, sometimes including only the particular part of a designed system.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 10, 10; 1154-1158
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projektowanie sterowników logicznych z wykorzystaniem łuków zezwalających i zakazujących sieci Petriego
Logic controller design using enabling and inhibitor arcs of Petri nets
Autorzy:
Grobelna, I.
Grobelny, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
specyfikacja behawioralna
rekonfigurowalny sterownik logiczny
UML
diagramy aktywności
behavioural specification
reconfigurable logic controller
activity diagrams
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnień związanych z projektowaniem sterowników logicznych z wykorzystaniem łuków zezwalających i zakazujących sieci Petriego. Zaproponowano nowatorskie podejście do regułowej specyfikacji sterownika logicznego, przygotowanej w postaci abstrakcyjnego autorskiego modelu logicznego dogodnego do formalnej weryfikacji modelowej oraz syntezy logicznej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono tutaj na łuki zakazujące i zezwalające interpretowanych sieci Petriego, ich realizację w abstrakcyjnym modelu logicznym i interpretację w innej postaci specyfikacji zachowania sterownika logicznego - diagramach aktywności języka UML.
The paper focuses on logic controller design using enabling and inhibitor arcs of Petri nets. There is proposed a novel original approach to rule-based specification of logic controller behaviour prepared as an abstract logical model suitable for formal verification and logic synthesis. Special interest is put on enabling and inhibitor (disabling) arcs of interpreted Petri nets, their realization in an abstract logical model and interpretation in other specification form - namely UML activity diagrams (in version 2.x). These arcs can be used for flow synchronization or controlled usage of shared resources. After a short introduction (Section 1), some basic concepts on logic controller specification are presented (Section 2), in particular considering (interpreted) Petri nets and UML (activity) diagrams. Usage of enabling and inhibitor arcs is shown on an example of the interpreted Petri net in Fig. 1 (transitions firing sequence in Fig. 2), followed by their representation in the proposed abstract rule-based logical model, its formal verification (using model checking technique) and synthesis (Section 3). The paper also proposes enabling and inhibitor arcs interpretation in UML activity diagrams (Section 4). Although direct representation of these arcs is not possible, the authors try to achieve an alternative solution which corresponds semantically to appropriate Petri net elements. Tab. 1 presents graphic representation of the considered arcs in interpreted Petri nets as well as in UML activity diagrams. The paper ends with a short summary (Section 5).
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 7, 7; 605-607
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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