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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 60
Tytuł:
Prediction of Detonation Pressure and Velocity of Explosives with Micrometer Aluminum Powders
Autorzy:
Zhang, Q.
Chang, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
aluminized explosives
detonation pressure
nonideal explosives
detonation velocity
Opis:
The data reported shows that the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation parameters of non-ideal explosives calculated from existing thermodynamic computer codes are significantly different from experimental results. We use CJ detonation theory to present a new approach predicting detonation pressure and velocity of aluminized explosives by thermodynamic detonation theory. There is no need to use the assumption of full and partial equilibrium of aluminum powder in reaction zones in the new approach. In this work the best agreement with experimental data was obtained by adjusting the parameter k in the Becker- Kistiakosky-Wilson equations of state (BKW-EOS). The detonation pressure and velocity values calculated by the present method agree well with the experimental results. All of the deviations for the calculated pressures of aluminized explosives are less than 9% and those for the detonation velocities are less than 7%.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 77-86
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Parameters of PlSEM Plastic Explosive
Autorzy:
Cardoso, Aline Anastacio
Selesovsky, Jakub
Künzel, Martin
Kucera, Jindrich
Pachman, Jiri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358518.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
Detonation velocity
PlSEM
plastic explosive
detonation pressure
cylinder test
Opis:
PlSEM is a plastic explosive based on RDX, PETN and a non-explosive binder, and is used in linear shaped charges for demolition purposes. Its experimentally obtained detonation parameters are presented in the present paper. The detonation velocity was measured for cylindrical charges of various diameters, with and without confinement. The detonation pressure and particle velocity were determined using an impedance window matching technique, and cylinder tests were used to obtain the parameters of the JWL equation of state of the detonation products. Detonation velocities from 7.75 to 8.05 km·s–1 were obtained for unconfined charges with diameters from 4 to 8 mm, and from 8.15 to 8.24 km·s–1 for charges with 25 mm diameter. The experimentally determined detonation pressure was found to be 24.6 GPa.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 4; 487-503
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Product Composition in Determining Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure
Autorzy:
Politzer, P.
Murray, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonation velocity
detonation pressure
density
detonation product composition
detonation heat release
Opis:
Four sets of rules for predicting the detonation product compositions of explosives have been investigated: the Kamlet-Jacobs, the KistiakowskyWilson, the modified Kistiakowsky-Wilson and the Springall-Roberts. These can result, for a given compound, in significantly differing detonation products and amounts of heat release. However the resulting detonation velocities D and detonation pressures P obtained for the compound using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations are generally quite similar, with the Kamlet-Jacobs rules leading to the D and P that are, on average, closest to the experimental. The fact that the variations among the D and P values are relatively small can be attributed to a balancing of opposing effects relating to the quantities of gaseous products and the heat releases. Accordingly, obtaining reasonable accuracy for D and P does not necessarily imply corresponding accuracy for the product composition and heat release that were used. The analysis presented explains the observations that D and P can be correlated with loading density alone, even though product compositions are known to change with density.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 4; 459-474
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives
Autorzy:
Xiang, D.-L.
Rong, J.-L.
He, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358148.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
aluminized explosive
detonation pressure
detonation velocity
heat of detonation
KHT code
Opis:
The detonation performances of TNT-, RDX-, HMX-, and RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives were examined through detonation experiments. The detonation pressure, velocity, and heat of detonation of the four groups of aluminized explosives were measured. Reliability verification was conducted for the experimental results and for those calculated with an empirical formula and the KHT code. The test results on detonation pressures and velocities were in good agreement with the predicted values when aluminum (Al) particles were considered inert. The experimental heat of detonation values exhibited good consistency with the predicted values when a certain proportion of Al particles was active. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) can effectively reduce the detonation pressure and improve the heat of detonation for the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive. A comparison of the current test results and literature data shows that errors may exist in early test data. The test data presented in this study allow for an improved understanding of the detonation performance of the four groups of aluminized explosives.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 903-915
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)
Autorzy:
Künzel, M.
Matyáš, R.
Vodochodský, O.
Pachman, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
sensitivity
detonation velocity
melt cast
erythritol tetranitrate
Gurney velocity
Opis:
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s−1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s−1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm−3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors’ data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 418-429
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurements of the VOD of Selected Mining Explosives and Novel “Green Explosives” Using the Continuous Method
Autorzy:
Nikolczuk, Karolina
Maranda, Andrzej
Mertuszka, Piotr
Fuławka, Krzysztof
Wilk, Zenon
Koślik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonation velocity
emulsion explosives
hydrogen peroxide
MicroTrap™ System
Opis:
Explosive velocity, also known as detonation velocity or velocity of detonation (VOD), is one of the most important and basic parameters describing the properties of explosives. This work presents the VOD results of three different explosives. Two of the explosives were ammonium nitrate-based (straight emulsion and Heavy ANFO). The third explosive was based on hydrogen peroxide (HP). The aim of the experiments was to compare the VOD of the HP-based against the VOD of the ammonium nitrate-based explosives. The final conclusions and results of this preliminary work and the analysis of available literature show that HP-based explosives, so called “green explosives”, have the potential to successfully replace ammonium nitrate-based explosives in some applications. The results of this work will be used to develop production technology for new HP-based explosives and to find their possible applications, considering their environmentally friendly character (this novel formulation of explosive eliminates post-blast nitrogen oxide fumes (NOx), as a direct product of the detonation process). During the burning reaction, nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) are produced as a result of the use of bulk ammonium nitrate-based commercial explosives. Exposure to these toxic gases can have negative effects on the health and safety of personnel and the surrounding environment. The results obtained for the new emulsion explosives allow them to be used extensively in the industry as a competitive product on the market.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 3; 468-481
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent advances in the study of the initiation of energetic materials rusing characteristics of their thermal decomposition. Part I, Cyclic nitramines
Autorzy:
Zeman, S.
Yan, Q.-L.
Vlček, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358411.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
arrhenius parameters
detonation velocity
explosives
initiation
manometric method
nitramines
Opis:
Arrhenius parameters, Ea and log A, of 17 cyclic nitramines, derived from the Russian vacuum manometric method (SMM) and compatible thermoanalytical methods, have been used in this study. The detonation velocity, D, at maximum theoretical crystal density, of the nitramines in this study was taken as a characteristic of their detonation. On the basis of known relationships between their Ea and D2 values (modified Evans-Polanyi-Semenov equation), the specific influence of some physicochemical properties on their thermal decomposition was shown. A new logarithmic relationship was found between the rate constant k, of the unimolecular thermal decomposition of the nitramines studied at 230 °C, and their D values. A fundamental characteristic of this new relationship rests on the equivalency of the primary fission processes in the low-temperature thermal decomposition and on the detonation initiation of the nitramines under study. Both these relationships confirm the problems encountered in the kinetic specification of the thermal decomposition of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). These problems, and also the possible influence of the pre-decomposition states on the thermal decomposition of the nitramines studied, are discussed.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 173-189
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Perspectives on Estimating Detonation Properties of C, H, N, O Compounds
Autorzy:
Politzer, P.
Murray, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonation velocity
detonation pressure
density
enthalpy of formation
detonation product composition
explosives
Opis:
We have explored various aspects of the Kamlet-Jacobs equations for estimating detonation velocities and pressures. While the loading density of the explosive compound is certainly an important determinant of these properties, its effect can sometimes be overridden by other factors, such as the detonation heat release and/or the number of moles of gaseous products. Using a gas phase rather than solid phase enthalpy of formation in obtaining a compound's heat release can produce a signifcant error in the calculated detonation velocity. However a negative enthalpy of formation is not necessarily incompatible with excellent detonation properties. Additional evidence is presented to support Kamlet and Jacobs' conclusion that, for C, H, N, O explosives, assuming the detonation product composition to be N2(g)/H2O(g)/CO2(g)/C(s) gives overall quite satisfactory results.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 3; 209-220
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calculation of Thermochemical and Explosive Characteristics of Furoxanes
Autorzy:
Zhukov, I.
Kozak, G. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
furoxanes
benzofuroxanes
high-power energetic materials
heat of detonation
detonation velocity
detonation pressure
Opis:
Search of high-power energetic materials is one primary line of development of chemical physics of combustion and explosion. Yield of such materials is usually very small, and its cost is very high. Calculation of unknown characteristics and properties is the only way out from this situation. There are different methods today that allow calculating unknown detonation performance and some of physicochemical properties. Examination of calculated detonation performance of furoxanes and benzofuroxanes compounds that are not enough investigated is presented in this work. These compounds are new high-power energetic materials. Influence of error in enthalpy of formation of these compounds on their detonation performance is also examined in this work. Furoxanes plays particular part among energetic materials. They are convenient blocks of molecules of high-power energetic materials. Joining of explosiphorus clusters of atoms are lead to obtaining of number of high-performance compounds. It is caused by flatten structure of furoxane ring, that lead to high density of compounds and are characterized by high and positive value of enthalpy of formation. Detonation performance of furoxanes was not study practically. That is why 10 furoxanes have been chosen as object of study (see Nomenclature). 7 of 10 studied furoxanes have anomalous elemental composition, because they are hydrogenfree. In order to evaluate possible error in computational detonation performance, explosive characteristics of 6 hydrogen-free energetic materials with known experimental data have been calculated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 3-4; 45-54
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Simple and Reliable Method for Predicting the Detonation Velocity of CHNOFCl and Aluminized Explosives
Autorzy:
Keshavarz, M. H.
Zamani, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951480.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
decomposition reaction
heat of detonation
detonation velocity
CHNOFClAl explosive
loading density
Opis:
A reliable method is introduced for predicting the detonation velocity of CHNOFClAl explosives through suitable decomposition paths. The predicted decomposition products are used to estimate the heat of detonation (decomposition) and the detonation velocity. For non-ideal aluminized explosives, the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocities are significantly different from those expected from existing thermodynamic computer codes for equilibrium and steady state calculations. The predicted detonation velocities give more reliable results for CHNO explosives than one of the best available empirical methods over a wide range of loading densities. The new model provides better agreement with respect to experimental values for aluminized explosives than the computed results from the BKWS equation of state using full and partial equilibrium of aluminium.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 1; 13-33
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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