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Tytuł:
Possibility of gradual rips of the Universe structures
Autorzy:
Jacyna-Onyszkiewicz, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Universe
dark energy
quintessence
phantom dark energy
big rip
Opis:
According to a recently published data obtained by the space probe WMAP, as much as 72% of the Universe energy density is the dark energy of the state equation parameter w from – 1.29 to – 0.75. The dark energy of w < – 1 has been named the phantom dark energy as this value w implies the breaking of the Universe structures in a finite time tR. The phantom dark energy rips apart the Milky Way, the solar system, the Earth and ultimately the molecules and atoms of which we are composed, before the time tR.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2009, 2
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciemna energia problemem kosmologii XXI wieku
The Dark Energy as a Problem of the Cosmology in XXI Century
Autorzy:
Szydłowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
ciemna energia
kosmologia
dark energy
cosmology
Opis:
The current cosmological observations of distant supernovae type Ia suggest the existence of dark energy component with negative pressure. The most obvious candidate for this dark energy is the cosmological constant which raises several theoretical difficulties. The problem of dark energy, due to our Universe is accelerating at present in principle is open. We argue that this problem will dominate the cosmology in XXI century. From the philosophical point of view it is interesting to provide evidence and comments for the key issues related to the dark energy models just at the moment before scientific revolution.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2005, 53, 2; 217-235
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polytropic Tachyon Scalar Field Model in 5-dimensional Universe
Autorzy:
Korunur, M.
Salti, M.
Aydogdu, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Extra dimension
cosmology
dark energy
scalar field
Opis:
Recent astrophysical observations show that the universe has entered a late-time accelerated expansion period. It is commonly accepted that the dark energy is responsible for this enigmatic behavior of our universe, because it makes up about 70 percent of the content of our universe and dominates over the matter part. Therefore, the dark energy will govern the speedy enlargement and determine the fate of our universe. Another interpretation of the dark energy is that this is a new kind of dynamical field or fluid, something mysterious which fills all of space but something whose influence on the accelerated enlargement nature of our universe is the opposite of that of baryonic matter and ordinary energy. Here, we focus on the polytropic gas unified dark matter-energy model in a 5-dimensional cosmology to reconstruct tachyonic scalar field proposal of the dark energy. It is known that the background dynamics of the polytropic gas is equivalent to that one for the dark energy interacting with the dark matter. On the other hand, using scalar field is one of the most significant methods helping us to understand the dark universe. There are many scalar field proposals, but generally it is hard to get exact relations for the scalar field function and its self-interacting potential. In this work, making use of the 5-dimensional Polytropic gas model, we calculate exact relations for the tachyonic scalar field. After that, we discuss our theoretical calculations graphically in order to interpret our theoretical results in a different way.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 115; 138-148
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O naukowych i filozoficznych implikacjach problemu brakującej masy
On the Scientific and Philosophical Implications of the Missing Mass Problem
Autorzy:
Pabjan, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
Missing Mass Problem
dark matter
dark energy
cosmology
philosophy of physics
Opis:
The article deals with the so called missing mass problem which during the last three decades has become one of the most serious difficulties in physics. There is some strong empirical evidence that the Universe contains not only matter that can be seen (by telescopes or radio telescopes) but the huge quantities of the unseen matter as well. The ordinary matter known to physics is but a small part of all matter the Universe is composed of. The missing mass is supposed to be in the form of the dark matter and the dark energy. In the paper the arguments in favor of the existence of these two entities are outlined, and some scientific as well as philosophical implications of the missing mass problem are discussed. It is argued that all the proposed solutions of this problem lead to serious changes in the scientific and philosophical worldview.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2014, 54; 5-37
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizm naukowy a hipoteza ciemnej materii i ciemnej energii
Scientific Realism and the Hypothesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Autorzy:
Pabjan, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38429416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
scientific realism
anti-realism
half-realism
dark matter
dark energy
missing mass problem
Opis:
One of the essential aspects of the dispute between scientific realism and anti-realism is the question of the ontological status of unobservable objects assumed by scientific theories and models. Scientific realism claims that these objects exist in the natural world, while anti-realism denies this. The missing mass problem is a good example of an issue that requires that this question be resolved. In cosmology, this problem is solved by assuming the presence of dark matter and dark energy. The difficulty, however, is that experience does not provide direct evidence for the existence of these two „substances.” In the first part of the article, the differences between scientific realism and anti-realism are discussed. In the second and third parts, the problem of the missing mass is presented (special attention is paid to the difficulties with the empirical confirmation of the existence of dark matter and dark energy). The fourth part of the article discusses the arguments of the supporters of half-realism, which is a kind of compromise between scientific realism and anti-realism.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 3; 51-69
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic Quantum Vacuum and Relativity
Autorzy:
Fiscaletti, Davide
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
energy density of quantum vacuum, Sagnac effect, relativity, dark energy, Mercury precession.
Opis:
A model of a three-dimensional dynamic quantum vacuum with variable energy density is proposed. In this model, time we measure with clocks is only a mathematical parameter of changes running in quantum vacuum. Mass and gravity are carried by the variable energy density of quantum vacuum. Each elementary particle is a structure of quantum vacuum and diminishes the quantum vacuum energy density. Symmetry “particle – diminished energy density of quantum vacuum” is the fundamental symmetry of the universe which gives origin to the inertial and gravitational mass. Special relativity’s Sagnac effect in GPS system and important predictions of general relativity such as precessions of the planets, the Shapiro time delay of light signals in a gravitational field and the geodetic and frame-dragging effects recently tested by Gravity Probe B, have origin in the dynamics of the quantum vacuum which rotates with the earth.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AAA – Physica; 2016, 71
0137-6861
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AAA – Physica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Equalized mass can explain the dark energy or missing mass problem as higher density of matter in stars amplifies their attraction
Autorzy:
Czajko, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Equalized mass; complete total potential energy; dark matter/energy; missing mass
Opis:
In order to compare properties of celestial bodies regardless of their motions, their masses, which represent also their energy spent on resistance to forced motions, should be expressed with respect to the same (for all of them) material substance, such as water, for instance. Then their density of matter, which has been defined as the ratio of their actual mass/bulk to an equivalent mass of water, should also be taken into account even in the radial Newtonian law of gravitation. Such an equalized mass adheres to the Newton’s definition of “quantity of matter” as conjoined feature (i.e. product) of matter density and the bulk=mass of the body, even though he has never really operated on the notion so defined. The equalized mass conforms to the Einstein’s concept of mass as equivalent of energy, both of which vary with speed. Hence the product of equalized mass and density of matter can increase the radial gravitational force of very dense stars, easing the problem of the allegedly missing mass that pushes galaxies too far away according to former estimates of their masses and their distances. Besides the equalized mass, the need for which has emerged from presence of nonradial potentials acting along paths on equipotential surfaces in radial/center-bound force fields, the repulsive effects of the nonradial angular potentials can also amplify the regular/innate spins of stars, black holes and galaxies, eliminating thus the need for the so-called dark matter/energy invented just to explain the allegedly missing mass/energy.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 80; 207-238
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Antimatter in Hidden Dimensions: A Possible Origin of Dark Energy
Autorzy:
Reza, Moonzarin
Sarker, Sihab Uddin Mahtab
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Accelerated Cosmic Expansion
Anti-matter
Dark energy
Strong Nuclear force
Unobserved Dimensions
Opis:
This paper presents a possible origin of dark energy, which is believed to be the cause of accelerated expansion rate of the cosmos with the aid of superstring theory and the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. It proposes a model in which the antimatter, and particularly antiquarks, occupies the Calabi-Yau manifold in six dimensions and thus attracts the quarks via ‘gluons’. This phenomenon creates an illusionary vision. This paper also provides a conceivable explanation of the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the visible universe.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 116; 238-244
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Time at the Level of a High Speed Moving Object
Autorzy:
Spacey, John
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
General Relativity
Quantum Mechanics
astronomy
astrophysics
black-hole
cosmology
dark Matter and dark Energy
galaxies
gravity
negative space-time
Opis:
I think that far-away travels into Space are possible in the way that it is possible to find again people on our Earth, after the return of a very long travel into Space, not aged, like the people who have traveled inside the spacecraft. Current physics does not allow this and I have developed the following Theory which would thus complement the current Theory of General Relativity when we go to the limits of the reasoning. Current Theories like General Relativity or Quantum Mechanics are not impacted when the reasoning is not pushed to the limits. My reasoning at the limits just complements current Theories when the parameters take extreme values and thus the logic of current physics is respected.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2021, 153, 1; 1-42
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Granice fizyki w kosmologii
Limits of physics in cosmology
Autorzy:
Sokołowski, Leszek M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
physical cosmology
the notion of the Universe
dark matter and dark energy
falsifiability of quantum gravity
origin of the Universe
Opis:
The message is that physics has an „outward bound” of scientific inquiry in the field of cosmology. I present it in the historical development. Physics and astronomy, developing since the seventeenth century, inherited from the early Greek philosophers the conception that the Universe as a whole is invariable. In nineteenth century this conception in conjunction with the conception of eternity of the Universe (being a philosophical conclusion from the conservation laws of mass and energy) gave rise to contradictions with other laws of physics indicating that cosmology is not a branch of physics since the notion of the Universe is not a physical one. Cosmology returned to physics as its important branch due to the advent of general relativity theory and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Modern cosmology generates fundamental problems creating real limits to inquiries in physics viewed as an empirical science. The very notion of the Universe shows that the scientific method reaches there limits of its applicability. Does „to exist” mean „to be observed by someone”? Should the definition of the Universe be based on a current physical theory, e.g. on Einstein’s general relativity, giving rise to a kind of mathematical instability? Is the fashionable concept of the „multiverse” a physical one or is a purely metaphysical notion in a scientific disguise? If the Universe is unique (as we believe), is it meaningful to describe it in the framework of physics, which by its method always assumes that the number of objects it describes, is unlimited? Apart from these permanent philosophical problems there are concrete urgent problems generated by cosmology: the nature of dark matter and dark energy. These two species of „substance” appear only in cosmology and do not fit the laboratory physics; contrary to the three centuries long tradition of modern science, now cosmology inspires physics in a troublesome way. A separate class of limits to physics is generated by the theorem in general relativity that the Universe emerged from an initial curvature singularity of the spacetime. At the singularity the whole scientific inquiry breaks down. Cosmology of the very early Universe suggests that in its evolution two specific epochs took place, that of quantum gravity and an inflationary epoch. The underlying them two physical theories are incomplete and seem to be inherently untestable. Furthermore, the experimentally verifiable physics cannot explain the origin of the initial conditions determining properties of the Universe which emerged from the singularity.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2015, 59; 25-81
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przypadkowy Wszechświat: kryzys wiary w nauce
The Accidental Universe: Science’s Crisis of Faith
Autorzy:
Lightman, Alan P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
Tematy:
przypadek
fundamentalne zasady i parametry Wszechświata
subtelne zestrojenie
zasada antropiczna
ciemna energia
multiwersum
teoria wiecznej inflacji
teoria strun
accident
fundamental principles and parameters of the universe
fine-tuning
anthropic principle
dark energy
multiverse
theory of eternal inflation
string theory
Opis:
Historię nauki można postrzegać jako proces przemiany zjawisk niegdyś uważanych za przypadkowe w zjawiska pojmowalne w kategoriach fundamentalnych przyczyn i zasad. Ten długi i interesujący trend może dobiec końca. Spektakularny rozwój kosmologii sprawił, że niektórzy czołowi fizycy przyjęli pogląd, zgodnie z którym nasz Wszechświat jest tylko jednym z olbrzymiej liczby wszechświatów o bardzo różnych własnościach, a część najbardziej podstawowych cech naszego konkretnego Wszechświata jest zwyczajnie przypadkowa - jak losowy wynik rzutu kosmiczną kostką. W takim wypadku nie ma nadziei, że kiedykolwiek wyjaśnimy cechy naszego Wszechświata w kategoriach fundamentalnych przyczyn i zasad.
The history of science can be viewed as the recasting of phenomena that were once thought to be accidents as phenomena that can be understood in terms of fundamental causes and principles.This long and appealing trend may be coming to an end. Dramatic developments in cosmological findings and thought have led some of the world’s premier physicists to propose that our universe is only one of an enormous number of universes with wildly varying properties, and that some of the most basic features of our particular universe are indeed mere accidents — a random throw of the cosmic dice. In which case, there is no hope of ever explaining our universe’s features in terms of fundamental causes and principles.
Źródło:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2012, 9; 255-267
2299-0356
Pojawia się w:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current State, Challenges and Perspectives of Biological Production of Hydrogen in Dark Fermentation Process in Poland
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, Kamil
Lewicki, Andrzej
Malińska, Krystyna
Wei, Qiao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
renewable energy sources
biohydrogen
dark fermentation
wastes management
biogas plants
Opis:
The increasing demand for electrical energy and environmental concerns associated with conventional means of its generation drive the interest in alternative fuels. Biohydrogen, widely considered as fuel of the future, is one of such alternatives. To date, research results suggest that biological routes are the most promising for hydrogen production, especially dark (hydrogen) fermentation. Hydrogen fermentation can be performed with agricultural and food processing wastes as substrates. In this paper the most important factors influencing dark fermentation are reviewed and analyzed. These are: pH, partial pressure, temperature, and retention time. The biohydrogen generation efficiency is also presented with respect to different substrates. It should be also pointed out that many factors are still unknown; thus, the process requires conducting further research.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 2; 146-160
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kreacjonizm młodej Ziemi a koncepcja Big Bangu. Poglądy Johna Hartnetta z konstruktywistycznej i eksternalistycznej perspektywy
Young-Earth Creationism vs. Big Bang Theory: John Hartnett’s Views from the Constructivist and Externalist Perspective
Autorzy:
Jodkowski, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Filozofii
Tematy:
John G. Hartnett
kreacjonizm młodej Ziemi
teoria Big Bangu
mikrofalowe promieniowanie tła
ciemna materia
ciemna energia
rozszerzanie się Wszechświata
inflacja kosmiczna
eksternalizm i konstruktywizm w filozofii nauki
epistemiczny układ odniesienia
naturalizm
kultura
religia
young-earth creationism
Big Bang theory
microwave background radiation
dark matter
dark energy
expansion of the universe
cosmic inflation
externalism and constructivism in philosophy of science
epistemic framework
naturalism
culture
religion
Opis:
Dr John G. Hartnett, fizyk posiadający publikacje w czasopismach naukowych głównego nurtu, jest kreacjonistą młodej Ziemi i mocno sprzeciwia się teorii Big Bangu. Uważa on, że rozszerzania się przestrzeni, o czym mówi ta teoria, nie wykrywa się w laboratoriach. Wątpi on także, czy tak zwane promieniowanie tła ma kosmiczny charakter. Skłania się ku hipotezom, że promieniowanie to ma lokalne źródło. Także popularne w ostatnich latach idee ciemnej materii i ciemnej energii wydają mu się niewiarygodne. Uważa, że mają one ten sam status metodologiczny, co powstała w połowie dziewiętnastego wieku idea planety Vulcan. Hipotezy ciemnej materii i ciemnej energii mają uratować aktualnie utrzymywane teorie przed niezgodnością z uzyskanymi danymi obserwacyjnymi. W opinii Hartnetta wszystkie kłopotliwe dane empiryczne wyjaśnia Carmeliego teoria grawitacji bez odwoływania się jednak do takich fikcyjnych bytów jak ciemna materia i ciemna energia. Dr Hartnett przedstawia także wszystkie standardowe argumenty przeciwko idei kosmicznej inflacji na początku istnienia Wszechświata: nie istnieje mechanizm ani zapoczątkowania jej, ani później zatrzymania. Poglądy Hartnetta są ilustracją dla argumentów autora na rzecz konstruktywistycznego i eksternalistycznego rozumienia nauki. Przedmiotem teorii naukowej jest pewien konstrukt, a nie obiektywna rzeczywistość. Nauki nie można też pojmować jako neutralnego wysiłku poznawczego, gdyż jest ona mocno zależna od różnych presupozycji i czynników, w tym także o nienaukowym charakterze. Główną presupozycją jest tu tak zwany epistemiczny układ odniesienia.
Dr John G. Hartnett, a physicist with publications in mainstream science journals, is a young-Earth creationist who very fiercely opposes the Big Bang theory on a few levels. He claims that the expansion of space, needed by the theory, is not detectable in laboratories. He also expresses his doubts on the real nature of the cosmic background radiation, and is inclined to advocate that this radiation has a local source. Also, the ideas of dark matter and dark energy, so popular in the recent years, seem to him unreliable. For Hartnett, the abovementioned ideas have the same methodological status as the infamous idea of the planet Vulcan, created in the middle of the 19th century. Dark matter and dark energy are posited in order to save accepted theories that are incompatible with observational data. Hartnett claims that Carmeli’s theory of gravitation explains all the troublesome data without calling upon such fictitious entities as dark matter and dark energy. Dr Hartnett also presents all standard arguments against the idea of cosmic inflation in the beginning of the Universe: there is no mechanism of triggering and stopping the inflation. Hartnett’s views illustrate the author’s arguments for the constructivist and externalist understanding of science. A constructed entity, rather than the objective reality, is the subject of any scientific theory. Science need not be understood as a neutral research effort, because it is deeply dependent on various presuppositions and factors, including non-scientific ones. The so-called epistemic framework is the main presupposition here.
Źródło:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy; 2015, 12; 37-79
2299-0356
Pojawia się w:
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantitative Support for Borowski’s Theory of Gravitation
Autorzy:
Persinger, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Dark matter
gravitation
quantitative solutions
final epoch
planetary motions
space-energy relations
Opis:
The Borowski Theory of Gravitation (BTG) indicates that movements of mass such as planets through space are determined by differential pressures from dark matter. One of the consequences of the final epoch is that there would be no matter but only distance. Quantitative solutions indicate that the tensor to set universal average dark matter pressure equal to G, the gravitational constant, would require that the terminal length would be ~2.2∙1069 m or effectively identical to current estimates of energy equivalence of the universal mass. For the earth’s orbit the force from the dark pressure is the same order of magnitude as the force associated with the product of the planet’s mass and background free oscillations whose origins are still ambiguous. The convergences of solutions suggest that the BTG may reveal alternative interpretations and mechanisms for the role of gravitation in planetary motion.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 12; 67-71
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obliczanie i kształtowanie się spreadów na rynkach energii
Spreads in energy markets – calculation and development
Autorzy:
Krysa, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
rynek energii i surowców energetycznych
dark spread
Spark Spread
energy and fossil fuels market
Opis:
Spready na rynkach energii są wskaźnikami pozwalającymi oszacować przyszłe zyski wytwórców energii. W artykule przedstawiono sposób obliczania spreadów na rynkach energii w Europie Zachodniej, pokazano elementy wpływające na ich wysokość i zależności między nimi. Przedstawiono również sposób, w jaki strony transakcji na rynkach energii mogą dostosowywać wielkości produkcji posiadając wiedzę o kształtowaniu się spreadów. Wskazano na niezbędne elementy rynku, które decydują o możliwości wykorzystania spreadów w transakcjach terminowych. Analiza spreadów ma największe znaczenie w krajach, w których energia elektryczna pochodzi ze spalania różnych paliw kopalnych. W artykule przedstawiono dane z niemieckiego, największego europejskiego rynku energii, na którym wykorzystuje się spready do kalkulacji opłacalności produkcji energii.
Power stations’ gain depends on the type of fuel used to the production of energy. Spreads in the energy markets are indicators that allow to estimate the future profit from the sale of energy. In analyses of energy production profitability, the most commonly used are two types of spreads: dark spread for coal-fired power stations and spark spread for gas-fired power stations. Paper presents calculationmethods of spreads in the energy markets in Western Europe, as well as factors influencing their level and relationships between. Spreads volatility depends mainly on changes in market prices of electricity and fuel burned in power plants. Significant influence on spreads level has also CO2 emission allowances price. Paper presents the hypothetical way in which the parties to the transactions in energy markets can adjust the volume of production having knowledge about the spreads formation. The essential elements of energy market, that determine the possibilities of using spreads in the future, have been pointed out. The most important is the diversity of fuels burned in power plants in the country. There are listed several European countries, in which spreads analysis is used to help optimizing energy production from different sources. Data presented in the article come from German energy market.
Źródło:
Polityka Energetyczna; 2010, 13, 2; 281-292
1429-6675
Pojawia się w:
Polityka Energetyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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