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Tytuł:
$WO_3-Pd$ Structure in SAW Sensor for Hydrogen Detection
Autorzy:
Hejczyk, T.
Urbańczyk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1493196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
43.25.Fe
77.65.Dq
68.35.Iv
07.07.Df
Opis:
In the paper a new sensor structure for surface acoustic wave gas system is presented. A bilayer structure $WO_3-Pd$ thin films may be useful for hydrogen detection in low concentration in air. A bilayer sensor structure of tungsten oxide $WO_3$ with a very thin catalytic film of palladium on the top has been studied for gas-sensing application at room temperature (about 25°C) in surface acoustic wave system. The bilayer structure of $WO_3$ layers with a thickness of about 50 nm, 100 nm and 150 nm was made onto a $LiNbO_3$ Y-cut Z-propagating substrate by means of the vacuum sublimation method using a special aluminum mask. The vapor source consisted of commercially available $WO_3$ powder (Fluka 99.9%) and molybdenum heater. The thin palladium (Pd) layer (about 10 nm) was made separately on each $WO_3$ layer by means of vapor deposition in high vacuum. There have been investigated three structures: 50 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd, 100 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd and 150 nm $WO_3$ + 10 nm Pd in three canal surface acoustic wave system with reference oscillator. Numerical results obtained by analysis of the surface acoustic wave gas sensor model have been compared with experimental results.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 4; 616-620
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accuracy Analysis of the Box-Counting Algorithm
Autorzy:
Górski, A.
Drożdż, S.
Mokrzycka, A.
Pawlik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1408964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
05.45.Df
02.60.Gf
47.52.+j
Opis:
Accuracy of the box-counting algorithm for numerical computation of the fractal exponents is investigated. To this end several sample mathematical fractal sets are analyzed. It is shown that the standard deviation obtained for the fit of the fractal scaling in the log-log plot strongly underestimates the actual error. The real computational error was found to have power scaling with respect to the number of data points in the sample $(n_{tot})$. For fractals embedded in two-dimensional space the error is larger than for those embedded in one-dimensional space. For fractal functions the error is even larger. Obtained formula can give more realistic estimates for the computed generalized fractal exponents' accuracy.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2012, 121, 2B; B-28-B-30
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Inclusive Performance Analysis of Single-branch Single-relay AF Transmission in a Mixed Rayleigh-Nakagami-m Fading Environment
Autorzy:
Benmahmoud, Slimane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
amplify-and-forward (AF)
decode-and-forward (DF)
two/dual-hop relaying
outage probability
ergodic capacity
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Opis:
In this paper, the end-to-end performance of a single-branch two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network in a mixed Rayleigh-Nakagami-m fading environment, is investigated. Four different fading scenarios and three standard relay configurations for each scenario are considered. Exact analytical expressions for the outage probability and tight upper bounds for the ergodic capacity are derived. Results of Monte Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 3; 39-48
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Infrared Sensor for Monitoring Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Autorzy:
Murawski, K.
Różycki, R.
Murawski, P.
Matyja, A.
Rękas, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.30.Sy
07.07.Df
42.30.Va
Opis:
Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the most common eye disorders observed in clinical practice. It applies to almost 50% of the population, especially people using contact lenses. It is believed that meibomian gland dysfunction is the most common cause of abnormal stability and integrity of the tear film. Despite this, there is no commercially available equipment for the diagnosis. The article proposes the construction of an optical sensor and a computer system for the rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction. The designed hardware and software as well as preliminary results of clinical research are also described.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 3; 517-520
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Investigation of the MIMO Space Time Block Code Based Selective Decode and Forward Relaying Network over η–µ Fading Channel Conditions
Autorzy:
Shankar, Ravi
Raman, V. V. Raghava
Rane, Kantilal Pitamber
Sarojini, B. K.
Neware, Rahul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
5G
MIMO
MRC
non-homogeneous fading channel
PEP
S-DF
SNR
Opis:
In this paper, we examine the end-to-end average pairwise error probability (PEP) and output probability (OP) performance of the maximum ratio combining (MRC) based selective decode and forward (S-DF) system over an η–µ scattering environment considering additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The probability distribution function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) expressions have been derived for the received signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and the moment generating function (MGF) technique is used to derive the novel closed-form (CF) average PEP and OP expressions. The analytical results have been further simplified and are presented in terms of the Lauricella function for coherent complex modulation schemes. The asymptotic PEP expressions are also derived in terms of the Lauricella function, and a convex optimization (CO) framework has been developed for obtaining optimal power allocation (OPA) factors. Through simulations, it is also proven that, depending on the number of multi-path clusters and the modulation scheme used, the optimized power allocation system was essentially independent of the power relation scattered waves from the source node (SN) to the destination node (DN). The graphs show that asymptotic and accurate formulations are closely matched for moderate and high SNR regimes. PEP performance significantly improves with an increase in the value of η for a fixed value of µ. The analytical and simulation curves are in close agreement for medium-to-high SNR values.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 1; 79--92
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Long Period Gratings in the Gradient Structures of Planar Waveguides
Autorzy:
Kotyczka, T.
Rogoziński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.70.Ce
81.20.Fw
07.07.Df
42.79.Gn
Opis:
This paper introduces the application possibilities of long-period waveguide gratings produced in gradient structures of planar waveguides and their possible usage as the detectors of changes in the refractive index. The influence of technological processes and corrugation's parameters on the resonant characteristics and transmission spectrum (obtained by the numerical simulations) of such structures was presented. The influence of changes in the refractive index of the environment on the transmission spectral characteristics was shown. The possibilities of sensor applications of such structures was presented as well. The calculations were performed for two types of gradient waveguides' structures: produced in BK7 glass with the use of $K^+$ ↔ $Na^+$ ion exchange and produced in soda-lime glass with the use of $Ag^+$ ↔ $Na^+$ ion exchange.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 3; 486-489
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Non-Steady Stage in SAW Gas Sensors with Semiconducting Sensor Layers
Autorzy:
Urbańczyk, M.
Hejczyk, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1493326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
07.07.Df
43.25.Fe
68.35.Iv
77.65.Dq
Opis:
The profile of the gas concentration in the sensor layer can be expressed as a polynomial function involving the diffusion coefficient $(D_{K})$, semiconductor film thickness (h), rate constant (k), gas concentration outside the semiconductor film $(C_{S})$. Before reaching a steady state of the concentration profile, its behavior depends on a few factors as the distance from the piezoelectric surface, the rate constant, the thickness of the layer and the diffusion constant and time. We are going to simulate temporary processes in the semiconductor sensor film in the surface acoustic wave gas sensor system and to describe the influence on relative changes of the surface acoustic wave velocity. The numerical results basing on the code written in Pyton, are described and analyzed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 4; 789-793
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Responses of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures to Nitrogen Dioxide
Autorzy:
Procek, M.
Pustelny, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
82.47.Rs
07.07.Df
Opis:
The paper concerns analyses of the nanostructures based on metal-oxide semiconductors, such as titanium dioxide $(TiO_2)$ and zinc oxide $(ZnO)$ exposed to nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ in an atmosphere of dry and humid synthetic air. The investigations were performed at a rather low temperature amounting to 120°C. The responses of sensors differing in the morphology of their structures have been compared. Also the time of their responses were compared with each other. The paper describes theoretically changes in the effective resistance of these structures due to the interaction of the gas. The presented results are being discussed based on the analysis of physical and chemical phenomena.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 3; 529-533
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical Model of Semiconductor Sensor Layers in SAW Gas Sensors
Autorzy:
Hejczyk, T.
Urbańczyk, M.
Jakubik, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1506790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.65.Dq
68.35.Iv
07.07.Df
Opis:
In the paper a new theoretical model for analyzing a surface acoustic wave gas sensor is presented. Basing on the electric load of the piezoelectric acoustic line the effect of surface acoustic wave velocity changes vs. surface conductivity is predicted which depends on the profile concentration of gas molecules diffused into the porous film. Inside the sensor layer Knudsen's model of gas diffusion was used.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2010, 118, 6; 1148-1152
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anderson Localization in Quantum Chaos: Scaling and Universality
Autorzy:
García-García, A. M.
Wang, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.15.Rn
71.30.+h
05.45.Df
05.40.-a
Opis:
The one-parameter scaling theory is a powerful tool to investigate Anderson localization effects in disordered systems. In this paper we show that this theory can be adapted to the context of quantum chaos provided that the classical phase space is homogeneous, not mixed. The localization problem in this case is defined in momentum, not in real space. We then employ the one-parameter scaling theory to: (a) propose a precise characterization of the type of classical dynamics related to the Wigner-Dyson and Poisson statistics which also predicts in which situations Anderson localization corrections invalidate the relation between classical chaos and random matrix theory encoded in the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture, (b) to identify the universality class associated with the metal-insulator transition in quantum chaos. In low dimensions it is characterized by classical superdiffusion, in higher dimensions it has in general a quantum origin as in the case of disordered systems. We illustrate these two cases by studying 1d kicked rotors with non-analytical potentials and a 3d kicked rotor with a smooth potential.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2007, 112, 4; 635-653
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Quantum Cascade Lasers in Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Detection
Autorzy:
Wojtas, J.
Bielecki, Z.
Stacewicz, T.
Mikolajczyk, J.
Medrzycki, R.
Rutecka, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1493346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
07.07.Df
42.25.Dd
42.55.Px
42.60.Da
42.62.Fi
Opis:
Application of quantum cascade lasers in NO and $N_2O$ sensor is described. Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy was used for this purpose. The detection was performed at vibronic molecular transitions in spectral regions of 5.23-5.29 μm and 4.46-4.54 μm for NO and $N_2O$, respectively. In order to avoid interferences by the gases contained in atmosphere $(H_2O, CO_2)$ the lines of 5.263 μm for NO and 4.530 μm for $N_2O$ were selected. Our two channel sensor is designated for simultaneous detection of both compounds. Each channel consists of single mode quantum cascade laser, optical cavity, and a photodetection module. The lasers were precisely tuned to the wavelength of interest. Optical cavities were built with spherical mirrors of high reflectance. The signals from the cavities outputs were registered with specially developed low noise detection modules.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 120, 4; 794-797
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asymmetry in the Subsequent Movements Proportions of Share Prices Included in the WIG
Autorzy:
Szmagliński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
05.45.Df
05.45.Tp
89.65.Gh
Opis:
The intraday data of stock prices allow us to collect in the form of histogram the subsequent movements' proportions in price and time. Here we continue the previous work [Acta Phys. Pol. A 123, 621 (2013)], concerning the properties of subsequent price movements' proportions in the opposite directions and proportions of subsequent price movements in the same direction. Here we distinguish between the proportions with growing and decreasing second price movement in the proportion. We investigate quantitatively the effect of breaking the turning point of resistance and support levels depending on the percentage size of price movements. In the same way we treat the main peak in the histogram for the equal subsequent price movements.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 127, 3A; A-136-A-138
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beam Propagation in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Autorzy:
Strinic, A. I.
Belic, M. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.65.Tg
42.65.Sf
42.70.Df
Opis:
We investigate the behavior of beams propagating in nematic liquid crystals. A spatiotemporal model for the beam propagation and the director reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal is treated numerically in three spatial dimensions and time. We demonstrate the formation of stable solitons in a narrow threshold region of beam intensities for a set of fixed parameters and display soliton breathing. Below the threshold region the beams diffract, above the region spatiotemporal instabilities are observed, as the input intensity and the optical and static permittivity anisotropies of the liquid crystal molecules are increased. We demonstrate the filamentation of solitons above the threshold with increasing input intensity.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2007, 112, 5; 877-883
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beam Propagation Method for Liquid Crystal-Core Optical Fiber Waveguides
Autorzy:
Szymańska, A.
Woliński, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2008241.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.70.Df
42.81.Qb
42.81.Dp
Opis:
Propagation effects in liquid crystal-core optical fiber waveguides were investigated and simulated by means of beam propagation method. Spatial propagation beam distribution for anisotropic liquid crystal fibers was defined by using BPM_CAD software package (courtesy of Optiwave Corporation). The field intensity was related to the refractive index of core at the liquid crystal fiber in two different waveguide configurations: planar and radial, whereas the number of the propagating modes was calculated. Numerical results were compared with some experimental data formerly obtained.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1999, 95, 5; 761-766
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilayer Structures of $NiO_{x}$ and Pd in Surface Acoustic Wave and Electrical Gas Sensor Systems
Autorzy:
Jakubik, W.
Urbańczyk, M.
Maciak, E.
Pustelny, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1795797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
43.25.Fe
77.65.Dq
43.35.Pt
68.35.Iv
07.07.Df
Opis:
A bilayer sensor structure of nickel oxide $NiO_x$ ( ≈ 60 nm) with a very thin film of palladium (Pd ≈ 18 nm) on the top, has been studied for gas-sensing application at relatively low temperatures of about 30°C and 60°C. The bilayer structure was obtained by rf sputtering and by vacuum deposition (first the $NiO_{x}$ and then the Pd film) onto a $LiNbO_{3}$ Y-cut Z-propagating substrate, making use of the surface acoustic wave method, and additionally (in the same technological processes) onto a glass substrate with a planar microelectrode array for simultaneous monitoring of the planar resistance of the layered structure. Such a bilayer structure was investigated in a low concentration range (from 50 ppm to 400 ppm in air) of nitrogen dioxide $(NO_{2})$, carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia $(NH_{3})$ in a dry and wet air atmosphere and in a medium hydrogen concentration (1-2.5%) in dry air. The $NiO_{x}$ and Pd bilayer structure interact rather weakly with $NO_{2}$ molecules but with CO and $NH_{3}$ this interaction is much greater, especially at higher temperature ( ≈ 60°C). The hydrogen sensitivity is on the medium level, not exceeding 600 Hz (relative change in the differential frequency of ≈ 2.3%) at interaction temperature of 35°C.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 3; 315-320
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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