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Tytuł:
Zapobieganie przestępczości w planowaniu przestrzennym
Crime prevention in urban planning
Autorzy:
Paradowski, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-29
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
przestępstwo
studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zapobiegania przestrzennego
miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego
CPTED – Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
osiedle
przestrzeń publiczna
prewencyjne prawo administracyjne
crime
study of conditions and directions of spatial prevention
local spatial development plan
housing estate
public space
preventive law of administration
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł porusza tematykę dotyczącą zapobiegania przestępczości w planowaniu przestrzennym. We wstępie wskazuje na rozumienie bezpieczeństwa w ujęciu socjologicznym i prawnym. Następnie precyzuje istotę i znaczenie aktów planistycznych w sferze zapobiegania przestępczości. Omawia też prewencyjne prawo administracyjne oraz założenia programu CPTED w zapobieganiu przestępczości. Opracowanie zawiera krótkie podsumowanie.
This article presents issues the prevention of crime. In the introduction, it’s creates to the understanding of security in sociological and legal terms. Then, it’s indicates the essence and importance of planning acts in the sphere of crime prevention. Further, it’s discusses preventive law of administration and rules of the CPTED program in crime prevention. The elaboration has short summary
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2020, 3, XX; 153-166
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapobieganie przestępczości w kontekście konstytucyjnych postanowień dotyczących polityki zatrudnienia
Crime Prevention in the Context of Constitutional Provisions Relating to Employment Policy
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38951525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
polityka zatrudnienia
zapobieganie przestępczości
zabezpieczenie społeczne
prawo do informacji
prawo do minimalnego wynagrodzenia za prace
Polish Constitution
employment policy
crime prevention
social security
right to information
right to minimum remuneration for work
Opis:
This article presents the provisions of the Polish Constitution on employment policy and the potential that these provisions have in preventing crime. It discusses the role played by constitutional provisions in crime prevention concerning: a) conducting an antiunemployment policy; b) the right to minimum remuneration for work; c) work being protected by the state; d) social security of persons unable to work; e) right to information about the work of public officials. The analysis of the regulations of the Polish Constitution mentioned above was made not only from the standpoint of prevention of crime for the first time, but also in terms of combating recidivism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL; 2010, 6, 1; 23-35
1896-6365
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapobieganie przestępczości cudzoziemców w Polsce
Preventing the Perpetration of Criminal Offences by Foreign Nationals Residing in Poland
Autorzy:
Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zapobieganie przestępczości
cudzoziemcy
kryminologia
preventing
delinquency
crime
criminal offences
foreign nationals
prevention
Opis:
It has been for several decades now that criminological literature has addressed the issue of crime prevention in societies. Helena Kołakowska-Przełomiec argued in 1984: “While trying to formulate a definition of crime prevention, on no account should we disregard the fact that a criminal offence may be committed only by an individual who lives in a certain specific setting, in a society. Crime prevention can therefore be associated with the conditions of the external world in which a person lives, the constraints of social interactions, interpersonal relations, as well as with the person’s own identity, selfdevelopment, lifetime experience, attitudes, aspirations, and the scope of individual activities. Accordingly, crime prevention may be associated with all that effectively makes up the fabric of an outside world in which the person lives, with the overall diversity of human activity, groups of people, and individuals. Indeed, such activity may be closely linked to crime prevention, or only indirectly related to it, or it may also be very far removed from crime prevention. Crime prevention may also exist objectively, without any human activity linked to it whatsoever (e.g. in a mountainous area devoid of roads it is effectively impossible to commit traffic offences).” The author formulated the following definition: “crime prevention is construed as any and all actions which might lead, be that directly or indirectly, to inhibiting the incidence of criminality at large, of criminal offences, and the development of criminal phenomena all over the world.” Ten years later, another definition of crime prevention was proposed by Janina Czapska: “crime prevention should to be construed as all measures aimed at reducing the overall crime incidence and load, either by limiting the circumstances conducive to committing criminal offences, or by exerting an impact on a potential perpetrator, as well as on all members of a society.” In a document of 2002 promulgated by the UN Economic and Social Council, crime prevention is construed as a set of policies and measures that “seek to reduce the risk of crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including the fear of crime.” Modern Europe is a world of people who keep migrating, moving between countries. The presence of foreign nationals (i.e. those who are not the nationals of a particular country) in each of the EU Member States is a natural phenomenon, as they are the EU citizens and the third-country nationals. Criminal offences committed by foreign nationals are also natural enough, from random offences to fully premeditated ones, from minor offences to serious crimes, from common offences to criminal offences specific to foreign nationals in a particular country and during a specific period, committed under certain social, economic and political conditions. In Poland, police crime statistics have taken due note of foreign nationals as suspects since 1984. The proportion of foreign nationals to suspects in total in the period spanning 1984–1988 ranged from 0.1% to 0.5%. This proportion increased throughout the 1990s, from 0.8 in 1991 to 1.8% in 1996, and then to 2.02% in 1997. A decrease in this proportion was noted – 1.6% in 1998, 1.3% in 2000, 0.67% in 2004, and 0.43% in 2012. Foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century come from 61 countries. 30% of them are EU citizens. The most numerous are citizens of Germany, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. Foreign nationals from non-EU countries constitute 70% of all foreign national suspects, among which the most numerous come from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Armenia. In short, foreign nationals suspected of committing criminal offences in Poland originate from the neighbouring countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Lithuania, and Russia. The overall picture of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century is as follows: a negligible share of foreign suspects in the human crime category, a high proportion in the specific offences category, i.e. driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, whereupon, in the absence of a natural person victim, the only ‘aggrieved’ party is public order, i.e. road traffic safety. The high share of foreign suspects in the offences against the credibility of documents means that foreign nationals who hold residence in Poland, or who enter Poland, make use of forged IDs or travel documents. The overall picture that emerges from the police crime statistics still needs to be supplemented by such rare events as terrorist crime, crime committed in organized groups, or hard to detect crimes, e.g. illegal cigarette or illicit drug manufacturing. In line with the definitions cited above, with regard to each particular type of criminal offence committed by foreign nationals, an appropriate strategy needs to be determined. In each individual case and for each type of crime a separate listing of crime risk factors should be compiled. Smuggling (duly registered by the Customs Service) seems one of the ‘favourite’ types of a criminal offence committed by foreign nationals in Poland (even though Polish nationals also perpetrate this kind of crime). Smuggling takes place both at border crossings and elsewhere, along usually rather desolate, woodland areas straddling a state border, not subject to heavy patrolling by border guard troops. Moving contraband across the border stands to bring substantial profits to all parties involved. In 96% of cases, the contraband commodity of choice are the tobacco products. Foreign nationals are also registered in Poland as the perpetrators of business-related crimes: criminal offences aimed at obtaining material benefits at the expense of other parties involved in business activity. Judicial statistics indicate that foreign nationals are convicted for breaching the Industrial Property Act, including its provisions pertaining to trademark protection, followed by offences under the Copyright and Related Rights Act; here, for the most part, crimes involve illicitly replicated software, music, and movies on the market. The perpetrators of these offences are mostly Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Armenian, Slovakian, and Georgian citizens. In the area of business crime, organized criminal groups appear to dominate. As may be gleaned from the case records, most groups dealt with violations of the trademark protection provisions, copyright, money counterfeiting, capital fraud, including bank loan fraud, offences related to ATM cards and Internet accounts, followed by insurance fraud and the offences related to trading in liquid fuels. The groups comprised criminals from nearly 20 nationalities, mostly from Bulgaria, Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine, and Armenia, and less frequently the citizens of the UK, Vietnam, China, Moldova, and Georgia. In the period spanning 2015–2016, a brand-new type of crime was uncovered, i.e. professionally organized illicit manufacture of cigarettes in Poland. The report on the status of national security in Poland for 2014 draws attention to the involvement of foreign nationals in criminal activities. Tax fraud committed by foreign nationals from EU countries appears to be on the rise. Foreigners register business ventures in Poland and then proceed to abuse the Polish tax system with a view to benefiting from undue VAT refunds. Combating business crime, as referenced in the Report, requires fostering closer cooperation between various departments, authorities, and statutory bodies involved in preventing and combating crime. This approach has already spawned a government programme for the prevention and combating business crime for 2015–2020, in which the key principles of the actual action plan have been laid down. Research on organized crime groups, including those involving foreign nationals, reveals that all groups intended to profit from criminal activities, were managed by strong leaders, with ethnicity being of much lesser importance in their operations. They are mobile, moving both across the territory of Poland and beyond its borders. Organized crime groups involving foreign nationals are multi-disciplinary; they are involved in drug-related offences, business crime, and other types of criminal pursuits. Variability in the actual type of criminal activity pursued is always dictated by the principal objective – the achievement of material gain. Prevention and combating terrorist threats in Poland is provided for in the National Counter-Terrorism Programme for 2015–2019. There is no single system for preventing and combating crimes committed by foreign nationals, and hence we are not going to formulate its objectives here. Prevention, i.e. the identification of risk factors for criminal offences committed by foreigners, may be pursued in relation to a particular type of crime committed at any one time (types of criminal offences vary over time). Combating or controlling the criminal behaviours of foreign nationals, to express it in modern lingo, may be pursued through obtaining adequate insight into the actual aetiology of various kinds of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals, and an appropriate penal policy.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 5-13
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zagrożenie placówek szkolnych i uczelni atakami zabójców masowych (defi nicje, etiologia, prewencja)
The threat of mass killer attacks (definitions, aetiology, prevention) at schools and universities
Autorzy:
Borkowski, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/556770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
terroryzm
prewencja kryminalna
bezpieczeństwo szkół
zabójstwo masowe
strzelanina
terrorism
crime prevention
school security
mass murder
mass shooting
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki masowych zabójstw, w tym masakr szkolnych, strzelanin w placówkach szkolnych i uczelniach, i zaprezentowanie statystyk tego rodzaju przestępczości. Ze względu na motywy sprawców należy odróżnić zamachy stricte terrorystyczne od ataków zamachowców-szaleńców. W pierwszym przypadku szczególne okrucieństwo w wyborze ofiar ma wywołać wstrząs opinii publicznej i zwrócić uwagę na polityczne cele terrorystów. W drugim – motywy sprawcy są wyrazem zemsty za nieudane życie frustrata, który zamachem z bronią palną w ręku chce „ukarać społeczeństwo”. Artykuł podejmuje też refleksję nad stosowaną w literaturze przedmiotu siatką pojęciową i przydatnością terminologii anglosaskiej w nauce polskiej. Zaprezentowana analiza zjawiska oraz rozważania nad możliwymi działaniami prewencyjnymi w zakresie zapewniania bezpieczeństwa placówkom szkolnym i uczelniom mogą posłużyć stosownym służbom i instytucjom w przygotowaniu działań w sytuacji kryzysowej.
The aim of the article is to present the problem of mass killings, including school massacres, shootings in schools and colleges and show the statistics of this type of crime. As far as the motives of the perpetrators are concerned, it is necessary to distinguish terrorist attacks from attacks of gunmen. In the first case, particular cruelty in the selection of victims is to shock public opinion and highlight the political aims of terrorists. In the second case the motive of the perpetrator is a revenge. A man frustrated with his life decides to „punish a society” with a gun in his hand. The author’s intention is also to reflect on the conceptual framework used in the literature and usefulness of Anglo-Saxon terminology in Polish social sciences. The analysis of the phenomenon and reflection on possible preventive measures to ensure the safety of schools and universities can be used by the relevant departments and institutions to prepare for crisis situations.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2017, 2; 45-57
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ instytucji typu zamkniętego na funkcjonowanie społeczności lokalnej. Analiza na przykładzie Gostynina i Sztumu
Autorzy:
Sidor, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-21
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
National Center for the Prevention of Dissocial Behavior
sense of security
local community
prison
fear of crime
lęk przed przestępczością
zakład karny
Krajowy Ośrodek Zapobiegania Zachowaniom Dyssocjalnym
poczucie bezpieczeństwa
społeczność lokalna
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu jest wpływ instytucji zamkniętych – Krajowego Ośrodka Zapobiegania Zachowaniom Dyssocjalnym w Gostyninie i Zakładu Karnego w Sztumie – na rozwój miast, fnansów lokalnych, opinii o miejscowości i poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców. Artykuł zawiera teoretyczne opracowanie podstaw prawnych funkcjonowania KOZZD oraz pojawiających się wokół niego kontrowersji, analizę doniesień medialnych na temat badanych instytucji, a także metodologiczne podstawy i wyniki przeprowadzonych badań.
The subject of this article is the impact of closed institutions – the National Center for Prevention ofDissocial Behavior and the Penitentiary – on the functioning of the inhabitants of Gostynin and Sztum in terms of city development, fnances, opinions about the town and sense of security. The article contains a theoretical elaboration of the legal basis for the functioning of KOZZD and the controversies that arise around it, an analysis of media reports about the examined institutions, as well as the methodological basis and results of the research.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2020, 27; 63-92
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiktymologiczne zasady przeciwdziałania przestępstwom na Ukrainie
Victimological bases for prevention of crimes in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Міnchenko, Sergii
Dzhuzha, Anastasiia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-19
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
przeciwdziałanie
przestępczość
ofiara
wiktymologiczne zasady przeciwdziałania
Narodowa Policja Ukrainy
prevention
crime
victim
bases for prevention from the victimological perspective
the National Police of Ukraine
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi kompleksową analizę wiktymologicznych działań prewencyjnych, podejmo-wanych przez jednostki Narodowej Policji Ukrainy. Zdefiniowano i wyjaśniono w nim zna-czenie jej socjalno-prawnego statusu w państwowym mechanizmie zapobiegania przestęp-stwom. Autorzy zaproponowali strukturę podmiotów przeciwdziałania przestępstwom oraz zaakcentowali to, że poważnym subiektem tej działalności jest Narodowa Policja Ukrainy.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2018, 32; 169-180
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
VÝCHOVA A PREVENCIA MLADISTVÝCH VO VZŤAHU KU KRIMINALITE A ICH VÝZNAM
Autorzy:
Renáta, Ďurkechová,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Crime
juvenile delinquency
teen
youth
social deviance
education
prevention
legal awareness
Opis:
Seminar work titled Education and prevention of juvenile crime in relation to its importance and analyzes the current situation of this issue with respect to both domestic and foreign literature. Seminar paper defines the various fundamental concepts such as crime, juvenile delinquency and the concept of socio-ethical, criminal law and sociology. It deals with the resolution of label youth, juvenile, child of criminal and sociological perspective. Finally, it highlights the importance of education and the prevention of juvenile crime in relation to the level of legal awareness to adolescents.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 15; 63-79
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Východiská pre bezpečnosť detí v prostredí internetu
Background for Child Safety in the Internet Environment
Autorzy:
LOŠONCZI, Peter
MESÁROŠ, Marián
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:
internet
deti
informačná bezpečnosť
kriminalita
prevencia
Internet
children
information security
crime
prevention
Opis:
Štúdia pojednáva o teoretických, legislatívnych a sociologických východiskách pre riešenie problematiky ochrany detí v prostredí internetu. Nástroje štátu a EÚ sú základným východiskom pre riešenie tejto problematiky, ktorá prerastá hranice štátov a regiónov. Vhodná štandardizácia tohto prostredia je nevyhnutnosťou pre ochranu detí a boja proti kriminalite na nich páchanej.
The study discusses the theoretical, legislative and sociological approaches for addressing the issue of child protection in the Internet environment. The tools of the State and the EU are an essential starting point for the solution of this problem, which goes beyond the borders of the States and regions. Appropriate standardisation of this environment is a necessity for the protection of children and the fight against crime committed against them.
Źródło:
Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne; 2016, 7(1)/2016; 163-173
2300-1739
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards safe campus environments through environmental design: two universities as case studies
Autorzy:
Coetzee, S.
Puren, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
CPTED
people-environment relationships
perception of safety
qualitative research
relacje między ludźmi a środowiskiem
poczucie bezpieczeństwa
badania jakościowe
Opis:
Universities are often considered to be safe sanctuaries. However, many higher education institutions have increasingly been confronted with crime and unrest. Violence and other crimes on campuses are currently an international concern. This paper reports on a study that investigated student’s perceptions of safety on two campuses namely Lahti University of Applied Sciences in Finland and the North-West University in Potchefstroom, South Africa. Theories from Environmental Psychology and Urban Planning are combined in this study in order to incorporate aspects of the individual, social setting and spatial environment. Increasing people’s safety help to optimise their experience of their environment and can in turn create an enabling context for people to flourish and improve their quality of life. The research followed a qualitative research approach. In this study, 21 participants from a Finnish university and 16 participants from a South African university were selected through purposive sampling. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews supported by visual data of the spatial environment. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed through qualitative content analysis. The literature and findings of the research both support that the spatial and social environment influences safety. It is therefore recommended that safe campus environments require a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to proactively develop a Comprehensive Safe Environment Plan (CSEP). From a planning perspective, students’ perceptions of campus environments’ safety may include the creation of compact dedicated campus areas, land uses, building placing and orientation, territoriality, landscaping, visibility, control over fear-inducing activities, maintenance, security measures and pedestrian orientated areas.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2016, 7, 4; 28-46
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The theoretical Basis for Criminological forecasting of Crime (with Russia Example)
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
crime
crime forecasting
crime prevention
Russian Federation
Opis:
The paper discusses the problems of criminological forecasting of crime. The analyses have been based on issues concerning theoretical foundations and assumptions of this process in Russia. Since it is a country with considerable socio-demographic, religious and cultural diversity, it must analyse, assess and monitor these territorial differences in crime and skilfully anticipate the changes taking place there. Russia is the country that already has experience in predicting the development of crime. Current Russian criminological literature has been used in the deliberations. The publication presents various definitions of criminological crime forecasting. Attention was drawn not only to the need to anticipate changes in criminal trends but also to the evolution of crime causes. The sources of information necessary to forecast this phenomenon have also been indicated. It has been emphasized that this is, in particular, knowledge about socio-economic and political transformations taking place in the country. The several stages and complexity of the forecasting process, as well as its result in the form of a crime forecast, have also been underlined. By presenting a number of forecasting objectives, its usefulness for the protection of the security of the state and its citizens have been emphasized. The basics of conducting research analyses in the form of three scientific methods (extrapolation, modelling, and application of criminological expertise) have been discussed, as well. The classifications of forecasting and the periods applied in practice have been presented. The above issues have been discussed on the basis of theoretical assumptions adopted by Russian criminologists. Attention has been focused on the most important issues for preventing and combatting crime. The considerations have confirmed the need to anticipate the development of crime.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 95-105
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role and importance of functioning institutions of justice in fighting crime
Autorzy:
Halili, Xhevdet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
institutions of justice
police
courts
prosecution
crime prevention and fighting
and human rights
Opis:
Justice authorities are one of the main pillars on which rests the basis of the functioning of most other institutions within a state. As is known the justice authorities, but that within their authority to have the preservation of public peace and order, have and fighting and preventing crime in general. Institutions that have special role in the fight against crime are numerous, but we have dealt only some of the key institutions involved in combating and preventing criminal phenomena in general and in particular in Kosovo. Ranging from the role of police in preventing and fighting crime as a phenomenon of harmful and dangerous to society then continued with the role and importance of the state attorney in fighting and preventing crime in Kosovo, to continue in the role and importance of courts in the prevention of crime. Also, is treated the protection of human rights in general within the legal system in Kosovo, addressing the issue of respect for human rights and the possible limits of institutions that have officials in respect to human rights in general.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2014, 10; 192-201
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sytuacyjne zapobieganie przestępczości
Situational Crime Prevention
Autorzy:
Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699050.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zapobieganie przestępczości
przestępczość
kryminologia
przestępca
crime prevention
delinquency
criminology
offender
Opis:
Disappointment in crime prevention based on the etiological approach led to a closer analysis of the circumstances of the offence, its physical conditions, and the resulting motivations of the offender. Whatever his inborn or socially acquired criminal predispositions, object and opportunity are necessary for an offence to take place. Advocates of the situational approach in criminology argue that a potential offender generally does not act on an impulse: instead, he more or less consciously analyses the situation and decides to commit the offence at a given time and place and against a given target. This is the basic assumption of situational crime prevention.             Situational crime prevention resolves itself into reduction or liquidation of the physical opportunity to commit an offence, and extension of the probability of apprehension of the offender. This can be done in three different ways.             First, the guard over the target can be extended or intensified, or the potential offender can be made to believe that, while dwelling in a given place, he is under incessant surveillance by the police or other competent persons, or by the inhabitants or users of a given object or area.             Second, the target can be made less open to crime: special circumstances make it less easily accessible (or completely inaccessible), and theft can no longer yield the expected profit to the offender. This procedure is called target hardening.             Third, various organizational steps can be taken that change the environment of crime: new ciercumstances arise and situation in which an offence might take place is changed.             The above three methods of situational crime prevention have different efficiency. Their actual efficiency depends on a variety of factors related to the methodology of the crime prevention program and to cultural conditions. As regards programs basied on increased surveillance, the most efficient are those which involve the local population who are allowed both passively to watch over their area of residence, and actively to participate in its protection.             What is considered a particulary effective method of situational crime prevention is target hardening where access to the target is made difficult through a variety of physical obstacles. Not as obvious is the efficiency of another target hardening measure where valuable objects are marked so as to make it difficult for the offender to gain by his theft and to increase the probability of his apprehension. Such measures, called operation identification, prove highly efficient in some countries but are next to ineffective in others. Thee ffects here depend largely on the efficiency of the police. Whith a low detection rate of thefts, the marking of objects cannot possibly yield the expected results.             It has been  found in studies of offenders’ processes of deciding that their decision to commit an offencis based on the factors that condition, first, the physical opportunity (access to the object) nad second, the offender’s safety. The idea of situational crime prevention has many followers who stress the relative easiness of the application of the suggested methods and their efficiency. The opponents argue that,while it many perhaps contribute to preventing definite offences at a definite time and place, situational crime prevention does not actually prevent crime. What it leads to is displacement of crime. The offence is committed anyway but perhaps in another time or place, by other means, or against another target. Despite all the reservations concerning displacement of crime, it msot be stated that situational crime prevention often proves effective; what is more, it requires neither prolonged programs nor entangled methods of manipulating society. Admittedly the offender is not reformed; yet a definite offence is not committed in a definite place, and the target remains safe. This makes situational prevention as important an element of crime prevention programs as the generally recognized social methods.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1994, XX; 7-20
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Štúdia pojednáva o teoretických, legislatívnych a sociologických východiskách pre riešenie problematiky ochrany detí v prostredí internetu. Nástroje štátu a EÚ sú základným východiskom pre riešenie tejto problematiky, ktorá prerastá hranice štátov a regiónov. Vhodná štandardizácia tohto prostredia je nevyhnutnosťou pre ochranu detí a boja proti kriminalite na nich páchanej.
Autorzy:
LOŠONCZI, Peter
MESÁROŠ, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/457022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
internet
deti
informačná bezpečnosť
kriminalita, prevencia
Internet
children
information security
crime
prevention
Opis:
The study discusses the theoretical, legislative and sociological approaches for addressing the issue of child protection in the Internet environment. The tools of the State and the EU are an essential starting point for the solution of this problem, which goes beyond the borders of the States and regions. Appropriate standardisation of this environment is a necessity for the protec-tion of children and the fight against crime committed against them.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2016, 7, 1; 130-137
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skupiska przestępstw mieszkaniowych w Szczecinie
Hot spots of residential crime in Szczecin
Autorzy:
Sypion-Dutkowska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Hot Spot
residential crime
crime prevention
hot spots
przestępstwa mieszkaniowe
zapobieganie przestępczości
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule dokonano wstępnej analizy skupisk przestępczości mieszkaniowej w Szczecinie w 2006 r., wyznaczając przestrzenne (wg osiedli) oraz czasowe (miesięczne i dobowe) hot spots (skupiska) przestępstw mieszkaniowych. Artykuł zawiera również rekomendacje CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) dotyczące zmniejszenia poziomu przestępczości oraz lęku przed zagrożeniem przestępczością.
The paper encloses the preliminary results of geographical analysis of crime in Szczecin. Using the GIS tools the spatial (according to 37 urban districts) and temporal (according to months and days) Hot Spots of residential crime in the year 2006, as well as 50% crime concentration area, were identified and presented on the maps and figures. Conclusively, based on the ideas of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, the recommendations for urban spatial and safety policy are formulated, aiming the crime prevention and reducing the crime fear.
Źródło:
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna; 2012, 20; 137-148
2353-1428
Pojawia się w:
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola prawa karnego w ograniczaniu patologii jako poważnego zagrożenia dla społeczeństwa XXI wieku
Role of criminal law in limiting pathologies as a serious threat to 21st century societies
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
patologia społeczna
zapobieganie przestępczości
społeczne uwarunkowania przestępczości
crime prevention
Opis:
The work discusses the phenomenon of social pathologies. The aim of the work is to show the threats it causes to the modern society which cause the need to limit the phenomenon with all measures available, including criminal prosecution. Discussion is presented from point of view of criminology and criminal law. The author emphasises that the problem of pathology in modern society is very important. One cannot deny that the notion of pathology is often used, even over-used. An analysis of pathology definition provided by the experts in this topic (A. Podgórecki, J. Wódz, A. Gaberle i J. Malec) leads to a conclusion that there is no common definition of the phenomenon. A review of opinions by doctrine representatives allowed to present a catalogue of the most common features of social pathology. These are: behaviours of individuals and groups, incompatibility of human behaviours with the system of norms in a given community, destructiveness and harmfulness of behaviours disturbing the functioning of a given community, dynamics of the phenomenon. Diversity of the listed features causes a question if all these elements are objective criteria to judge pathological phenomena. The presented discussion leads to a conclusion that listing such features is very difficult. It is related to fact that norms, opinions and values in societies change with time and that their judgements is characterised by subjectivism. Hence, because there occur objective and subjective criteria for judging the phenomenon of social pathologies, it is difficult to coin a common definition. As a result, the Author proposes to define pathology as “detrimental (both for the society and particular individuals) human behaviours which infringe a established system of social norms”. The study emphasises that pathologies are related to processes of undergoing social and economical changes hence the scope of phenomena defined as social pathologies has been changing over the years. Changes in the political, social and economic system were accompanied by changes in quantitative and qualitative changes in the characteristics of social pathology. At present, on can observe an increase in the number and the diversity of pathological behaviours. Apart from alcoholism, prostitution, suicide, illicit drug addiction, there appeared also other ones: addictions from prescribed drugs, television, computer, sex, gambling, eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia), activity of sects and subcultures, homelessness, begging, new forms of crime (e.g. organised crime). It should be noted that with years some behaviours defined as pathological lost this feature (e.g. mental illness) and some ceased to exist (parasitism, negative attitude to work). The causes of new pathologies’ emergence and development are rooted in the transformation which influenced almost all spheres of life: family, school, social and personal life of an individual.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 147-158
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 45

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