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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Problem związania sądu polubownego przepisami prawa materialnego
    Potential problems arising from subjecting a court of arbitration to the provisions of substantive law
    Autorzy:
    Knoppek, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    court of arbitration
    arbitration
    arbitrator
    subjecting a court of arbitration to legal provisions
    sąd polubowny
    sąd arbitrażowy
    arbitraż
    arbiter
    związanie sądu polubownego przepisami prawa
    Opis:
    Recently, opinions have been voiced in the doctrine of civil procedure that courts of arbitration should observe all provisions of substantive civil law in the same way as state courts of law. This view is incorrect and cannot be derived from the provisions of Part 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure or the provisions of the UNICITRAL Rules of Arbitration of 2010. Further, the very concept of courts of arbitration is that their decisions will be made taking into account mutual contractual obligations of the parties in dispute, the general legal principles, the principle of fairness and equity, and the established custom. What is more, these courts are not bound to follow any provision of substantive law, and must only respect the fundamental principles of the legal order (the public order clause). Thus, if parties are not happy with such a concept of a court of arbitration the should not subject their civil matters to their jurisdiction.
    W doktrynie procesu cywilnego pojawiły się opinie, że sądy polubowne (arbitrażowe) muszą przestrzegać wszystkich przepisów prawa cywilnego (prawa materialnego) na takiej samej zasadzie, jak czynią to sądy państwowe. Pogląd ten jest błędny, gdyż nie można go wyprowadzić ani z przepisów części piątej Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, ani też z postanowień Regulaminu arbitrażowego UNCITRAL z 2010 r. Poza tym sama idea sądów arbitrażowych polega na tym, że orzekają one na podstawie postanowień umowy, ogólnych zasad prawa, zasad słuszności i ustalonych zwyczajów. Nie są natomiast związane prawem materialnym, muszą jedynie respektować podstawowe zasady porządku prawnego (klauzula porządku publicznego). Strony, którym to nie odpowiada, nie powinny zapisywać swoich spraw cywilnych sądom polubownym.
    Źródło:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2014, 76, 1; 69-75
    0035-9629
    2543-9170
    Pojawia się w:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Legal and political implications The Republic of Philippines. The Republic of Philippines v. The Peoples Republic of China. 2016 case
    Autorzy:
    Gruszczyński, Krzysztof Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
    Tematy:
    Permanent Court of Arbitration
    arbitration
    United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
    China
    US
    Opis:
    The article analyzes The Philippines v. China arbitration case and its geopolitical implications for further bilateral relations between USA and China. Additionally, it examines the viewpoints of Chinese leaders. Term arbitration refers to a process in which a party submits a “dispute” to an unbiased, independent third party. Its main goal is to settle and conclude the disputes presented. The Permanent Court of Arbitration is an intergovernmental organization established in 1899 that designates arbitral tribunals to resolve disputes between and among nations. It is based in The Hague, Netherlands, and currently presides over the arbitration case. Philippines brought the case before the tribunal to dispute China’s claim of “indisputable sovereignty” over almost the entire South China sea through its “nine-dash line” claim. The five arbitrators were assigned to the Judge Thomas A. Mensah (President), Judge Jean-Pierre Cot, Judge Stanislaw Pawlak, Professor Alfred H. Soons, and Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum. It will be argued that China has had a bad relationship with all neighbors since 1974, when China used force against South Vietnam in the South China Sea in order to recapture the Paracel Islands and against a unified Vietnam in 1988 to seize Johnson Reef and five more features, massacring a party of Vietnamese flag-bearers. In 1994, China seized Mischief Reef unobserved and it took months before the world noticed. Until then, China was the only claimant to have no permanent presence in the area. There are already clear signs that China is using its military power to rebuke the arbitration. Admiral Wu Shengli, the Commander of the Chinese navy, just hosted the US Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral John Richardson, at the Chinese Navy Headquarters on July 18 2016, following the successful participation of Chinese warships in the major US RIMPAC exercise in the Pacific. He made clear that the militarization of China’s artificial islands will continue so that their defense corresponds to the “level of threats”. After a PLA Air Force patrol close to Scarborough Shoal made the headlines of most Chinese newspapers yesterday, a military spokesman announced that air patrols would become a regular occurrence now. The Tribunal issued its Award on July 16 2016 after several months of hearings and submission of documents. China was absent throughout the proceedings, refusing to recognize the case. The Tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the ‘nine-dash line The Spratly Islands and its many reefs are being claimed by China under its “nine-dash line” claim that covers nearly the entire South China Sea including parts of the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (hereafter referred to as EEZ). China insisted it has historic rights in asserting its ownership of the region believed to be rich in natural gas resources and also a vital trade route for international cargo ships The 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff was one of the factors that prompted the Philippines to file a case against China. Tensions between the two countries escalated when Chinese surveillance ships prevented Philippine authorities from apprehending Chinese vessels found poaching endangered Philippine marine species at the shoal. The dispute over maritime features in the South China Sea has been ongoing for decades prior and involved other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia. On January 23, 2013, the Philippine government (hereafter referred to as Manila) announced that it had initiated an arbitration case against the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the dispute settlement provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning a range of issues relevant to the ongoing sovereignty dispute in the South China Sea between the two nations.Manila’s case was submitted for arbitration to a five-judge panel formed under the “Settlement of Disputes” process contained in Part XV of UNCLOS and hosted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international treaty that defines the limits of a nation’s maritime sovereignty claims. This convention was ratified by both the Philippines and China. Under its provisions, areas within 200 nm from the country’s baselines would be part of the EEZ. UNCLOS states three basic maritime features: Islands under the sovereignty of a country are entitled to a 12 nm (approximately 22 kilometers) territorial sea and a 200 nm (approximately 370 km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The state may exclude foreign entities within its territorial sea and has the sole right to exploit resources found within the EEZ Since the initiation of the arbitration case, China has conducted several massive reclamation projects to turn submerged reefs into artificial islands capable of hosting military structures and equipment. The conclusion offers general thoughts on the larger implications of the findings for the management of maritime disputes involving China and especially U. S.-China security relations.
    Źródło:
    Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2016, 4(23); 45-65
    1898-0171
    Pojawia się w:
    Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Significance of the Permanent Court of Arbitration judgment of 12 July 2016 in the South China Sea Case no 2013–19 to selected issues of international law of the sea
    Autorzy:
    Karski, Karol
    Mielniczek, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1596309.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    the international law of the Sea
    the Permanent Court of Arbitration
    ‘military activities’
    Opis:
    South China Sea Arbitration case No 2013–19 was an arbitration case brought by the Philippines against China at the Permanent Court of Arbitration. As China did not accept the arbitration initiated by the Philippines, what significance can bear this PCA ’s judgment? The 501 pages-long award on such an important matter as adjudicated thereof contains a lot of new insights on international law of the Sea and related fields. In this case note, we highlight some of the most interesting legal issues addressed by the Court. First, we outline international legal norms applicable to each question. Then, we present how the Court interpreted them and applied to given circumstances of the case. After presenting final holdings on each of selected issues, we refer to opinions of legal scholars and jurists to indicate, how reasoning adopted by the Court may affect application of international law in similar cases.
    Źródło:
    Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2017, 20, 4; 107-123
    2083-4373
    2545-3181
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Iuris Stetinensis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Scenáre možného vývoja v Juhočínskom mori v reakcii na rozhodnutie stáleho arbitrážneho súdu
    The scenarios of the possible development in the South China Sea in response to Award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
    Autorzy:
    Žigray, Jozef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1937406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-10
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Čína
    Filipíny
    Stály arbitrážny súd v Haagu
    Juhočínske more
    China
    Philippines
    Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague
    South China Sea
    Opis:
    Nedávne rozhodnutie Stáleho arbitrážneho súdu v Haagu vo veci teritoriálneho sporu Filipín a Číny posúva vývoj v Juhočínskom mori do ďalšej etapy. Rozhodnutie nemá z pohľadu medzinárodného práva pre Čínu účinnosť, nakoľko ho neuznala a odmietla. Je však dostatočne silným impulzom pre reakciu priamo zainteresovaných strán sporov v SCS, nezainteresované štáty a medzinárodné organizácie, najmä ASEAN. Jedným z dôvodov očakávaných reakcií aktérov je ich rastúci záujem využívať sporné územia a priľahlé vody v prospech ich vlastného regionálneho rozvoja. Práca má za cieľ naznačiť scenáre vývoja regiónu SCS, dôležité z globálneho pohľadu a tým významné aj pre štáty EÚ.
    Recent decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague about territorial dispute between Philippines and China pushes the development in the South China Sea to the next stage. In terms of international law, this decision does not have an efficiency for China because China did not accept and rejected it. But it is sufficiently strong impulse for reaction of parties involved in disputes in the SCS, for outsiders as well as for international organizations, in particular ASEAN. One of the reasons for expected reactions of actors is their growing interest in using the disputed area and adjacent waters in favor of their own regional development. The work aims to outline scenarios for the development of SCS region which are important from global perspective and therefore for the EU too.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 24; 178-211
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sportowy Sąd Arbitrażowy jako przykład wykorzystania alternatywnych metod rozstrzygania sporu w prawie sportowym na szczeblu międzynarodowym
    The Court of Arbitration for Sport as an example of application of alternative dispute resolution measures in sport law at the international level
    Autorzy:
    Stodółka, Weronika
    Szymura, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/464596.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-08-31
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    Sportowy Sąd Arbitrażowy w Lozannie
    alternatywne metody rozwiązywania sporu
    arbitraż sportowy
    Międzynarodowy Komitet Olimpijski
    spory sportowe
    The Court of Arbitration for Sport
    alternative dispute resolution
    arbitration in sports
    International Olympic Committee
    disputes in sports
    Opis:
    The Court of Arbitration in Sport through its nearly 30-year history became a leading forum for resolving sport-related disputes at the international level. A broad spectrum of cases reviewed by CAS arbitrators include doping, remuneration, eligibility and nationality, and even validity of sports and broadcasting contracts, licenses or election of members of international sport federations. The exponential growth in the number of cases show not only the faith that many subjects of international sports law put in the correctness of the CAS awards, but also its position as an universal forum for resolving disputes within the international sports community and its role as a lawmaker in creation of lex sportiva – the common law of international sport.
    Źródło:
    Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu; 2016, 53; 34-43
    0239-4375
    Pojawia się w:
    Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jak profesor Oswald Balzer pomógł niechcący Węgrom zalegalizować zabór Doliny Białej Wody
    How Professor Oswald Balzer Accidently Helped Hungarians to Legalize the Annexation of the White Water Valley
    Autorzy:
    Matuszewski, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/4306120.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-04-25
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Oswald Balzer
    proces o Morskie Oko
    Dolina Białej Wody
    sąd polubowny
    międzynarodowy spór graniczny
    Trial for Morskie Oko
    Dolina Biała Woda (the White Waters Valley)
    Court of Arbitration
    International border dispute
    Opis:
    W 1769 r. Austria gwałtem przyłączyła do Węgier ziemie polskiego starostwa nowotarskiego, w tym Dolinę Białej Wody. W 1772 r. cesarzowa te same tereny zabrała Węgrom i przyłączyła do Austrii. Toczący się w XIX w. spór o austriacko-węgierską granicę w Tatrach został w 1902 r. rozstrzygnięty wyrokiem sądu polubownego. Trybunał uwzględnił niemal w całości żądania Austrii, ale równocześnie przesądził, na skutek upartych żądań austriackiego obrońcy, Oswalda Balzera, o pozbawieniu Galicji prawa do odzyskania zrabowanej przez Węgrów Doliny Białej Wody.
    In 1769, Austria had annexed by force the lands of the Polish starosty of Nowy Targ to Hungary, including the White Water Valley. In 1772 the Empress took back these territories from Hungary and attached them to Austria. The conflict over the Austro-Hungarian border in the Tatra Mountains, lasting throughout the nineteenth century, was settled in 1902 by an arbitration award. The Tribunal approved almost all of Austria’s demands, but at the same time it submitted to the stubborn demands of the Austrian defense attorney prof. Oswald Balzer, and decided to deprive Galicia of the right to regain the White Waters Valley, which had been forcibly seized by the Hungarians.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2023, 102; 91-99
    0208-6069
    2450-2782
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Literackie wyobrażenia pojedynków oraz sądów honorowych, obywatelskich i polubownych na ziemiach polskich w XIX i na początku XX w.
    Literary Images of Duels and Courts of Honour as Well as Citizens’ and Arbitration Courts on Polish Territories of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
    Autorzy:
    Janicka, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/924034.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    duel
    arbitration
    Court of Honor
    The Citizen Court
    arbitration tribunal
    Alternative Dispute Resolution
    Polish literature
    positivism
    Young Poland (modernism)
    satire
    Kornel Makuszyński
    Bolesław Prus
    Edward Lubowski
    Ferdynand Chotomski
    Opis:
    The present contribution depicts the specific forms of settling disputes on the Polish territories in the 19th and early 20th century as formed in the selected pieces of belles-lettres. The specific settling of disputes assumed above all the form of duels accompanied by honorary negotiations. To reach similar objective to so called courts of honour were employed as well as so called citizens’ courts that passed judgements on infamy of the Poles blamed for being dishonest in public affairs. Likewise, the arbitration courts were resorted to. They applied out-of-courts settlements of private disputes. The duels the honorary negotiations that were bound with them or the courts of honour were the most frequent literary motifs. At first the Polish writers, such as Ferdynand Chotomski and Edward Lubawski, depicted them in a satirical tone. However, Bolesław Prus created realistic images of duels, as well as Stefan Żeromski, who presented a true description of the citizens’ court. Kornel Makuszyński, in his turn, created a model image of the arbitration court. The detailed analysis made in the present contribution allow for the conclusion that literary texts can make up an interesting and valuable source in the research of legal historian.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2014, 7, 4; 573-592
    2084-4115
    2084-4131
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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