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Tytuł:
Principles of ‘Newspeak’ in Polish Translations of British and American Press Articles under Communist Rule
Autorzy:
Źrałka, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
translation
manipulation
Newspeak
censorship
communist Poland
Opis:
The paper analyses selected Polish translations of British and American press articles published in the magazine Forum in the years 1965 – 1989. In communist Poland, all such texts were censored before publication, which forced the translators to avoid content and language that could be banned by censors and to adopt a specific style of expression known as Newspeak. The paper lists the linguistic phenomena in the target language that represent features typical of Newspeak and identifies manipulative procedures which led to their occurrence, using a corpus of 25 English texts and their Polish translations.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2017, 15, 1; 97-118
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Encounters with Antisemitism
Spotkania z antysemityzmem
Autorzy:
Kamusella, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
antysemityzm
nieobecna obecność
Polska postkomunistyczna
PRL
wyparta pamięć
absent presence
antisemitism
communist Poland
post-communist Poland
repressed memory
Opis:
The Holocaust destroyed Jewish communities across Europe and in Poland. Subsequently, in the Soviet bloc, most Jewish survivors were expelled from or coerced into leaving their countries, while the memory of the millennium-long presence of Jews in Poland was thoroughly suppressed. Through the lens of a scholar’s personal biography, this article reflects on how snippets of the Jewish past tend to linger on in the form of absent presences, despite the national and systemic norm of erasing any remembrance of Poles of the Jewish religion. This norm used to be the dominant type of antisemitism in communist Poland after 1968, and has largely continued unabated after the fall of communism.
Zagłada zniszczyła społeczności żydowskie w Europie i w Polsce. Następnie w bloku sowieckim większość Żydów, która przeżyła, wygnano lub zmuszono do wyjazdu, a pamięć o tysiącletniej obecności Żydów w Polsce została całkowicie stłumiona. Artykuł ten, z perspektywy osobistej biografii badacza, stanowi zadumę nad tym, jak fragmenty żydowskiej przeszłości mają tendencję do trwania w formie nieobecnej obecności, pomimo systemowo-narodowej normy wymazywania jakiejkolwiek pamięci o Polakach religii żydowskiej. Norma ta była dominującym rodzajem antysemityzmu w komunistycznej Polsce po roku 1968. Po upadku komunizmu raczej nic się nie zmieniło w tym względzie.
Źródło:
Colloquia Humanistica; 2020, 9; 289-308
2081-6774
2392-2419
Pojawia się w:
Colloquia Humanistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Don’t Look Back, You Thief!’. Violence towards Convicted Criminals in Prisons in the Last Decade of Communist Poland
Autorzy:
Szczepanik, Renata
Cieślikowska-Ryczko, Angelika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
prison
confinement
penitentiary
late communist Poland (People’s Republic of Poland)
violence
biographical research
autobiography
Prison Service in (late) communist Poland
Opis:
This article seeks to reconstruct the victimisation of so-called ‘criminal’ prisoners at penitentiary facilities during the last decade of what was the People’s Republic of Poland (i.e. communist Poland). The introductory section outlines the context of the implemented and evolving penitentiary policy of the past years and the importance of the political system transformation for the organisation of the penitentiary system. The proposed analysis focuses on the violence experience in the relations of the convicted with the prison officers. The article describes the methods of building and reinforcing (inter)dependence relations founded upon various forms of violence – primarily, direct physical actions and the managing by the officers of poor social conditions that led to degrade and symbolically depersonalise the prisoners. The description, moreover, includes the strategies the inmates resorted to in dealing with the oppression they experienced. The analysis is based on interviews with multiple recidivists and autobiographical letters of prisoners who served time in the 1980s decade.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Produkowanie estetyk, produkowanie podmiotu. Początki odwilży i wolność twórcza w sztukach wizualnych na przykładzie wystawy w Arsenale
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909478.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
freedom of art in communist Poland
censorship
“thaw”
“Arsenał” exhibition
Opis:
In Polish art history, there are two approaches to the “Arsenał” exhibition of August 1955. One, rooted in the debates around it, presents the “Arsenał” as the beginning of a political “thaw” – an act of emancipation, a demonstration of young artists who rebelled against the socialist realism. The other approach to the show or, rather, to the “thaw” as a whole, rejects an interpretation of artistic processes and choices as autonomous activities. Instead, with reference to the theory of Michel Foucault, the “Arsenał” is considered as a result of a reconfiguration of scattered power relations, stimulated by the changing strategies of the institutional power system. The present paper follows the latter approach. Foucault claims that power relations are combined with three interconnected types of human relations: defining the hierarchy of tasks and division of labor, compelling obedience, and performing “communicative binding,” i.e. purposeful action that affects the actors’ knowledge of the world and of themselves. After 1954, power relations in Poland were strategically changing: the system of labor division and the distribution of art, including all the related benefits, was still centralized, but the ineffective administrative control relaxed, while the production of meaning changed as well – the communist party modified its rhetoric referring to art and the range of artistic choice grew together with the options of communication. Still, the liberalization of the system and abandoning the Moscow version of the socialist realism in cultural policy did not mean any real increase of the freedom of choice. Using state exhibition institutions and the press, which was the main channel of communication between the authorities and the masses, the communist regime continued to control the aesthetic consciousness of the artists. An analysis of both printed and visual messages found in the press of the period, specialist periodicals and daily newspapers alike, has revealed a surprising similarity of the official discourse and the aesthetic choices made by the participants of the “Arsenał” – in particular those choices which were later interpreted as attempts to reject the socialist realism and launch a new beginning. It seems that the young artists were “positively censored,” i.e. the regime succeeded in creating an aesthetic reality which they accepted. What is more, they considered it subversive as an emanation of liberty. The selection of the aesthetic modes favored by the authorities took place in an unconscious way already at the stage of creation, before particular works of art were accepted by the ”Arsenał” jury and before they were actually controlled by the institutions of censorship.
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2018, 29; 381-408
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Autogangs”. Car Smuggle to Communist Poland in the 1980s
Autorzy:
Nawrocki, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
autogangs”
communist Poland
Poland “People’s” Republic
organized crime
“Nikoś”
smuggling
thief’s
Opis:
The article refers to the economic consequences of the post-war division of Europe into the capitalist West and communist East. One of the consequences of this division was the creation of peculiar crime phenomenon on the eastern side of the “iron curtain”, which consist on exploit the prices and goods availability differences between wealthy West and backward East of Europe. This being the case of illegal movement of goods, begun from the 1940s, between those two worlds. In article you can find the outline of characteristic for the whole Polish “People’s” Republic period smuggling conducts. The key subject of following text is first of all the problem of car smuggling in the 1980s, which wasn’t researched by polish historians before. In this interesting for us times in Western Europe (West Germany, Austria, France) and in Scandinavia at least few groups of organized crime were active in a areas of car stealing and smuggling a luxury goods into Poland. The essence of following article are the presentation of these groups, their bosses, criminal practices and techniques and indication of the cooperation between polish car smugglers and western countries citizens. Sources for this text are based first of all on operational and investigation records of former Security Service collected in archives of the Institute of National Remembrance.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2016, 34; 167-182
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Museum of Lemko Culture at Zyndranowa
Autorzy:
Drozd, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27678669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-02
Wydawca:
Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
Tematy:
Museum of Lemko Culture
Lemkos
Ukrainians
Communist Poland (PRL)
Zyndranowa
Teodor Gocz
Opis:
In 1947, as the result of the Vistula Operation, Lemkos were resettled to the Western and Northern Territories of Poland, this making them abandon their material possessions which remained at their former domicile prone to devastation. Certain Lemkos resented those developments to the extent that following 1956 some returned to their native land, determined to save their tangible and intangible culture. Amateur artistic projects were revived, and it was decided that traces of Lemko tangible heritage were to be taken care of. This led to the concept of creating an ethnographic Lemko museum. In 1968, using Teodor Gocz’s farmstead at Zyndranowa, a memento hall was created; it later assumed the name of the Museum of Lemko Culture. The institution continuously faced challenges: it lacked financing and factual supervision for its operation. Despite this, the Museum collection continued growing, and new buildings were safeguarded for the purpose. The Museum’s creators aimed not only at preserving and displaying traces of Lemko tangible heritage, but also at maintaining bonds of the displaced Lemkos with their former homeland. With time, the Museum also began playing an important role in preserving the Lemko ethnic identity.
Źródło:
Muzealnictwo; 2023, 64; 15-22
0464-1086
Pojawia się w:
Muzealnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Old Age in Communist Poland: Preliminary Research Questions
Autorzy:
Jarosz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
old age
old-age pensioners
minimum subsistence level
income
household
communist Poland
Opis:
The article attempts at determining the most important factors shaping the social situation of aged people in Poland in the period 1945–89, seeking to describe, in vast amounts of detail, the demographic diversity (size of population concerned, gender categorisation, numerical amounts by age), residence (urban or rural region) as well as living conditions, health, and education status of the population concerned. Research has shown that the social security system in force played an increasing role in the shaping of the material situation of the elderly: in 1989 some 50 per cent retirement-aged people took advantage of its offer. That this system remained the basis for livelihoods of a definite majority of aged people in the 1980s primarily ensued from the extension of the farmer’s retirement and disability pension system. Nonetheless, a considerable group of elderly people (amounting to several dozen per cent, though estimates vary) received income below the minimum subsistence figure until the end of 1989 – thus remaining condemned to poverty and the need to seek for other, extra sources of income, such as assistance from family or acquaintances, gainful labour, and/or social protection.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2014, 110
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Did Totalitarian Experience Shape Democratic Norms? Struggle for the Independence of the Polish Judiciary and its Results: Conclusions from Talks with Professor Adam Strzembosz
Autorzy:
Stanisław, Zakroczymski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Communist Poland
judicial independence
“Solidarity”
Adam Strzembosz
Polska Ludowa
niezawisłość sędziowska
“Solidarność”
Opis:
This paper is a confrontation of the statements made by eminent Polish Professor of Law, Adam Strzembosz, in the interview published in the form of a book Między prawem i sprawiedliwością, with the views presented in the legal, historical, and sociological literature. I describe the ways judicial independence was limited in Communist Poland, and the strategies judges undertook to counteract that phenomenon. Special emphasis is put on the attitude of the “Solidarity” movement towards this problem and the judge’s behavior under Martial Law. In conclusion, I try to prove that the post-totalitarian trauma in Polish judiciary provoked an “over-sensitivity” in regard to the judicial independence.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 421-438
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afryka Subsaharyjska w polityce zagranicznej PRL
Autorzy:
Knopek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2230835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
PRL
Afryka Subsaharyjska
polityka zagraniczna
Communist Poland
Sub-Saharan Africa
foreign policy
Opis:
W artykule autor wskazuje cele i zadania polskiej polityki zagranicznej w stosunku do Afryki Subsaharyjskiej w latach 1944–1989. Polityka ta zaczęła być formułowana po 1956 r., gdy w wyniku dekolonizacji na omawianym obszarze powstały niepodległe państwa. W pierwszym okresie opierała się na założeniach ideologicznych, tj. preferowano państwa, które miały charakter komunizujący bądź lewicowy. Później, w wyniku niestabilności politycznej, licznych zamachów stanu i puczów wojskowych w Czarnej Afryce, można odnotować w omawianej polityce zarówno cele ideologiczne, jak i pragmatyczne, odwołujące się do np. interesów gospodarczych Polski, w tym handlu. Podstawowe cele polityki PRL wobec Afryki Subsaharyjskiej obejmowały następujące zadania: 1) podejmowanie szeroko zakrojonej akcji dyplomatycznej i ideologicznej na rzecz propagowania sił o charakterze antyzachodnim; 2) świadczenie pomocy technicznej w postaci delegowania lekarzy, inżynierów i rzemieślników wykwalifikowanych; 3) przydzielanie stypendiów dla młodzieży afrykańskiej, która miała podejmować naukę na wybranych uczelniach; 4) tworzenie organizacji o orientacji komunistycznej lub lewicowej, których zadaniem byłoby przenikanie dalej do lokalnych i regionalnych związków zawodowych. Natomiast starano się unikać udzielania pomocy bezpośredniej w postaci dotacji lub kredytów. Mimo zmian dokonujących się Polsce, jak również zmieniającej się rzeczywistości międzynarodowej, cele te nie ulegały większym modyfikacjom aż do 1989 r.
In this article, the author identifies the objectives and tasks of Polish foreign policy towards sub-Saharan Africa between 1944 and 1989. This policy began to be formulated after 1956, when independent states were established in this area as a result of decolonisation. In the first period, this foreign policy was based on ideological foundations, i.e. preference was given to states that were either communist or leftist. Later, as a result of political instability, namely the numerous political and military coups in Black Africa, it is possible to note both ideological and pragmatic objectives in the discussed policy, which referred, for example, to Poland’s economic interests, including trade. The basic objectives of the policyof communist Poland towards sub-Saharan Africa included the following tasks: 1. undertaking extensive diplomatic and ideological action to promote anti-Western forces; 2. providing technical assistance in the form of the secondment of doctors, engineers and skilled craftsmen; 3. awarding scholarships for African youth to study at selected universities; 4. establishing organisations with communist or leftist orientations, with the goal of penetrating local and regional trade unions. At the same time, efforts were made to avoid providing direct aid in the form of grants or loans.
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2023, 41, 1; 26-48
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhibitions dedicated to communist Poland in polish museums in 1989–2017 from a quantitative (statistical) perspective
Autorzy:
Wąchała-Skindzier, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27761752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-14
Wydawca:
Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
Tematy:
museum narrative
art of exhibition
the recent history of Poland
Communist Poland
quantitative analysis
Opis:
The objective of the research was a survey identification of the presence of the history of Communist Poland, PRL, in museum narrative in 1989–2017. Importantly, this is a repeated, supplemented, and more thorough research versus the one presented in the paper ‘PRL in Museum Narrative over the Last 25 Years’ published in 2014 in the Światowid. Rocznik Muzeum PRL-u (w organizacji) periodical. The research discussed in the present paper forms part of a doctoral dissertation, constituting the research’s second stage. As a result of the conducted research based on survey answers provided by museums and on individual research a database containing 642 exhibitions was created. When processing the data, quantitative analysis was adopted. After data cleaning the following statistical trends were analysed: exhibition duration over the whole research period, percentage of leading themes, percentage of themes in respective cities. The conducted analysis has permitted to observe trends in museum narrative concerning PRL. Also the most popular exhibition duration over the research period has been identified (up to two years and permanent exhibitions). The most popular categories have been named: art history, political history, history of everyday life. Three groups of urban centres where museum narrative is present to a varied degree have been named. The fourth group contains cities in whose museums the topic of PRL has not been tackled over the last 28 years, or such projects cannot be reliably confirmed.
Źródło:
Muzealnictwo; 2022, 63; 185-193
0464-1086
Pojawia się w:
Muzealnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Młodzież dla postępu”. Działalność ZMS a polskie projekty modernizacyjne czasów komunizmu
"Youth for progress". ZMS activity in the context of polish modernization projects of the communist era
Autorzy:
Sadowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
PRL
ZMS
młodzież
socjalizm
modernizacja
communist Poland
Union of Socialist Youth
socialism
modernization
Opis:
Związek Młodzieży Socjalistycznej był organizacją polityczno-wychowawczą działającą w PRL w latach 1957–1976. Z założenia był zorientowany na nowoczesność i podejmował działania, które miały służyć modernizacji gospodarki i społeczeństwa, a zwłaszcza industrializacji i urbanizacji. Kluczowe pytanie dotyczy efektywności tych akcji. Działania w dziedzinie gospodarki, takie np. jak podnoszenie wydajności pracy, zwiększanie innowacyjności czy wspieranie wielkich inwestycji przemysłowych poprzez werbowanie młodych pracowników, miały słabą skuteczność. Większe znaczenie miało wsparcie młodzieży w migracji ze wsi i pomoc w adaptacji w środowisku miejskim, propagowanie edukacji, a także wdrażanie do aktywności i elastyczności. Kierunek działań ZMS świadczy o stopniowym odchodzeniu od komunistycznego modelu modernizacji w stronę zachodniego, nastawionego na sukces indywidualny i konsumpcję.
The Union of Socialist Youth (ZMS) was a political and educational organization operating in Poland from 1957 to 1976. It undertook a number of activities to modernize the economy and society, especially to support industrialization and urbanization. Among other things, the ZMS organized campaigns to raise labor productivity and innovation in the economy, and supported large industrial investments by recruiting young workers. The effectiveness of these activities was small, some of them even perpetuated the defects of the socialist economy. Of greater modernization significance was the promotion of education and, above all, the support given to young people migrating from the countryside to the cities and helping them adapt to the urban environment. The direction of the ZMS's activities testified to the gradual shift away from the communist model of modernization toward a Western model focused on individual success and consumption. It is important that ZMS members were expected to be active and flexible, which, after the overthrow of communism, helped them adapt to new conditions in a rapidly modernizing country.
Źródło:
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 2023, 27, 2; 145-159
2543-8379
Pojawia się w:
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nie taka czarna! Wydział Kultury KC o pewnym przedstawieniu codzienności
Not So Dark! The Central Committee’s Culture Department on the Certain Reprezentation of Daily Life
Autorzy:
Kula, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-01-30
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
satire
censorship
daily life in communist Poland
satyra
cenzura
życie codzienne w komunistycznej Polsce
Opis:
The author demonstrates that literature can be an important historical source. On the basis of an analysis of the content, reception (mainly by the official censorship), and fate of the Student Satire Theater’s play It’s Not All the Same to Me the author outlines the characteristic features of Polish daily existence in the 1960s.
Źródło:
Kultura i Społeczeństwo; 2017, 61, 1; 253-266
2300-195X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political Prisoners in Poland, 1944–56: The Sources and Strategies of Resistance in the Authoritarian State’s Prison System
Autorzy:
Machcewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
political prisoner
social resistance
social capital
Stalinism
authoritarianism
post-war communist Poland (People’s Republic of Poland/‘People’s Poland’)
Opis:
This article seeks to reconstruct the resistance attitudes and strategies of survival among political prisoners in Poland in the years 1944–56, referred to as the Stalinist period. The introductory section reviews the literature on social resistance in authoritarian political systems, including Poland and covering political prisoners. Subsequently, a definition of ‘political prisoner’ is proposed and the socio-political context of the Stalinist period presented, in which prisons were assigned a strictly repressive function. The present analysis primarily seeks to answer the question whether the conditions in Stalinist prisons offered any room for opportunity to resist the authoritarian power – and, if yes, what sort of experiences and models the convicted resorted to. I also sought to see what forms rebellion against the authority assumed and what was the purpose of the adopted survival strategies. The article is based on documents generated by the Ministry of Public Security’s Prison Management Department and the penitentiary units reporting to it, as well as on memoirs and accounts of former political prisoners.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Ludowy” adwokat i obrońca wojskowy. Rzecz o Mieczysławie Maślanko (1903–1986)
The “advocate” of the People and Military Defender. Remarks on Mieczyslaw Maslanko (1903–1986)
Autorzy:
Zaborski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
samorząd adwokacki w komunistycznej Polsce, obrońcy wojskowi, tajny wykaz obrońców, Naczelna Rada Adwokacka, procesy polityczne w komunistycz- nej Polsce, sądy wojskowe w komunistycznej Polsce, tajne procesy
Bar association in communist Poland, Court-martial defence attorneys, Se- cret register of attorneys, Supreme Council of Attorneys, Political trials in communist Poland, Courts-martial in communist Poland, Secret trials
Opis:
Mieczysław (Moses) Maślanko (1903–1986) was one of the most prominent personalities among the lawyers of communist Poland between 1945 and 1956. He was born in War- saw in a Jewish family. In Warsaw, he finished his secondary education and graduated from the law department of Warsaw University in 1926. Between 1927 and 1933, he took a court and defence attorney internship and became a registered attorney. During the German occupation of Poland in 1939–1945, he was persecuted by the Ger- mans. Until 1943, he was kept prisoner in the Warsaw Ghetto where he was appointed Chairman of the Disciplinary Court at the Judenrat. Between April 1943 and May 1945, he was imprisoned in the Majdanek concentration camp, Auschwitz concentration camp, and Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Upon his return to Warsaw, he resumed his work as attorney. He specialised in criminal cases. The communist authorities allowed him to participate in the court trials of the regime opponents. He defended (participated) in political trials before military courts and before the so-called “secret courts-martial” which in fact were a travesty of justice. He was admitted to the register of court-martial attorneys and his name showed also in the “secret registers”, i.e. of attorneys who were authorised to participate in secret trials. His contribution to the most famous trials of the opponents of the communist regime was to support the statements of the prosecution. In 1946-1956, he was a member of the Supreme Council of Attorneys (Bar association) which was in fact filled by way of a decision of the Minister of Justice. After 1956, the attorneys representation bodies filed several disciplinary cases against him. After 1956, he continued to work as a criminal defence attorney.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 389-416
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Program, Strategy and Tactics of Communist Movement in Contemporary Epoche
Autorzy:
Wiktor, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
communism
Communist Party of Poland
Marxism
political movements
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyse Communist Party of Poland as the party of Polish proletariat, working class that represents also the interests of other Polish working peoples. Emphasis is placed The strategy of CPP is like other communist parties, socialist revolution, socialism and in the further time communism. The CPP is based in its struggle on the theory of Marxism-Leninism and the progressive tradition of the building of socialism in former People’s Republic Poland.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 11; 83-95
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 100

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