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Wyszukujesz frazę "Commemoration" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Rituals’ Narrative Logics
Autorzy:
Lombaerts, Herman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
anamnesis
commemoration
ritual
commemoration rituals
anamnetic solidarity
Opis:
This article focuses on a double identity of rituals: the origin and main structure of rituals is narrative, and they represent a particular logic which aims at establishing a different quality of life. The narrative structure coincides with a typical characteristic of the human mind: the commemoration of striking dramatic or liberating events. Hence the ongoing concern to remember; the anamnesis intends to prevent that what among people never should be forgotten remains present in the individual and collective memory. Rituals are the most powerful means to keep memory alive. The coincidence of the faithfulness to a living tradition and the authentic commitment to present human concerns guarantees that the ritual anamnesis introduces qualitative change among the people involved.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2011, 1, 1
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pamięć o Wojciechu Kętrzyńskim
Autorzy:
Achremczyk, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Kętrzyn
Wojciech Kętrzyński
Ossolineum
Eastern Prussia
commemoration
Opis:
During his life, Wojciech Kętrzyński was a renowned and valued historian, librarian and publicist. Many obituaries and commemorations appeared in magazines and academic journals after his death. The employees of the Lviv Ossolineum made sure to preserve the memory of their director also outside the town. In Lviv, Kętrzyński has had a street and one of the reading halls in Ossolineum named after him. His poems and memoir were published, along with some commemorations dedicated to his achievements. The memory of Kętrzyński has also lasted in southern parts of Eastern Prussia. Michał Kajka translated his poems into Polish, while Emilia Sukertowa-Biedrawina in Działdowo published articles about Kętrzyński in her calendars. After 1945, as Polish borders encompassed those parts of Eastern Prussia, Kętrzyński became a reclaimant, even a warrior of Polishness. In his honour, the town of Rastenburg was renamed to Kętrzyn. He has had streets and schools named after him. The research on Kętrzyński’s activities gained momentum with the establishment of the Wojciech Kętrzyński Centre for Scientific Research (Pol. Ośrodek Badań Naukowych, OBN) in Olsztyn. Thanks to the efforts of OBN, a Polish plaque appeared at Kętrzyński’s grave, which was found by Leonard Turkowski in 1969 at the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv. In 2008, the tombstone was renovated as a result of the activity of Kętrzyn authorities. When the old preWar fragment of the tombstone was found in 2016, it was returned to its proper place, while the medallion with Kętrzyński’s image was gifted by Kętrzyn authorities to the Wrocław Ossolineum. The memory of Kętrzyński in Warmia and Masuria was preserved by publishing his poems and research articles O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich [Eng. On Polish people in the previously Teutonic Prussia]. Numerous academic conferences confirmed the current nature of Kętrzyński’s conclusions. The Marshall of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship established an all-Poland award in humanities named after Kętrzyński, contributing to the movement of commemorating the researcher in the region and in Poland. This paper summarises all such activities during the 100-years period since Wojciech Kętrzyński’s death.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2020, 307, 1; 41-81
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brama przeszłości. Fasada zachodnia kolegiaty w Wiślicy a program historyczny w mecenacie Kazimierza Wielkiego
The Gate of the Past. West Façade of the Collegiate Church in Wiślica and a Historical Programme in Kazimir’s the Great patronage
Autorzy:
Pajor, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2151014.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
Wiślica
Gothic architecture
the Piasts
past
commemoration
Opis:
The Gothic collegiate church in Wiślica, founded by king Kazimir the Great in 1350, replaced older structure, What were preserved from that Romanesque church, was a twotower façade included to a new building and 13th century sculpture of Madonna. It seems that the point of this action was commemoration of the both distant and close past of the town, including the time when when citizens of Wiślica supported Władysław’s the Short struggleof power. Moreover, on the Romanesque façade a statue representing Kazimir himself was placed. Similar solutions were introduced also in other Kazimir’s foundations. Another significant point of reference is collegiate church in Vienna where at the same time older façade was preserved decorated with the founder’s statue. Yet in Wiślica such historical programme was connected with the arms of the lands ruled by Kazimir. All these elements make an image of reunited Kingdom ruled by the rightful dynasty.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2015, 16; 135-146
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomniki w mieście. Pogranicza pamięci i historii
Monuments in a town. Borderlines of memory and histor
Autorzy:
Hołda, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/667076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
monument
social memory
commemoration
place of memory
Opis:
The world has been experiencing the era of commemoration for several decades. The events and heroes, usually doomed to oblivion until recently, are being commemorated. Many monuments appear out of an initiative of social committees. Monuments create places important for towns in which social memory is celebrated. They are an affective reference to the past and a material basis of remembering. They bring the images of the past back, facilitate remembering, as well as judge the events and establish the heroes and anti-heroes of the history. Nowadays, a traditional approach to public monuments, marked by respect, are accompanied by unconventional forms of their usage, revealing the idea crisis of such monuments as sanctified places of memory.
Źródło:
Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne; 2013, 13; 57-72
1506-5790
2353-9860
Pojawia się w:
Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Politics of Authenticity in a National Heritage Site in Israel
Autorzy:
Noy, Chaim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Authenticity
Discourse
Nationalism
Heritage tourism
Commemoration
Israeli society
Opis:
This paper offers a multifaceted appreciation of the political roles played by authenticity in modern tourism. The study, located at a national heritage and commemoration site in Jerusalem, Israel, traces authentic occurrences—manifestations and representations—that culminate in an ideological ecology of authenticity. Through this depiction, the active and often veiled role authenticity, understood as a social structure, plays is foregrounded. A special place within this ecology is reserved for the role performed by the site’s visitor book. The paper conceptualizes the commemorative visitor book as an ideological and institutional interface, which serves as an authenticating device. This device allows a transformation of visitors unto ideological social agents who partake in the structure of national commemoration in Israel.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2009, 5, 1; 112-129
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomniki zgładzonych Romów Europy
Monuments for the murdered Roma of Europe
Autorzy:
Taborska, Halina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyźnie w Londynie
Tematy:
Roma People
Gipsies
Labour camps
concentration camps
monuments
commemoration.
Opis:
The article presents selected monuments from Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia commemorating the Roma People of Europe exterminated during the Second World War. These monuments are located mostly on the sites of former concentrations camps for Gypsies, where they were killed or from which they were deported to death camps established by the German authorities in occupied Poland. It is based on material gained by the author through interviewing their makers and patrons, and contains descriptions and analysis of the works derived from numerous viewings in situ. The article is linked to an extensive research project focused on diverse works of art in open spaces of Europe commemorating civilian victims of the Nazi regime in the years 1939–1945.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO; 2014, 2; 209-223
2052-319X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Hero’s Wife: The Depiction of Female Holocaust Survivors in Israeli Cinema Prior to the Eichmann Trial and in its Aftermath
Autorzy:
Steir-Livny, Liat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Holocaust cinema
Holocaust survivors
The Eichmann trial
Holocaust commemoration
Opis:
Israeli culture in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated by ideological considerations. Zionist films, as other aspects of Eretz-Israel and Israeli culture, distinctively propagated Zionist ideas. As a consequence of their sociopolitical focus, these films neglected the complexities of the relationship between Holocaust survivors and the native Jews in Eretz Israel. Instead, Holocaust survivors were reduced to a homogeneous entity that bore distinct negative connotations. Films depicted female Holocaust survivors as mentally unstable, unfit mothers, and often played up negative sexual stereotypes. In these films, the women were “cured” or went through a process of “purification” thanks to the Zionist establishment. Historical research often cites the trial of Adolf Eichmann (1961) as being a turning point in the Israeli public’s perception of the Holocaust, and its representation in Israeli culture. This article will focus on an analysis of the film The Hero’s Wife (Peter Frye, 1963) that was produced in the aftermath of the trial. It will discuss the innovative representations of this unresearched film and will seek to answer the questions of why, and in what way, its narrative comprises a subversive antithesis to the narrative shaped by Zionist fiction films made prior to the Eichmann trial.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 2 (47); 406-413
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pamięć przywołana. W poszukiwaniu mnemotopów fonicznych
Memory recalled. In search for phonic mnemotopos
Autorzy:
Losiak, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
audiosphere
bells
bugle calls
commemoration
phonic mnemotopos
silence
sirens
Opis:
This article is concerned with the presence of sounds and phonic rituals in the tradition of commemoration. Commemoration expressed by sounds is a particularly vivid and full of expression experience of memory. In phonic commemoration rituals sound experience seems to be as essential as time experience. Direct reception and perception of sound is connected with a particular, specific moment in time. There are many kinds of sound experience that are present in various forms of commemoration rituals. Musical phenomena (such as songs, bugle calls, hymns), but also sound phenomena (for example bells, sirens) as well as silence can be pointed out here. The principal part of the presented article contains a discussion of some of these phenomena within the context of contemporary Polish tradition of remembrance. In this context, those forms of commemoration that are associated with national martyrdom, wars and uprisings, merit special attention.
Źródło:
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy; 2012, 2(12); 141-152
1895-975X
2084-3860
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deprecjacja wielkiego jubileuszu: obchody 1150-lecia rosyjskiej państwowości w Nowogrodzie Wielkim (2012)
The depreciation of the great jubilee: the celebrations of the 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood in Novgorod the Great (2012)
Autorzy:
Banaszkiewicz, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Russia, liberalism, commemoration, jubilee, collective memory, Alexander II, Dmitry Medvedev
Opis:
The article is devoted to the subject of the 1150th anniversary of the Russian Statehood celebrated in September 2012. It was the liberal political commentary writings accompanying the original model of the jubilee celebrated in 1862 that was used as the point of reference of the rhetoric of the celebrations’ initiator, the President of Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev. This made the president of Russia refer very often to the “Epoch of the Great Reforms” (the 1860s, and 1870s). The article describes the course of the jubilee celebrations with accompanying information campaign in the public mass media, as well as a failed legislative action to make the symbolic anniversary of the origins of the Russian Statehood a National Day. In the conclusions, the author distances himself from the absolutisation of political causes (customary in the Polish writing blaming of the low political culture of the power elite) of the jubilee’s failure. In the author’s opinion, the main reason for the fiasco of the analysed enterprise lies in the difficulties to create a coherent historical narration which would combine various political traditions and their fundamental values.The research, making the fundamentals of the text, subscribes to the interdisciplinary studies – flourishing in Poland these days – of collective memory and identity. The research perspective chosen by the author makes it possible to enrich the traditionally understood political history and history of ideas with the most recent achievements of historical anthropology. The purpose of this is to present not only a cultural context of the symbolic dimension of ars regendi (with the problem of legitimization of power at the lead), but also to discover the sources for the durability of symbols as invisible bonds tying the political community. 
Статья посвящена празднованию 1150-летия российской государственности, которое проходило в Новгороде в сентябре 2012 г. За точку отсчета для риторики инициатора торжества, Президента Российской Федерации Д. Медведева, была избрана либеральная публицистика, сопровождавшая первообраз юбилея в 1862 г. Этот прием был продиктован фактом частого обращения тогдашнего главы России к «эпохе великих реформ» (60-е и 70-е гг. XIX в.). В тексте обсуждается ход юбилея и, посвященное ему, медийное освещение в средствах массовой информации. Была также представлена неудачная законодательная инициатива, предусматривающая признание символической годовщины начала Руси государственным праздником. Заключения текста отмежеваются от абсолютизирования политических причин (традиционное в польской публицистике сваливание вину на низкий уровень политической культуры элиты власти) неудачи юбилея. По мнению автора, главная причина провала, обсуждаемого мероприятия, заключается в трудностях создания связного исторического повествования, контаминирующего разнообразные политические традиции и лежащие у их основ ценности.Исследования, являющиеся методологическим фундаментом текста, вписываются в междисциплинарное изучение памяти и коллективной идентичности, переживающее расцвет в Польше. Принятый исследовательский ракурс позволяет обогатить традиционно понимаемую проблемную политическую историю и историю идей свежайшими достижениями исторической антропологии. Целью такого действия является не только показать культурный контекст символического измерения ars regendi (во главе с проблемой легитимизации власти), но и выявление источников устойчивости символов, как незримых уз, скрепляющих политическое сообщество.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2016, 51, 1
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semantyka upamiętniania w języku polskim, niemieckim i hiszpańskim
Autorzy:
Krysiak (Dobkiewicz), Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
commemorate
commemoration
upamiętnienie
conmemorar
gedenken
Polska
Germany
Spain
collective memory
Opis:
In the article, I attempt a slightly closer insight into the meaning of the word “com-memorate” in Polish, German and Spanish in the hope of finding its semantic invariant. The principal aim is to answer the question which activities the verb commemorate is made to serve by the members of the three language communities when formulating utterances concerning the handing down of the memory to posterity.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2011, 3; 9-21
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crypts, Phantoms, and Cultural Trauma: A Hauntological Approach to Recent British First World War Fiction
Autorzy:
Branach-Kallas, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Tematy:
hauntology, British First World War fiction, trauma, mourning, commemoration, family memory
Opis:
In my article, I analyse selected British novels about the First World War published at the turn of the 20th century, from the theoretical perspectives proposed by Maria Torok and Nicolas Abraham in The Shell and the Kernel: Renewals of Psychoanalysis. Pat Barker in Toby’s Room (2012) and Sue Gee in Earth and Heaven (2000) imagine their protagonists’ difficult evolution from melancholia to mourning after the loss of brothers and/or lovers, at the front. The concepts of incorporation and illness of mourning are used to explore the complicated process of bereavement in Barker’s novel, where hauntology becomes a form of honte-ology, from the French honte, shame. In Gee’s beautifully melancholic novel, the haunting trauma of loss is subtly evoked by images of empty fields, neglected farms, urban vistas filled with spectral figures of unemployed veterans. Moreover, Earth and Heaven affects the reader so deeply because the understated pain of loss becomes movingly tangible after the accidental death of the central protagonist’s six-year-old son, which seems to “condense” the pain of war bereavements a decade after the conflict. My intention is also to demonstrate that Sebastian Faulks in Birdsong (1993), Esther Freud in Summer at Gaglow (1997) and Pat Barker in Another World (1998) approach the Great War as a phantom haunting their contemporary protagonists. The persistence of the unknown past has a profound impact on these characters and only by trying to relate to the Great War do they find answers to their existential dilemmas. This directs our attention to the incomplete processes of First World War mourning, the persistence of endless grief and the potential continuity of unresolved trauma(s) in transgenerational memory. The five novels under consideration also problematise the issue of silence-the unsayable family secret and/or the collective disregard for the national past. The psychoanalytic concept of crypt illuminates the relation between present and past in these fictions and makes it possible to draw a connection with the sociological concept of cultural trauma, referring to certain foundational events constructed as traumatic from the point of view of the British collectivity. 
Źródło:
Avant; 2017, 8, 2
2082-6710
Pojawia się w:
Avant
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kwestia upamiętnienia ofiar II wojny światowej na forum Bundestagu (2020–2022)
The issue of commemorating of the victims of World War II in the Bundestag (2020–2022)
Autorzy:
Trzcielińska-Polus, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17869625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
ofiary nazizmu
upamiętnienie
Polska
Niemcy
Bundestag
victims of Nazism
commemoration
Polska
Germany
Opis:
W artykule poddano analizie dwa projekty upamiętnienia w Berlinie ofiar II wojny światowej. Podstawę źródłową stanowią dokumenty Bundestagu, tj. stenogramy obrad plenarnych, zapytania poselskie i odpowiedzi rządu oraz projekty uchwał i same uchwały. To bowiem w gestii Bundestagu leży m.in. przyjmowanie odpowiednich uchwał, na podstawie których organy egzekutywy realizują plany wznoszenia obiektów upamiętniających ofiary nazizmu. Pierwszy projekt dotyczy miejsca pamięci polskich ofiar niemieckiej okupacji w latach 1939–1945 (Polen-Denkmal zum Gedenken an die polnischen Opfer der deutschen Besatzung 1939 bis 1945), drugi ma dokumentować okupację niemiecką w całej Europie (Dokumentationszentrum „Zweiter Weltkrieg und Besatzungsherrschaft”). Realizacja obu tych projektów poparta została w umowie koalicyjnej z 7.12.2021 r. Porównując jednak tempo prac, stwierdzić należy, że przygotowania do realizacji projektu Centrum Dokumentacyjnego przebiegają znacznie szybciej i znajdują większe poparcie w rządzie niż miejsce upamiętnienia polskich ofiar.
The article analyzes two projects for commemorating World War II victims in Berlin. The source basis are Bundestag documents, i.e., transcripts of plenary sessions, parliamentary questions and government responses, as well as draft resolutions and the resolutions themselves. This is because it is the responsibility of the Bundestag, among other things, to adopt the relevant resolutions on the basis of which the executive bodies implement plans to erect memorials to Nazi victims. The first project concerns a memorial of the Polish victims of the German occupation from 1939 to 1945 (Polen-Denkmal zum Gedenken an die polnischen Opfer der deutschen Besatzung 1939 bis 1945). The second is to document the German occupation throughout Europe (Dokumentationszentrum “Zweiter Weltkrieg und Besatzungsherrschaft”). The implementation of both projects was supported in the coalition agreement of 7.12.2021. However, comparing the pace of work on both projects, it should be noted that preparations for the Documentation Center project are progressing much faster and are finding more support in the government than the site for the commemoration of Polish victims.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2023, L, 1; 89-103
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shifting Borders – Shifting Languages: Investigating Commemorative Cityscape in Poznań and Słubice
Autorzy:
Fabiszak, Małgorzata
Weronika Brzezińska, Anna
Dobkiewicz, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28698352.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
collective memory
commemoration
critical toponymy
ideology
language planning policy
linguistic landscape
street renaming
Opis:
This article explores patterns of street renaming in two locations which over the last century were interchangeably controlled by Germany and Poland: Posen/Poznań and Dammvorstadt/Słubice. It examines how changes in the language of administration influenced their urban streetscape. The results demonstrate that there are several different semantic categories of street names which show varied affinity to change. Commemorative street names inscribing personal names are most prone to alteration, while those based on topology and landmarks are often translated from one language to another and retain their meaning. Street names based on place names are a heterogeneous category with directional names showing more stability than those which represent the national geographical imagery.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2023, 126; 277-299
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Imiona chrześcijańskie w Synodyku nowogrodzkim z końca XIV–XV wieku
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Novgorod personal names
Old Russian Christian names
Novgorod synodicon
commemoration book of Lisitsky monastery
Opis:
The article contains an analysis of Christian names selected from the oldest synodicon written in the Lisitsky monastery near Veliky Novgorod. The analysis comprises 3190 names of laypeople, amongst which are 208 male names and 58 female names. The author discusses the group of given names (basic forms, their phonetic, morphological variants and frequency, as well as rarely used names that occurred in the synodicon).
Źródło:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia; 2021, 46, 1; 225-234
0081-6884
Pojawia się w:
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wiekopomna zasługa i zakonna pokora – dzieje serca Stanisława Konarskiego
The memorable service and monastic humility – the history of Stanisław Konarski’s heart
Autorzy:
Mączyński, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/560451.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
Stanisław Konarski
serce
pochówek
epitafium
upamiętnienie
pijarzy
Kraków
heart
burial
epitaph
commemoration
Piarists
Krakow
Opis:
Artykuł zwraca uwagę na interesujący zabytek sprzed 130 lat, znajdujący się w krakowskim kościele pijarów – plastyczną oprawę miejsca złożenia serca Stanisława Konarskiego (1700–1773), zakonnika Szkół Pobożnych z XVIII stulecia, a przy tym wydawcy zbioru praw krajowych Volumina legum, odważnego publicysty domagającego się wzmocnienia władzy królewskiej i zwalczającego liberum veto, reformatora szkolnictwa i założyciela słynącej z nowoczesności uczelni Collegium Nobilium. Kreśli także okoliczności przeniesienia w 1882 roku tej „relikwii” z Warszawy do Krakowa oraz opisuje uroczystość wprowadzenia jej 13 lutego do zakonnej świątyni pod wezwaniem Przemienienia Pańskiego. Podejmuje również trzy istotne kwestie badawcze. Pierwsza kwestia, która też wielce zajmowała współczesnych – a szczególnie rektora kolegium krakowskiego Adama Słotwińskiego – to problem autentyczności owej pamiątki, która ujawniona została po ponad stu latach od pogrzebu zasłużonego pijara, w prywatnym posiadaniu warszawskiego optyka Jakuba Pika. Zwłaszcza że brakuje jakichkolwiek bezpośrednich świadectw z 1773 roku mówiących o odłączeniu po śmierci Stanisława Konarskiego jego serca od ciała. Jednak zgromadzone przesłanki pozwalają przyjąć z prawdopodobieństwem graniczącym z pewnością, iż jest to autentyczna – i zarazem jedyna po dziś dzień zachowana – cielesna partykuła sławnego zakonnika. Druga kwestia, całkowicie pomijana w ówczesnej refleksji, to przyczyna odłączenia serca od ciała. Ten aspekt rozważań kazał zwrócić uwagę na niezwykle rozpowszechnioną w Rzeczypospolitej – najpierw pośród rodzin monarszych, później także magnaterii i szlachty – nowożytną tradycję osobnych pochówków serc, zazwyczaj składanych w ufundowanej przez zmarłego świątyni. Wskazano, że szczególnie wiele serc oddzielonych od ciał spoczęło w kościołach pijarskich (Rzeszów, Warszawa czy Łowicz). Nie był to jednak obyczaj stosowany wobec zakonników. Casus serca Stanisława Konarskiego dowodzi, że w opozycji wagi wiekopomnych zasług do ślubów zakonnej pokory – zwyciężyły zasługi. Trzecia kwestia, której nie potrafili rozwikłać współcześni, dotyczyła miejsca pierwotnego przeznaczenia puszki z sercem Konarskiego. Konfrontacja skromnych wzmianek z sytuacją warszawskich pijarów w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku pozwoliła ujawnić drogę, jaką ona przebyła. W 1773 roku umieszczono ją w kaplicy konwiktorskiej w pałacu Collegium Nobilium, następnie około 1811 roku została przeniesiona do pijarskiego kościoła przy ulicy Długiej, w roku 1834 zakonnikom zarekwirowano ich świątynię, więc cielesna partykuła Stanisława Konarskiego trafiła do gmachu objętego przez nich kolegium przy ulicy Jezuickiej. Tam znajdowała się do 1866 roku, a po kasacie zakonu znalazła się w rękach Jakuba Pika. Ten starannie ją przechował i ofiarował do krakowskiego kościoła pijarów w Krakowie, gdzie w 1882 roku umieszczono ją w niszy w ścianie prezbiterium. Plastyczną oprawę tego miejsca zaprojektował Tadeusz Łepkowski, ówczesny konserwator zabytków. Zaś popiersie portretowe Stanisława Konarskiego wykonał krakowski rzeźbiarz Tadeusz Błotnicki. Rysy twarzy odwzorował na podstawie konterfektu z czasów Stanisława Augusta – rzeźby André Le Bruna, należącej do pocztu mężów szczególnie dla Rzeczypospolitej zasłużonych, jaki ozdobił otwartą w 1786 roku Salę Rycerską na Zamku Królewskim w Warszawie.
The article concentrates on an interesting 130-year-old artefact located in the Krakow church of Piarists – the decoration of the place where Stanisław Konarski’s (1700–1773) heart was buried. Konarski was a monk of the Pious Schools in the 18th century, as well as publisher of a collection of national laws Volumina legum, a bold commentator calling for strengthening royal power and abolishing liberum veto, reformer of the educational system and founder of the renowned, modern Collegium Nobilium. The circumstances of the discovery and relocation of the relic in 1882 from Warsaw to Krakow and the ceremony of its introduction to the monastic Church of the Transfiguration of Jesus on February 13 are also outlined. Three significant research issues are also discussed. The first one is the problem of the authenticity of the artefact, which was discovered more than a hundred years after Konarski’s death in the possession of a Warsaw optician Jakub Pik. It was then that the question started occupying the minds of researchers, including the rector of the Krakow college Adam Słotwiński. The question is made more relevant by the lack of any direct evidence from 1773 about the removal of Stanisław Konarski’s heart from his body after his death. The information gathered so far allow us to assume, with probability bordering on certainty, that it is authentic and the only surviving part of this famous monk’s body. Another question, totally absent from past reflections on the subject, is the reason why the heart was removed. This particular aspect turns our attention at a strikingly popular early-modern Polish tradition – first in royal families, later also among magnates and nobility – of burying hearts separately, usually by entombing them in a church founded by the deceased. It was found that a considerable number of hearts removed from bodies had been inhumed in Piarist churches (Rzeszów, Warsaw or Łowicz). This tradition, however, did not normally apply to monks. The case of Stanisław Konarski’s heart proves that in the juxtaposition of great merit and monastic vows of humility the merit prevailed. A third question, which contemporaneous researchers could not answer, is the original destination of the box with Konarski’s heart. A confrontation of scant mentions with the situation of Warsaw Piarists in the first half of the 19th century allows us to retrace its route. In 1773 it was placed in the monastic school chapel at Collegium Nobilium, then in 1811 it was relocated to the Piarist church in Długa street; in 1834 the order was deprived of the church, so Konarski’s heart was brought to their college in Jezuicka street. It was held there until 1866, and after the dissolution of the order it was in the possession of Jakub Pik. Pik carefully stored the relic and donated it to the Piarist church in Krakow, where in 1882 it was placed in an alcove in the presbytery. The decoration of the place was designed by Tadeusz Łepkowski, the then restorer. Stanisław Konarski’s bust was sculpted by Tadeusz Błotnicki from Krakow. Facial features were reproduced on the basis of an image from the times of Stanisław August – a sculpture by André Le Brun, displayed in a gallery of people of particular merit to the Republic of Poland opened in the Knights’ Hall at the Royal Castle in Warsaw in 1786.
Źródło:
Folia Historica Cracoviensia; 2016, 22; 265-302
0867-8294
Pojawia się w:
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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