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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Islam i inne religie w Czadzie
    Islam and Other Religions in Chad
    Autorzy:
    Moszumański, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
    Tematy:
    Chad
    Islam
    Opis:
    Chad is a country located on the border of the three great religions of the world - Islam, Christianity and traditional religions, also known as the animism. All of them have played some significant role in the history of that country, firstly involved in the beginnings of the empires of Sahel, notorious process of slave raids, subsequently associated with colonization and growing European interests in Africa, the 20th century's civil war and finally connected to the vanguard of the „war on terror". The article presents the history of the three religions in Chad and their influence on politics and society. For several hundred years Islamic domination over the followers of the other religions has caused frictions and contention. The religious differences have indirectly been responsible for the 25-year long conflict, followed by thousands of casualties. In the final part of the article the author depicts the contemporary state of inter-religious affairs and attitude of the government towards the religious issues. Due to some joint attempts of the government of Chad and international society, the religious differences and flashpoints are believed not to pose such a threat to peace and stability as it had been before. Despite of its unfortunate location in the „clash of civilization" region, Chad may set a good example that the peaceful co-existence of Islam and Christianity is possible.
    Źródło:
    Forum Politologiczne; 2006, 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce; 167-182
    1734-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienność sojuszy: meandry politycznych elit czadyjskich
    Changing alignments: meanders of the political elite in Chad
    Autorzy:
    Różański, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566838.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
    Tematy:
    Chad
    Political elite
    Opis:
    At the outset the author shows the geographical and cultural background the country. Then he describes its creation and the most significant events of the independent state. In the presentation the author emphasizes that there are many opposing views on causes and the course of the civil strife in Chad from the first years of its independence. He summarises the most common explanations and points out that they are often based on stereotypes and subjective selected facts from the History of the country. He states that in these explanations there is much truth but they have to be taken into account in their totality and not on a selective basis. The author emphasizes the role played by France in creating colonial and independent Chad and continues to be involved by many armed interventions. He points to the changeable politics of Sudan and Libya towards the republic of Chad and also to the financial and other involvement of the USA and even Israel. He also discusses the role of „social class" and „professional classes" in the conflict, the role of Marxist ideology, cultural role of traditional communities and their segmentation. He underlines that these last ones from their nature have a limited role in the creation of state structures in the European sense. He explains many complicated interpersonal relations in the internal politics of Chad. Finally he puts the question as to whether this state is capable of existing and shows admiration for the many small local structures which allows the local people to survive.
    Źródło:
    Forum Politologiczne; 2009, 9 - Ugrupowania polityczne i ruchy społeczne w Afryce; 11-41
    1734-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Różnorodność w pojmowaniu granic i własności ziemi w Republice Czadu
    Diversity in recognition of borders and ownership of lands in the Republic of Chad
    Autorzy:
    Różański, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566770.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
    Tematy:
    Republic of Chad
    Borders
    Conflicts
    Opis:
    The article shows accidentalness in construction of the borders in the Republic of Chad. On close examination to mark out the ground no one respects neither local tradition nor the cultural differences.Origin of the strong centralized country (French example) was not based of changing the mentality of understanding "our land" or "our territory" as over tribal an exclusive proprietary. At the same time there were not any trials neither to fall into line between the tribes over the land ownership nor to understanding with the preferred model of private ownership or country ownership. There is misunderstanding and conflict between the local long time honoured laws - customs - regarding ownership of lands and the law of the state. The conflict on the law of land is not the only one. We ought to count also differences based on different cultural, religious groups and their profession (shepherd and farmer) and their migration on impact of armed conflicts. The large part of the conflicts regarding the land ownerships might be resolved on the bases of the existing tribal rights as well as the state law.
    Źródło:
    Forum Politologiczne; 2010, 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce; 319-336
    1734-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kościół katolicki w Czadzie wobec problemów gospodarczych, społecznych i politycznych kraju
    The Catholic Church in the Republic of Chad in the light of economic, social and political problems in the country
    Autorzy:
    Różański, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566992.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
    Tematy:
    Chad
    Catholic Church
    Humanitarian aid
    Human rights
    Opis:
    The Catholic Church in Chad is a young community, including about 8% of the population. However from the beginning of missionary activity it has had a large input into help with development and defence of human rights. Help in development is concentrated on agriculture, since the majority of the population relies on agriculture. From 1964 missionaries have created many centres for professional training of farmers, mainly in the south of the country. A large role in the development of the countryside has been played by on the spot meetings, courses and training. One of the important elements of training has always been management and use of money. In every diocese in Chad there are diocesan health committees. The work of the church in this area includes running of hospitals, clinics and also training on a large scale (e.g. hygiene, building of latrines, access to drinking water, variation of diet, cleanliness in the home and immunisation programmes for children and adults). In some missionary centres efforts have been made to take advantage of achievements in traditional medicine. Emphasis has been also put on AIDS prevention and healing the sick. Beginning with local initiatives of help with development, covering various aspects of economic life, these have, with time, developed diocesan structures, countrywide and even linking into international organisations. Currently the work in Chad is overseen by the National Union of Diocesan Associations for Aid and Development (Union Nationale des Associations Diocesaines de Secours et de Developpement - UNAD). A particularly varied and rich activity is being lead by the Chad organisation for Catholic Aid and Development (SECADEV). It was created in 1980 in the diocese of Ndjamena to help refugees. The organisation employs 200 people and co-operates with 1000 village organisations. The Bishops in Chad often took part in issues relating to the war and lack of democracy and also tribalism and corruption. The views of the episcopate, expressed in pastoral letters, were also demonstrated in actual activities at national level and in individual regions or missions, mainly thanks to local and countrywide committees Iustitia et Pax. These committees also cooperated on issues associated with human rights with other local and international organisations.
    Źródło:
    Forum Politologiczne; 2011, 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce; 469-489
    1734-1698
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    REGIME SECURITY IN CHAD. HOW THE WESTERN WAR ON TERROR SAVED THE CHADIAN DICTATORIAL REGIME
    Autorzy:
    Hansen, Ketil Fred
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483812.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
    Tematy:
    Chad
    Sahel
    Boko Haram
    Déby
    fight against terror
    Opis:
    This article discusses how the western war on terror contributed to save the president Déby and his regime in Chad. After a brief look at central security issues in Chad around the 2008 coup d’Etat attempt, the article gives a particular focus to the last few years. The article describes and discusses how President Déby is manoeuvring in the war-against-terror landscape in the Sahel region. International military cooperation and participation is discussed in relation both to fighting terror and to regime survival. Towards the end, the article looks at more domestic safety oriented approaches to regime survival.
    Źródło:
    Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2017, 2(9) Security Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa; 55-69
    2353-6306
    Pojawia się w:
    Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The rules and organization of air traffic at airstrips during military operations: Based on experience gained on missions in Chad and Afghanistan
    Autorzy:
    Zajkowski, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194356.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Military air traffic
    landing zone
    airstrip in Afghanistan
    airstrip in Chad
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of airstrips used by Polish and allied aircraft during military operations in Chad and Afghanistan. The main goal is to examine their organisation and the management of air traffic by Polish ATC staff as well as to answer the question: How did Polish controllers plan the air operation? Answers to this question were sought through empirical and theoretical research. The theoretical methods were a study of literature (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalisation, interpretation, analogy and comparison). The empirical method – “opinion poll” took the leading role, which used different techniques conducted in a tested environment to gather the data (interviews with experts and an ex post facto experiment). Consequently, the article looks at the method of planning and preparing air operations and the rules of air traffic organisation in the area of responsibility of Polish controllers. The selected issues discussed herein include the rules of airspace segmentation, the adopted air traffic control solutions and the landing zone infrastructure used. All in all, the experience discussed herein constitutes valuable information regarding air traffic security and may prove helpful in organising landing zones and preparing air personnel for future operations conducted by Polish and allied Military Contingents at home and abroad.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 30, 3; 81-94
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The multinational joint task force and Nigerian counter-terrorism operations in the lake chad region
    Autorzy:
    Olawoyin, Kayode Wakili
    Akinrinde, Olawale Olufemi
    Irabor, Peter O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-10
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
    Tematy:
    terrorism
    Counter-Terrorism
    Lake Chad Region
    MNJTF
    Regional Military Force
    Opis:
    The dynamics of terrorism and its transnational implications in the Lake Chad region necessitated a regional security engagement between Nigeria and its immediate neighbors. This led to the formation of the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF). The operation of this regional military force has been attracting attention due to cases of terrorist attacks in the region. Relying on secondary sources of data and using desk review method, this study examines the impact of counter-terrorism operations of the MNJTF in the Lake Chad region and assesses the challenges the force faces during counter-terrorism operations in Nigeria. The study found that the MNJTF counter-terrorism operation has been largely focused on coordinating national contingents, which operate following different rules and report to respective member states. As a result, counter-terrorism operations in the Lake Chad region remain uncoordinated. Considering the split of the main terrorist forces into different factions, as well as the fact that inter-agency coordination and cooperation between the Nigerian military and other security forces has been poor, the study established that terrorist groups usually seek refuge along the Cameroon and Chad borders, creating an environment for resilience along the Nigerian borders with its neighbors in the Lake Chad region. The study concluded that terrorist groups adapt to the nature of MNJTF counter-terrorism operations, while terrorists’ knowledge of the area and ties to the local population make it necessary for MNJTF to also recruit help from the local communities in order to curb terrorism in the Lake Chad region.
    Źródło:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 1; 115-135
    2299-4335
    Pojawia się w:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Geneza i przebieg konfliktu w Czadzie 1965–1984
    Origin and Course of Conflict in Chad 1965–1984
    Autorzy:
    Banaś, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    Czad
    Libia
    wojna domowa
    w Czadzie
    wojna czadyjsko-libijska
    konflikty w Afryce
    Chad
    Libya
    civil war in Chad
    Chadian-Libyan war
    conflicts in Africa
    Opis:
    Unpopular decisions of the first president of Chad, François Tombalbaye, quickly led to dissatisfaction, mainly among discriminated Muslim people living in the northern part of the country, for Chad’s population comprises a number of tribes. They speak different dialects and have different religious beliefs, including Islam, Christianity, and Animism. Not without significance is also the fact that the borders of the country were set artificially, with no consideration of ethnic areas or historical context. As soon as in 1965, a civil war erupted and in the following year the National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT) was established. It was a rebel group aiming to overthrow the president. In 1975, in effect of internal terror and purge in the army, F. Tombalbaye was overthrown and succeeded by gen. F. Malloum. Yet FROLINAT continued the fight until 1979 when Hissène Habré took over. The subsequent years made the long-lasting period of bloody combat between the new president and his ex-collaborator Goukouni Oueddei. During that time, several countries started to intervene in Chadian internal affairs, including France, Libya, USA and neighboring countries. Foreign support for opposing politicians made the crisis in Chad even longer.
    Niepopularne decyzje pierwszego prezydenta Czadu Françoisa Tombalbayego szybko doprowadziły do niezadowolenia, szczególnie dyskryminowanej, muzułmańskiej ludności na północy kraju. Państwo to bowiem składa się z wielu plemion, posługujących się licznymi dialektami i wyznających: islam, chrześcijaństwo oraz animizm. Nie bez znaczenia są również sztuczne granice, jakie posiada Czad, nieodzwierciedlające ani układu etnicznego, ani kontekstu historycznego. Wojna domowa rozpoczęła się już w 1965 r., a w roku następnym zawiązał się Front Wyzwolenia Narodowego Czadu (FROLINAT). Było to rebelianckie ugrupowanie dążące do obalenia prezydenta. Terror wewnętrzny oraz czystki w wojsku doprowadziły w 1975 r. do obalenia F. Tombalbayego i przejęcia władzy przez gen. F. Mallouma. FROLINAT kontynuował jednak walkę aż do odsunięcia prezydenta w 1979 r. przez Hissèna Habré’a. Kolejne lata przypadły na długotrwałą i krwawą walkę nowego prezydenta ze swoim byłym współpracownikiem Goukounim Oueddeim. W tym czasie w sprawy Czadu ingerowała już nie tylko Francja, ale również Libia, USA oraz państwa ościenne. Zewnętrzne wsparcie dla walczących polityków powodowało przedłużanie się kryzysu czadyjskiego.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Polityka; 2017, 21(28); 43-52
    1899-5160
    2391-7652
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wojna toyot w dyplomacji polskiej 1986 – 1987
    Toyota war in Polish diplomacy 1986 – 1987
    Autorzy:
    Banaś, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943165.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Czad
    Libia
    wojna domowa w  Czadzie
    wojna czadyjsko-libijska
    wojna toyot
    dyplomacja Polski 1945 – 1989
    Chad
    Libya
    civil war in Chad
    Chadian-Libyan war
    Toyota War
    Polish diplomacy in 1945 – 1989
    Opis:
    Czad był areną wojny domowej już od 1965 r. Początkowo rebelianckie ugrupowania zrzeszone w Froncie Wyzwolenia Narodowego Czadu (FROLINAT) dążyły do obalenia urzędującego prezydenta François Tombalbaye. Sytuacja jednak nie uległa zmianie, kiedy to został on obalony w 1975 r. Różnice zapatrywań poszczególnych liderów rebeliantów oraz ingerencja Francji, USA, Libii czy państw ościennych spowodowała eskalację działań wojennych. W latach 80. Czad stał się obszarem starcia wpływów francuskich oraz libijskich. Państwa te wspierały na wszelki możliwy sposób polityków im uległych. Dawna metropolia dążyła do zachowania przy władzy Hissèna Habré, z kolei Libia wspierała Goukouniego Oueddei. Rywalizacja ta doprowadziła do tzw. wojny toyot, która była ostatnią fazą konfliktu czadyjskiego. Działania te, choć nieistotne z punktu widzenia Warszawy, były śledzone z uwagą przez polskich dyplomatów. Zaskakująca jest ich duża wiedza oraz trafność spostrzeżeń i uwag, jakie czynili. Z licznych pism nadsyłanych do Warszawy wyłania się szczegółowy obraz wojny toyot oraz skomplikowanych stosunków, jakie miały na nią wpływ.
    Chad has been a theatre of civil war since as soon as 1965. Initially, rebel groups united under the National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT) aimed to overthrow the then president in office, François Tombalbaye, yet when it happened in 1975, the situation remained unchanged. Leaders of each rebel group differed in their opinions, which, together with intervention of France, USA, Libya and neighboring countries, brought the escalation of hostilities. In the 1980s, Chad became an area of conflicting French and Libyan influences. Both countries made every effort to support politicians in their favor. The former metropolis aimed to uphold the power of Hissène Habré, while Libya supported Goukouni Oueddei. This rivalry finally led to the, so called, Toyota War, which was the final phase of Chadian conflict. These events, despite having no importance for Warsaw, were carefully monitored by Polish diplomats, whose broad knowledge and apt remarks concerning the topic may be surprising. Numerous documents they were sending to Warsaw constitute a detailed account of Toyota War and complicated relations that affected it.
    Źródło:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2017, 55; 165-180
    1505-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zatrucia tlenkiem węgla - statystyki w ostatnim 5-leciu
    Carbon monoxide poisoning - statistics in the last five years
    Autorzy:
    Kocyba, M.
    Glinka, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952239.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    bezpieczeństwo
    tlenek węgla
    czad
    statystyka
    ciepłownictwo
    safety
    carbon monoxide
    chad
    statistics
    heating
    Opis:
    W artykule poruszono problem tlenku węgla ulatniającego się z instalacji ogrzewania wody oraz pomieszczeń mieszkalnych. Przedstawiono proces powstawania omawianego gazu, jego wpływ na organizm ludzki w zależności od stężenia w powietrzu i we krwi. Omówiono profilaktykę, kampanie informacyjne i zabezpieczenia przed nim. Na podstawie danych udostępnionych przez Komendę Główną Państwowej Straży Pożarnej przeanalizowano ilość zdarzeń związanych z tlenkiem węgla, poziom bezpieczeństwa i świadomości Polaków w podanych okresach grzewczych. W związku z powyższym przeprowadzona analiza danych statystycznych może być pomocna przy ocenie stanu bezpieczeństwa podczas minionych sezonów grzewczych.
    The article discusses the problem of carbon dioxide escaping from water heating installations and living quarters. The process of formation of the gas in question, its impact on the human body depending on the concentration in the air and in the blood was superseded. Prophylaxis, information campaigns and protection against it were discussed. Based on data provided by the Main Headquarters of the State Fire Service, the number of events related to carbon monoxide, the level of safety and awareness of Poles in the given heating periods was analyzed. In connection with the above, the analysis of statistical data may be helpful in assessing the security situation during past heating seasons.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, T. 6; 691-707
    2300-5343
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A large extinct marabou stork in African Pliocene hominid sites, and a review of the fossil species of Leptoptilos
    Autorzy:
    Louchart, A
    Vignaud, P.
    Likius, A.
    Brunet, M.
    White, T.D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Ethiopia
    Ciconiidae
    new fossil
    Aves
    fossil
    Leptoptilos falconeri
    Chad
    Africa
    Asia
    Pliocene
    paleontology
    Opis:
    New fossils of the family Ciconiidae from Pliocene hominid localities in Chad and Ethiopia are described, and several are shown to belong to Leptoptilos falconeri, originally known from the late Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills of India. Comparisons with all the hitherto known species of large Ciconiidae, and with an enlarged sample representing extant species, lead to a re−evaluation of some extinct taxa. Several synonymies are proposed, reflecting better the past diversity for this group. L. pliocenicus (Pliocene, Ukraine) is equivalent to L. cf. falconeri. Cryptociconia indica (late Pliocene, Siwalik Hills) belongs to Leptoptilos, and is probably either extant L. dubius or female L. falconeri. L. siwalicensis, from the same locality and also tentatively reported from the late Miocene of Northern Pakistan, is better referred to as Leptoptilini gen. et sp. indet. We consider the two following species as valid. L. titan (Pleistocene, Java) may be a late offshot of the lineage of L. falconeri. L. richae (late Miocene, Tunisia) is the size of L. crumeniferus, and is distinct from L. falconeri. Thus, L. falconeri remains the only ascertained extinct Pliocene species in the tribe Leptoptilini. It was a widespread “giant” marabou stork, in the Pliocene of southern Asia, as well as northern and eastern Africa where it coexisted with different Pliocene hominids, and probably eastern Europe. It weighed up to about 20 kg, reached 2 m in height, and had probably slightly reduced forelimbs. It became extinct by the end of the Pliocene. L. falconeri is an example of a biogeographical link at the species level between the African and Eurasian faunas in the Pliocene. The fossil record indicates the presence of at least one other lineage in Africa since the early Miocene, similar in size to the extant L. crumeniferus.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New look over the housing architectural planning in sub-saharan africa
    Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
    Autorzy:
    Paszkowski, Z. W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/369599.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    housing
    Africa
    Chad Republic
    light steel frame system
    sustainable architecture
    zabudowa mieszkaniowa
    Afryka
    Republika Czad
    system lekkich szkieletów stalowych
    zrównoważona architektura
    Opis:
    The author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.
    Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji.
    Źródło:
    Przestrzeń i Forma; 2018, 34; 83-94
    1895-3247
    2391-7725
    Pojawia się w:
    Przestrzeń i Forma
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy nastąpi podział Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej?
    Will the Central African Republic Be Divided?
    Autorzy:
    Cywa, Izabela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
    Tematy:
    CAR – Central African Republic
    Chad
    France
    Michel Djotodia
    Francois Bozize
    Idriss Deby
    UNICEF
    UN
    CEEAC
    ECCAS
    Misca
    Sangaris
    Faca
    Seleka
    Anti-Balaka
    failed states
    fragile states
    rebellion
    genocide
    humanitarian aid
    religious war
    Muslims
    Christians
    Opis:
    Despite being a mineral-rich country, in 2012 the Central African Republic (CAR) was ranked 10th in the Fragile (formerly Failed) States Index according to Fund for Peace. The history of this country has been turbulent. Regular rebellions and disastrous state economic policies have led to economic, political and social collapses in the CAR. The most recent rebellion, conducted by Michel Djotodia and Séléka’s rebel coalition was different than previous coups, supported financially and military by France and Chad. The rebellion has had several stages and lead to the CAR being accused of cannibalism, religious war and genocide. Its conclusion is meant to be a division of the CAR into the supposedly Muslim and Christian parts, even though it does not reflect the country’s actual religious divide; the majority of the CAR’s mineral resources, however, are located in what would be the Muslim part. The article describes the events that took place between December 2012 and May 2014, which formed the basis of false accusations of genocide, religious war and cannibalism in the CAR. The article points towards the Séléka organisation, which from December 2012 has been carrying out its plan to decimate and mentally and financially impoverish the Central Africans, leading to the country’s division. The article analyses two military organisations that have been fighting each other since December 2013, describing their military aims, the course of fighting and the results of their military actions. The text presents both the consequences of aid given to the CAR by France and Chad, and their hidden agenda.
    Źródło:
    Afryka; 2015, 41; 81-98
    1234-0278
    Pojawia się w:
    Afryka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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