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Tytuł:
Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland
Autorzy:
Milcarz, Katarzyna
Polańska, Kinga
Balwicki, Łukasz
Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Teresa
Hanke, Wojciech
Bąk-Romaniszyn, Leokadia
Kaleta, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-14
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
tobacco
smoking cessation
cessation treatment effectiveness
barriers
motivators
tobacco control
Opis:
Objectives This study aimed at assessment of the perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland. It is hypothesized that different factors can be considered depending on the level of smoking addiction. Therefore, a comparison between light and heavy smokers was performed. Material and Methods Data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study carried out in the Piotrkowski District in October 2016 – February 2017 among 1668 socio-economically disadvantaged persons constituted the source of information for the present study. Barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among daily smokers were identified via face-to face interviews. Results About one-third of the studied population admitted to being current daily smokers, almost 75% of whom were heavy smokers. The most common barriers to quitting smoking were related to difficulties in quitting (62%), the lack of willingness to quit (56%), as well as addiction and withdrawal symptoms (craving cigarettes [65%], habit [56%], stress and mood swings [55%]). A significantly higher proportion of such barriers was noted among heavy smokers compared to light smokers (p < 0.05). The following motivations to quit were pointed out by the respondents: available pharmacotherapy (47%), access to a free-of-charge cessation clinic (40%), and encouragement and support provided by their doctor (30%), with no differences between various levels of smoking addiction (p > 0.05). Conclusions Developing effective interventions targeted at unique deprived populations requires understanding the barriers and motivators to quitting smoking. Social support and financial issues, including free-of-charge pharmacotherapy and cessation clinics, as well as doctor’s encouragement and support, are crucial for successful smoking cessation in this vulnerable population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):363–77
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 3; 363-377
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applications of cytisine extraction and detection in biological materials for clinical medicine
Autorzy:
Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Aebisher, David
Courtney, Ryan
Sobczak, Andrzej
Bober, Zuzanna
Podgórski, Rafał
Kołodziejczyk, Patrycjusz
Tutka, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895314.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
Tematy:
smoking cessation
chromatography
Biomedicine
cytisine extraction
biopharmacy
Opis:
Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. New cost-effective smoking cessation treatments are needed especially in some low-to-middle income countries where smoking rates are rising, and current pharmacotherapy treatments remain cost-prohibitive. Since the 1960’s, cytisine has been used as an effective nicotine substitution agent to aid in smoking cessation albeit limited to a selected few Eastern/Central Europe and Central Asian countries. Cytisine is a biologically active alkaloid of plant origin and is known to be a ligand of nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChRs). For several decades, the properties of cytisine have been investigated and reported in the biomedical and pharmaceutical literature. Due to the beneficial impact of cytisine on smoking cessation and its costly multistep synthesis, there is a growing interest in extraction from natural sources as well as in analytical identification and quantification for clinical medicine and forensic toxicology. In this paper, we present several current analytical approaches to cytisine extraction and identification from biological samples of plant and human origin. The development of extraction techniques will allow for the widespread use of the drug in experimental and clinical pharmacology, toxicology and forensic medicine.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 5; 797-804
0001-6837
2353-5288
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uzależnienie od nikotyny i ocena skuteczności rzucania palenia u dorosłyc
The nicotine addiction and the assessment of the effectiveness of smoking cessation in adults
Autorzy:
Szpringer, Monika
Makowska, Anna
Olędzka, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
"nicotine addiction"
"smoking cessation"
"the consequences of smoking"
Opis:
Introduction: Smoking cigarettes is currently one of the most significant health and social issues. The consequences of smoking affect both individuals as well as entire society. Addiction to nicotine has been recognised as a major environmental factor fostering numerous diseases. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the causes of and motives for quitting smoking among the adult inhabitants of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. The authors were also interested in the level of nicotine addiction. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 209 inhabitants of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski who were former or ongoing smokers. The study employed a survey technique, with the authors’ own questionnaire as a study tool. The Fagerström test determining addiction to nicotine (nicotine dependence) was used too. Results and conclusions: The study revealed that smoking is a serious social issue. The majority of respondents had quit smoking (63.1%), 19.1% had never made any attempt to quit, whereas in 17.7% of respondents the cessation was unsuccessful and they returned to smoking. All respondents were aware of health-affecting consequences of smoking, but were unable to list more than four smoking-related diseases (lung and tongue cancers, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension). Attempts to cease smoking were made by 81,0% of the survey participants, mostly for health and financial reasons (42.0% and 21.3% respectively). Cessation of smoking resulted in numerous side effects, such as irritability (36.4%), outbursts of anger (20.7%), gaining weight (20.4%) or binge eating of sweets (11.7%). The factor preventing respondents from quitting smoking was stress (29,0%).
Wstęp: Palenie papierosów jest aktualnie jednym z najpoważniejszych problemów zdrowotnych i społecznych. Wynikające z niego konsekwencje dotykają zarówno jednostki, jak i całego społeczeństwa. Uzależnienie od nikotyny uznane zostało za główny środowiskowy czynnik powstawania wielu chorób. Cel pracy: Celem badań było poznanie przyczyn oraz motywacji do rzucenia palenia papierosów w grupie dorosłych mieszkańców Ostrowca Świętokrzyskiego. Ponadto autorów interesował stopień uzależnienia od nikotyny badanych osób. Materiał i metody: Badania zostały przeprowadzone wśród 209 mieszkańców miasta Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, byłych oraz obecnych palaczy. Wykorzystano technikę ankiety. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzupełnieniem był specjalistyczny test uzależnienia od nikotyny – test Fagerströma. Wyniki i wnioski: Badania pozwoliły stwierdzić, że palenie papierosów jest poważnym problemem w społeczeństwie. Przeważającą część ankietowanych stanowiły osoby, które rzuciły palenie papierosów (63,1%). Jedynie 19,1% respondentów nigdy nie podjęło się próby rzucenia palenia, a 17,7% proces ten się nie udał i powróciły do nałogu. Wszyscy ankietowani byli świadomi konsekwencji zdrowotnych palenia papierosów, jednak nie byli w stanie wymienić więcej niż cztery choroby powodowane przez papierosy (nowotwór płuc i języka, miażdżyca oraz nadciśnienie). Prób rzucenia palenia podejmowało 81,0% ankietowanych. Najczęstszymi powodami były względy zdrowotne (42,0%) oraz ekonomiczne (21,3%). Rzucanie palenia powodowało występowanie wielu skutków ubocznych: zdenerwowanie (36,4%), wybuchy gniewu (20,7%), przybieranie na wadze (20,4%) oraz spożywanie dużej ilości słodyczy (11,7%). Przeszkodą w procesie rzucania palenia był stres (29,0%).
Źródło:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine; 2016, 19, 1; 43-50
1505-7054
2084-6312
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przesłanki przyjęcia skargi kasacyjnej do rozpoznania w postępowaniu cywilnym
Premises of acceptance of a cessation appeal by the Supreme Court in Polish Civil Procedure
Autorzy:
Marciniak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Cessation appeal
Code of Civil Procedure
Supreme Court
Opis:
The paper deals with problems connected with the premises conditioning the acceptance of a cessation appeal by the Supreme Court, in particular the interpretation and practical use of article 3989 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In the first place, a legal institution called a “przedsąd”, a first stage of the process of examining a cessation appeal by the Supreme Court, is briefly summarized. Subsequently, the author explains questions common to all the premises regulated by article 3989 of the Code of Civil Procedure and the connection between those premises and the grounds for a cessation appeal. Next, the author proceeds to interpret the premises governed by article 3989 of the Code of Civil Procedure and explains how they are put into practice. The last part of the paper contains the author’s conclusions: the premises are strongly connected with the public interest and the development of law; putting them into practice demands a lot of work, even from lawyers.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2014, 3; 37-54
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use accompanying legislative changes in tobacco policy in Poland in the years 2010–2019
Autorzy:
Opoczyńska-Świeżewska, Dagmara
Raciborski, Filip
Samoliński, Bolesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
smoking cessation
Polska
tobacco
smoking
prevalence
smoke-free policy
Opis:
ObjectivesTobacco use is one of the most serious public health problems. Each year, it contributes to preventable disability and death of 8 million people worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the change in the prevalence of tobacco and e-cigarettes use among Polish adults in the years 2010–2019 and the potential impact of legislative interventions on tobacco consumption in Poland.Material and MethodsThe research was based on an analysis of secondary data obtained from a cross-sectional study as part of the public opinion monitoring in Poland. The study was carried out in 2 editions (2010 and 2019) on representative samples of approximately 1000 Polish residents >18 years of age.ResultsThe proportion of traditional cigarette smokers decreased from 30.4% to 26.0% in the years 2010–2019 (p < 0.05). In the male group decreased from 40.3% to 31.0% (p < 0.001); among females, the values remained at the same level (21.3%). The greatest change in the percentage of current smokers was recorded in cities with ≥500 000 inhabitants (from 30.3% to 17.1%) and <100 000 inhabitants (from 31.5% to 24.6%) (p < 0.05). The total support for the new legal regulations increased from 73.9% to 89.8% (p < 0.001). The use of e-cigarettes in 2019 declared only 1.9%.ConclusionsThe percentage of adult traditional cigarette smokers decreased significantly between 2010 and 2019 (mainly among men). Among women, the percentage of cigarette smokers remained the same. The most significant declines in cigarette smoking were also observed among residents of the largest cities (≥500 000 inhabitants). During the same period, there was a further increase in the acceptance of legal restrictions on smoking cigarettes in public places. E-cigarette use among adults is a niche phenomenon in Poland, but it is much more prevalent among women than men.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 4; 393-405
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Rainfall Trend in Sokoto State, Nigeria (1987-2016)
Autorzy:
Ekoh, Harrison Charles
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cessation
Trends in Rainfall Pattern
climate change
climatic parameter
Opis:
Rainfall is an important climatic parameter. The study examined the nature of trend in annual rainfall amount and rainfall attributes such as onset, cessation dates and hydrological growing season. This study was carried out to determine if there was any significant change in rainfall in the study area. Walter’s 1967 formula was used to determine the onset, cessation and hydrological growing season. The results obtained were then subjected to a time-series analysis. The findings showed that annual rainfall in Sokoto from 1987 to 2016 is on the increase, Onset dates showed early onset of recent. The rains stopped late thereby increasing the hydrological growing season. The latest onset date occurred on 4th July in the years 1995 and 2016 and the earliest onset date on 12th April in the year 2015. The earliest cessation date was recorded on 22nd August in the year 1987 and the latest on 18th October in the years 2009 and 2010. The Hydrological growing season was longest (162 days) in 2015, this was seen to be a result of the onset dates of rainfall occurring earlier and cessation dates later. Despite the upward trend rainfall is variable and unreliable and insufficient to meet the water needs of the plants, and this has a great implication resulting in cases of seasonal drought occurrences and reduced agricultural yield. The government policies as related to agriculture and water resources development should be based on recent rainfall parameters.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2020, 28; 171-186
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New laws to reduce tobacco smoking changed attitudes to the problem, but not the percentage of smokers
Autorzy:
Opoczyńska-Swieżewska, D.
Raciborski, F.
Samoliński, B.K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
tobacco cessation
smoke-free policy
smoking epidemiology
public health
Opis:
Introduction. The epidemic of tobacco smoking remains one of the most important challenges in public health. It is associated with premature death. For this reason, the Act of 9 November 1995 on the Protection of Public Health against the Effects of Use of Tobacco and Tobacco Products, as amended on 15 November 2010, implemented significant additional restrictions on smoking in public places. Objective. The objective of this study is evaluation of the impact of smoking regulations on social behaviour and attitude to the legal forms of tobacco control, due to the new smoke-free policy. Materials and method. A secondary statistical analysis of third party data was used in the study. The material was obtained from the Public Opinion Research Centre. Polls are conducted among representative samples of about 1,000 adult inhabitants of Poland. The studies on cigarette smoking were carried out in 3 editions (2010, 2011, 2012). Results. The collected data on tobacco smoking before and after implementation of the Act show that the number of smokers remained at a comparable level – about 30% (p=0.891). Between 2010–2012, an increase was observed in the percentage of people supporting the smoking ban in public places. The total number of people who definitely or rather supported the smoking ban increased from 75.6% in 2010 to 85.0% in 2012 (p<0.001). Conclusions. The restrictive smoking ban in public places implemented in 2010 did not have an impact on the number of smokers in the studied time interval, although an increase in the number of people supporting the smoking ban in public places was observed.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 3; 546-551
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effective growth cessation in adult Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Germany
Autorzy:
Nagel, K.-O.
Dumpelmann, C.
Pfeiffer, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/83781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska. Stowarzyszenie Malakologów Polskich
Tematy:
growth cessation
adult
age determination
Unio crassus
Bivalvia
Unionidae
Germany
Źródło:
Folia Malacologica; 2015, 23, 4
1506-7629
Pojawia się w:
Folia Malacologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effectiveness of antismoking campaigns using health shock appeals among male university students in Western Australia
Autorzy:
Khandaker, Shahriar
Rana, Juwel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
smoking
cessation attempts
antismoking campaigns
advertising appeals
shock health appeals.
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2016, 3; 253-261
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gender, age, social disadvantage and quitting smoking in Argentina and Uruguay
Autorzy:
Niedzin, M.
Gaszyńska, E.
Krakowiak, J.
Saran, T.
Szatko, F.
Kaleta, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
tobacco smoking cessation
socio-economic factors
adults
GATS
Argentina
Uruguay
Opis:
Introduction. Cessation of tobacco use has the potential to provide the greatest immediate benefits for tobacco control. Understanding the social determinants of smoking cessation is an essential requirement for increasing smoking cessation at the population level. The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic dimensions associated with cessation success among adults in Argentina and Uruguay. Materials and methods. Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), a cross-sectional, population-based, nationally representative survey conducted in Argentina (n=5,383) and Uruguay (n=4,833) was utilized. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with results being presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were applied to study differences among those respondents who sustained smoking abstinence (≥1 year) and those who continued smoking. Results. The GATS study revealed that social gradients in tobacco quitting exist in Argentina and Uruguay. Being aged 25–34, particularly men in Uruguay, women in Argentina, low educated men in Argentina and having a lower asset index were associated with reduced odds for quitting. Conclusion. Factors that are driving differences in smoking cessation between diverse social groups in Latin America countries need to be considered when implementing relevant interventions to ensure tobacco control strategies work effectively for all population segments.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 1; 100-107
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Behaviors, attitudes and opinions of medical students in the field of smoking and anti-smoking counseling in two countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Hejda, Paulina
Hubert-Lutecka, Agnieszka
Chmiel, Zdzisława
Sidor, Adam
Iwanowicz-Palus, Grażyna
Żal, Marcin
Koryl, Agnieszka
Binkowska-Bury, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
anti-smoking education
cessation training
ciggarete smoking
medical students
tobbaco smoking
Opis:
Introduction. Europe is the region with the greatest proportion of deaths (16%) attributable to tobacco smoking worldwide. Medical students and physicians should set an example of tobacco-smoking abstinence for their patients. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare opinions on behaviors and attitudes of Czech and Polish medical students about tobacco smoking and the position of a physician in anti-smoking counseling. Material and methods. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was conducted among 707 medical students in Czech Republic in 2011 and among 1164 medical students in Poland. Results. Twety percent of polish and 25,7% of Czech medical students declared current tobacco smoking. Eighty-one percent in Poland and 60% in Czech Republic felt that physicians should be trained in smoking cessation techniques but only 27% of the medical students in Poland and 2,8% in Czech Republic , declared that such a course had been realized during the course of their education. Conclusion. Over a fifth of Polish students and a quarter of Czech students declared themselves as active smokers. It is worrying that about half of Polish students were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, while only one-fifth of Czech students declared such exposure. Polish and Czech students agreed that the doctor will play an important role in the patient’s smoking cessation process and that physicians should give advice on quitting smoking.
Źródło:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2020, 3; 206-213
2544-2406
2544-1361
Pojawia się w:
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gender perspective in the analysis of the relationship between health and work cessation, and how to deal with it
Autorzy:
Piłat, Aleksandra
Galaś, Aleksander
Wilga, Michał
Cabello, Maria
Koskinen, Seppo
Haro, Josep M.
Leonardi, Matilde
Tobiasz–Adamczyk, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
self-rated health
unemployment
gender differences
workforce
chronic disease
work cessation
Opis:
ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between health and an early exit from paid employment in the Finnish, Polish, and Spanish populations. The authors have addressed the following 3 issues: who chooses not to work according to gender patterns, whether the health status is a determinant of being non-employed, and what diseases are associated with being non-employed.Material and MethodsThe studied material consists of data from the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe (COURAGE in Europe) project. The analysis was based on a sample of 5868 individuals, including 1214 from Finland, 2152 from Poland and 2532 from Spain. In the paper, these data were complemented with the results of the PArticipation To Healthy Workplaces And inclusive Strategies in the Work Sector (PATHWAYS) project. Results: The results of the study revealed that self-rated health was a strong predictor of being non-employed for different reasons. Chronic diseases, such as arthritis, angina, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and hypertension, were typically associated with an increased risk of being non-employed due to health problems and early retirement. Women more frequently reported arthritis and depression, while a higher proportion of men suffered from angina and diabetes.ConclusionsThe results obtained by the authors highlight the importance of evaluating gender patterns in work cessation and, at the same time, the importance of gender-focused actions in terms of preventing withdrawal from the labor market. In principle, all chronic diseases have some impact on participation in the labor market. It is worth noting, however, that each of them affects workforce participation in a different manner, depending on the specific disease, country and gender. For this reason, tailored support to every individual’s needs is highly recommended.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 3; 365-384
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Directions of Change in the Regulation of the Notion of Insolvency under the Polish Bankruptcy Law
Autorzy:
Zarzycki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803260.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
cessation of debt repayment
presumption of insolvency
satisfaction of matured
liabilities
excess indebtedness
Opis:
The study outlines three concepts of legal regulation of the concept of insolvency based on the pre-war bankruptcy law, the bankruptcy and reorganization law and the new bankruptcy law in force today. The aim is to capture the overall direction of the optimal model of regulation. The concept of insolvency, which determines the possibility of opening bankruptcy proceedings, is of key importance here. Bankruptcy, which typically entails stigmatisation of an undertaking to a lesser or greater degree, has a negative impact on its social and economic environment. A declaration of bankruptcy is, albeit imperfect, an alternative to a singular enforcement, which leads to the satisfaction of one creditor at the expense of the others. The legal regulation of insolvency should weigh up the interests of the debtor and his creditors. The new “philosophy” of understanding the notion of insolvency can be partly reconciled with the achievements of the pre-war bankruptcy law. At the same time, the legislator should be open to new solutions, which are in step with the practice of law enforcement.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 3; 129-150
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the silver fir forest vegetation 50 years after cessation of active management
Autorzy:
Woziwoda, B.
Kopec, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58367.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
silver fir
Abies alba
forest vegetation
cessation
successional change
forest nature reserve
management
Polska
Opis:
Knowledge of the vegetation and the monitoring of its changes in preserved areas is an essential part of effective conservation policy and management. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of traditional methods of conservation of silver fir forests. The study analyses the changes in the structure and species composition of a temperate forest excluded from the commercial silvicultural management for 50 years, and since then protected as a nature reserve. The study is based on a comparative analysis of phytosociological reléves made on permanent plots in 1961, 1982, 1994 and 2011. PCA and ecological indicator values were analyzed, as well as characteristic species based on an indicator value (IndVal) index. Results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the forest structure and composition. The mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest with Abies alba and diverse ground flora, considered in the 1960s as valuable and worthy of conservation, was found to have been anthropogenically transformed and unstable. Significant reduction in the human impact was followed by spontaneous regeneration of oak–hornbeam forest. However, the directional process of changes in vegetation was modified by such silvicultural treatments as selective cutting of trees and gap creation, all intended for silver fir maintenance. The results show that Carpinus betulus effectively outcompeted Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus robur and A. alba. Changes in the forest overstory and understory caused temporal changes in the habitat conditions reflected in changes in the ground vegetation composition. The proportion of light-demanding and oligotrophic species significantly decreased, while the contribution of species with a wide ecological amplitude, i.e. more shade-tolerant and nutrient-demanding – increased. The share of A. alba was reduced. Species defined in this study as most valuable, should be actively protected, or selection of conservation targets should be re-evaluated.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2015, 84, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users among Polish universities students
Autorzy:
Zarobkiewicz, M.K.
Wawryk-Gawda, E.
Wozniakowski, M.M.
Slawinski, M.A.
Jodlowska-Jedrych, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/873092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
questionnaire research
tobacco smoking
smoker
electronic cigarette
Polska
university
student
smoking cessation
nicotine
dependence
Opis:
Background. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour – in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places. Objective. The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students. Material and methods. Students of different Polish state universities were asked to fill a self-prepared survey on cigarettesmoking and electronic cigarette usage. 1068 fulfilled questionnaires were gathered. The population was divided into two subgroups – medical universities’ students (n=545) and non-medical universities students (n=523). Results. 23.78% of respondents declared current smoking while 57.0% admitted ever smoking. The mean duration of smoking among current smokers was 4.17 ± 2.53 years. 56.30% of current smokers tried quitting at least once. 31.46% of students declared ever using e-cigarettes (37.28% (n=195) among non-medical universities’ students and 25.87% (n=141) among medical universities’ students and 8.33% current usage. Among the latter 52.81% admitted simultaneous smoking. 26.97% of current e-cigarettes’ users declared having experienced side effects of e-cigarettes. 42.70% (n=456) of respondents viewed e-cigarettes as safer than conventional cigarettes, this group comprises of 40.54% (n=212) non-medical and 44.77% (n=244) medical universities’ students. 85.39% (n=912) of students viewed e-cigarettes as generally unhealthy, there were 83.56% (n=437) non-medical and 87.16% (n=475) medical universities’ students among this group. Conclusions. The frequency of e-cigarettes usage resembles current status in many Western countries. Collected data shows high frequency of e-cigarettes usage and conventional cigarettes smoking among students (also medical universities’ students). The situation requires intensive preventive measures to limit and reduce the popularity of tobacco products along with modern equivalents like electronic cigarettes.
Wprowadzenie. Elektroniczne papierosy (e-papierosy) są niewielkimi urządzeniami elektronicznymi, zasilanymi bateriami. Po ogrzaniu płynu zawartego w papierosie utworzona zostaje para, zawierającą określona ilość nikotyny i substancji zapachowych. E-papierosy są szeroko reklamowane na całym świecie, najczęściej jako zdrowsza alternatywa dla tradycyjnych papierosów, pomoc w rzucaniu nałogu tytoniowego lub sposób na ominięcie zakazu palenia w miejscach publicznych. Cel. Celem badania było uzyskanie danych epidemiologicznych dotyczących palenia papierosów oraz używania e-papierosów przez studentów polskich publicznych uczelni wyższych. Materiał i metody. Studenci wielu polskich publicznych uczelni wyższych zostali poproszeni o wypełnienie autorskiego formularza ankietowego na temat palenia papierosów oraz użytkowania e-papierosów. Do analizy użyto 1068 prawidłowo wypełnionych formularzy ankiety. Grupa respondentów została podzielona na dwie podgrupy – studentów uniwersytetów medycznych (n=545) oraz niemedycznych (n=523). Wyniki. Wśród ankietowanych 23.78% zadeklarowało aktywne palenie w momencie wypełniania ankiety, 57.0% przyznało się do palenia papierosów kiedykolwiek w przeszłości. Średnia długość nałogu obecnych palaczy wynosi 4.17 ± 2.53 lat. 56.30% obecnych palaczy próbowało przynajmniej raz rzucić nałóg. 31.46% ankietowanych deklarowało użycie e-papierosów przynajmniej jeden raz. Wśród nich 37.28% (n=195) stanowili studenci uczelni niemedycznych i 25.87% (n=141) studenci uczelni medycznych. 8.33% badanych używa ich obecnie, pośród nich 52.81% zadeklarowało jednoczasowe palenie tradycyjnych papierosów. 26.97% obecnych użytkowników e-papierosów deklarowało odczuwanie przynajmniej raz skutków ubocznych korzystania z tych urządzeń. 42.70% (n=456) badanych uważa e-papierosy za bezpieczniejsze dla zdrowia od tradycyjnych papierosów, na tą grupę przypada 40.54% (n=212) studentów uczelni niemedycznych oraz 44.77% (n=244) medycznych. 85.39% ankietowanych (n=912) uważa e-papierosy za niekorzystne dla zdrowia, z czego 83.56% (n=437) to studenci uczelni niemedycznych i 87.16% (n=475) medycznych. Wnioski. Odsetek populacji polskich studentów używających e-papierosy jest zbliżony do wyników uzyskanych przez badaczy w wielu krajach zachodnich. Dane te wskazują na częste używanie e-papierosów i papierosów tradycyjnych wśród studentów, w tym także studentów uczelni medycznych. Wymagają one podjęcia intensywnych działań prewencyjnych, ukierunkowanych na ograniczenie popularności wyrobów tytoniowych oraz ich nowoczesnych odpowiedników.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2016, 67, 1
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 24

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