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Tytuł:
Independence of Central Bank as a Basis for Institutional Politics of Monetary Policy
Autorzy:
Kraś, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
central bank
monetary policy
Opis:
The course of economic processes of economy is regulated by its products and production factors in which supply and demand are equalized. The most important role is given to money as a measurement of value (ensuring valuation), means of payment (allowing the settling the payments) as well as a means of hoarding (allowing savings). Primarily the market economy is a monetary economy. Money is used for buying and selling, for granting loans, accumulating savings. Every functional entity of the market such as enterprises, households are taking part in these processes. An important role of these processes is taken by the purchasing power of money, which has an eff ect on those participating in economy and social life. If the value of the money is constant it brings safety in life not only from the economic but also the social point of view. We can not agree more than to say that stable currency is of great social value. The central bank takes a major role to a guard keeping the currency at a stable level. Proper functioning of the central bank is strictly connected with its independence. It allows the monetary policy to be conducted properly in a country.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 444-460
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges of central banks as regulators to the development of the FinTech sector
Autorzy:
Folwarski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
central bank
FinTech sector
Opis:
Companies from the innovative technologies sector implement their solutions on the financial market. Their dynamic development is, amongst other things, caused both a loss of trust in traditional financial market entities and a change in consumer preferences related to the increasing use of financial services through electronic banking, specifically mobile banking. These trends, as well as legal regulations (e.g. the PSD2 Directive), and also the possibility of obtaining banking licenses by FinTech, have led to revolutionary changes on the financial markets. This is why there is a great challenge for central banks in the regulation and constant monitoring of entities from the FinTech sector that provide financial services. In connection with these changes, a survey was conducted among central banks asking them for opinions on the FinTech sector. As part of the research, numerous opinions were obtained which according to central banks indicate, among others, on: • the positive impact of the FinTech sector on the banking market • the need for cooperation between the banks and the FinTech sector, rather than establish competition • the specific analysis of cybernetic risk as a threat due to the growing scale of FinTech’s operations
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2019, 77, 4; 50-62
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of central banks in the market economy in a period of financial crisis
Rola banków centralnych w gospodarce rynkowej w czasie kryzysu finansowego
Autorzy:
Kamba-Kibatshi, Marcel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Polish central bank
financial crisis
Opis:
Bank centralny nie jest typowym podmiotem gospodarczym (nie ma charakteru komercyjnego) ani urzędem administracji państwowej, choć skupia w sobie niektóre ich cechy. Banki centralne ze względu na spełniane funkcje i realizowane zadania są uważane za instytucje sektora publicznego. Są one jednostkami państwowymi lub podporządkowanymi państwu, o różnym stopniu niezależności, np.: w USA i Niemczech bank centralny ma znaczą autonomię, zaś w Japonii, Wielkiej Brytanii i Norwegii w dużym stopniu podlega państwu. W Polsce bank centralny (NBP) odpowiada za stabilność narodowego pieniądza. Wypełniając swój konstytucyjny obowiązek, bank centralny (NBP) opracowuje i realizuje strategię polityki pieniężnej, a także i uchwalane corocznie założenia polityki pieniężnej. Poprzez zarządzanie rezerwami dewizowymi zapewnia odpowiedni poziom bezpieczeństwa finansowego państwa. W ramach pełnionych funkcji nadzorczych i regulacyjnych NBP dba o płynność, sprawność i bezpieczeństwo systemu płatniczego. Przyczynia się również do rozwoju bezpiecznej infrastruktury rynku finansowego.
The central bank – isn't a typical business entity (it’s character is not commercial), neither a body of government administration, although some central bank’s attributes seems to be similar to those units. The central banks with regard for fulfilled functions and implemented tasks are considered to be public sector bodies. The central banks are the state units or units subordinated to the state, which has various degree of independence, e.g.: in the USA and Germany the central bank is characterised with large extend of autonomy but in Japan, the Great Britain and Norway the central bank is subordinated to the state in a large degree. In Poland the central bank (the National Bank of Poland) is responsible for a stability of national currency. The National Bank of Poland, fulfilling its’ constitutional duty, is preparing and implementing the strategy of monetary policy, as well as assumptions of monetary policy which are enacted every year. The central bank is ensuring appropriate level of state’s financial safety by the managing of foreign currency reserves. In the range of fulfilled supervisory and regulatory functions the National Bank of Poland is being concerned for the fluidity, the efficiency and the safety of payment system. It’s also contributing to development of safe infrastructure of financial market
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2012, 26; 27-44
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys jako skutek kryzysu funkcji pieniądza i kryzysu instytucji
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
money, central bank, financial crisis
Opis:
The paper analyses transformation of functions of money and addition of a newone. The newest function transforms money from a right to buy goods and servicesinto the right to buy money itself.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 13-34
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of the euro as an international currency for Polish private and public sectors - selected issues
Autorzy:
Pszczółka, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
foreign reserves
central bank, bank instruments
international currencies
Opis:
The paper discusses the usage of the euro as a parallel currency in Poland. The aim is to assess the importance of the euro as an international currency for Polish residents, with particular emphasis on reserve and investment currency. The main stress is put on the assessment of the use of euro-denominated bank deposits and loans. The paper is based on the international literature and statistical data. Main sources of necessary data were taken from publications delivered by European Central Banka and National Bank of Poland.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2022, 41, 6; 16-26
2082-8500
2083-4314
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Central Bank in Foreign Exchange Inspection in Selected Countries of the European Union – as seen in the Example of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany
Autorzy:
Kowalewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-16
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
central bank
foreign exchange inspection
supervision
Opis:
The activity of central banks in EU states is based on similar assumptions. Their aim is usually to maintain a stable level of prices and to support the state’s economic policy. Central banks are responsible for issuing money and for monetary policy. They have been equipped with adequate instruments to this end. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that legislation in Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany vested another important function in the central banks, namely foreign exchange inspection. However, this function is exercised differently in each of them. The central banks of countries referred to above are not only responsible for currency in circulation within the country but also for the balance of payments. Also, by pursuing their own foreign exchange policy they ensure an adequate position of the national currency in relation to foreign ones. The foreign exchange inspection in each of these countries is based on a different tradition and at the same time outlines the special role of the central bank. The analysis herein makes it possible to establish the scope of this inspection, taking into account the dynamics of changes that occur on the legal ground. What is also important here is whether a given country is only a member of the European Union or a member of the EU and of the euro area. The adopted research methodology is based on analysis of legislation in force with a reference to views expressed by legal commentators.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2021, 45, 2; 183-206
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the voting method used in the European Central Bank
Autorzy:
Sosnowska, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406312.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
voting
European Central Bank
Shapley value
Opis:
Game theoreticians usually deal with standard voting methods such as plurality voting or approval voting. In reality however, some complicated non-standard voting methods are used. In this paper the voting method and rotation scheme have been presented used by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB), as it enlarges to accommodate new members of the economic and monetary union. We present game theoretical approaches for analyzing this method and different methods of computing the Shapley value for games connected with voting under such rotation schemes.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2013, 23, 1; 75-86
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzysowa polityka pieniężna – podstawowe dylematy
Crisis and Monetary Policy – Major Dilemmas
Autorzy:
Tomkiewicz, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
monetary policy
central bank
financial crisis
Opis:
Purpose: The goal of the text is to show a number of challenges which major central banks must face today. Impressive engagement of the central banks in counter-crisis policy leads to many controversial decisions and its results are not clear both for economic theory and for real economy. For now, one cannot show a full overview of the policy of central banks – on the one hand, thanks to the expansionary monetary policy, recession was quite shallow and the risk in financial markets has declined, but on the other hand, few side effects of this policy can be mentioned, which can jeopardize economic stability in the future. Methodology: The paper has a theoretical character. The findings are based on a literature review and an analysis of the major macroeconomic data. Findings: The text indicates the most important areas which have to be investigated by central banks. There are serious doubts about issues like: inflation targeting as a fundamental part of monetary policy, the efficiency of monetary policy instruments and the side effects of loose monetary policy. Originality: The text presents quite a new approach in analyzing macroeconomic policy by indicating important gaps in contemporary economic knowledge according to which economic policy is conducted.
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2013, 21, 2(121); 38-48
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Origin of the Polish National Loan Fund and Its Operation on the Polish Lands
Autorzy:
Komierzyńska-Orlińska, Eliza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-28
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
issuing bank
central bank
currency reform
monetary system
Opis:
The idea of establishing the Bank of Poland as the central bank of the Second Polish Republic and introducing a new currency appeared shortly after Poland regained its independence. At the beginning of 1919, in the economic circles it was believed that one of the initial steps taken by the government would be to establish a new issuing bank in place of the Polish National Loan Fund, which had appeared on the Polish territory in an emergency situation—during the First World War, and which, contrary to the original (both German and Polish) plans survived for 7 years and was transformed after the war into the first bank of issue in the now independent Polish State. The Polish National Loan Fund established by the Germans as an issuing institution by way of the ordinance of December 9, 1916 establishing the Polnische Landes Darlehnskasse was granted the privilege of issuing a new currency, that is a new monetary unit under the name marka polska. The German authorities were guided by various objectives when creating the new issuing institution—first of all, the aim was to limit the area of circulation of the German mark and to create an instrument that would draw in the occupied area of the Polish territory to finance the war, contrary to the assurances of the occupying authorities that the PKKP would be an institution supporting the economy and banking system of the country—the Kingdom of Poland, whose creation was envisaged after the end of World War I.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 3; 45-69
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powstanie i rozwój bankowości centralnej
The Rise and Evolution of Central Banking
Autorzy:
Stolarska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1856539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
bank
bank centralny
bankowość
pieniądz
central bank
banking
money
Opis:
The rise of central banking in the world and in Poland has become necessary. The desire for economic evolution in particular countries forced them to look for finances and also for proper ways of investing them. Moreover, the issue of money by private banks contributed to many crises. The history of central banking in Poland goes back to the beginning of the 17th century. It started with a discussion – that lasted over 60 years – over setting up a public bank. It was set up only in1828, and then closed down in 1885. The further history of central banking in Poland depended on the economic situation obtaining at the moment in the country, as well as on the political situation. At the time when Poland was partitioned mainly the occupant countries' banks worked. When Poland recovered its independence the main task was the settlement of the monetary circulation and of the credit, supporting the stability of the new currency, and the economic development of the country. After World War II the new government and the new system brought a central bank that was entirely dependent on the state. The present shape of the central bank is the result of evolution and transformation of the Polish state and of the banking system.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2004, 32, 3; 153-168
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zmian w funkcjonowaniu bankowości centralnej w Polsce po 1924 roku
The analysis of changes in the functioning of central banking in Poland after 1924
Autorzy:
Pszczółka, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
bank centralny
niezależność banku centralnego
Narodowy Bank Polski
Bank Polski SA
central bank
independence of the central bank
National Bank of Poland
Opis:
Cel – Celem artykułu jest porównanie banków centralnych funkcjonujących w Polsce po 1924 r.w zakresie ich kompetencji i poziomu niezależności. Opis – Przeprowadzone porównanie dotyczy funkcjonowania banków centralnych, zarówno w kontekście organizacyjnym, jak i ich niezależności w wymiarze funkcjonalnym, instytucjonalnopersonalnym i finansowym. Uwzględniono głównie działalność Banku Polskiego SA oraz Narodowego Banku Polskiego (NBP). Pomimo przerwy w niezależności banku centralnego w Polsce w latach 1945-1989, po 1989 r. udało się ją odbudować. W przeciwieństwie do Banku Polskiego SA, który działał jako prywatna spółka akcyjna, NBP działa jako instytucja państwowa. Od 1989 r. NBP przejął pełną odpowiedzialnośćza politykę pieniężną wraz z zakazem finansowania deficytu budżetowego, co zapewniło mu niezależność funkcjonalną i finansową. Obecnie NBP jest najbardziej niezależnym polskim bankiem centralnym od momentu odzyskania niepodległości w 1918 r. Podstawowe metody badawcze wykorzystane w artykule to studia literatury krajowej oraz aktów prawnych regulujących działalność bankowości centralnej w Polsce.
Purpose – The main aim of the article is to compare central banks functioning in Poland after 1924 (Bank Polski SA and NBP) in therms of their competence and level of independence. Description – The conducted comparison concerns the functioning of central banks, both in the organizational context as well as their independence in the functional, institutional and personal as well as financial dimension, with particular emphasis on Bank Polski SA and the National Bank of Poland (NBP). Despite the break in the independence of the central bank in Poland in 1945-1989, after 1989 this independence was rebuilt. In contrast to Bank Polski SA, which acted as a private joint-stock company, the NBP operates as a state institution, but since 1989 it has taken full responsibility for monetary policy together with a ban on financing the budget deficit, which ensured functional and financial independence. Currently, the NBP is the most independent Polish central bank after regaining independence in 1918. The paper is based on the national literature and legal acts regulating the activity of central banking in Poland.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2019, 1(95); 72-82
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) - Barriers to Its Introduction
Autorzy:
Nocoń, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
central bank digital currency
digital money
CBDC
Opis:
Theoretical background: The beginning of the third decade of the 21st century brought a dynamic development of new technologies, intensifying the ongoing process of digitalization of the global economy. Among these changes, one of the undoubtedly noticeable areas that are developed both on theoretical and practical grounds is the central bank digital currency (CBDC). It is a new – different from cash – currency issued by the monetary authorities, considered as a response to the development of private virtual currencies, which is aimed at the same time to improve the circulation of money. An increasing number of central banks are considering issuing their own CBDC. According to the BIS studies, in 2021 nine out of ten central banks actively research implementation of a digital currency. This number is constantly growing. More and more monetary authorities are at an advanced stage of CBDC work, 26% of central banks already running pilot tests (compared to only 8% in 2018). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to identify barriers to the central bank digital currency introduction as well the case study analysis of the current involvement of selected central banks in the process of its implementation. Research methods: The main research method used in the conducted empirical research is the case study analysis of selected central banks that have undertaken works on the CBDC implementation. The research verifies the main hypothesis that despite growing involvement of central banks in the work for the issue of CBDC, its barriers and limitations are large enough to inhibit practical implementation. Main findings: The results indicated that such barriers as limited validity period, lack of anonymity and full control of a central bank over its use may significantly limit further monetary authorities’ work on its implementation.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2023, 57, 2; 67-86
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does Central Bank Independence have any effect on inflation in Sub-Saharan African Economies?
Autorzy:
Toure, Abdou Aziz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Central Bank Independence
Inflation
Sub-Saharan Africa
Opis:
This paper aims at assessing the potential effect of central bank independence on inflation in the Sub -Saharan countries. It suggests an extended empirical approach that distinguishes various measures of de jure and de facto independence. Results based on a panel data model of inflation clearly indicate that greater independence does indeed translate into decreased inflation. More specifically, de jure independence tends to matter more than de facto independence, and all of the political, legal and economic aspects of independence seem to be equally important. These results could further convince political authorities in the sub-continent about the necessity of less interference with the monetary authorities for the benefit of more stable dynamics of their economy.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 134, 2; 270-280
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europejska sieć bezpieczeństwa finansowego. Rozwiązania pokryzysowe
European system of financial supervision
Autorzy:
Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
central bank
supervision
guarantee scheme
resolution
regulation
Opis:
The author reviews the EU financial supervisory and regulatory architecture which was introduced in 2010 as a response to the global financial crisis. The aim of this paper is to discuss the gaps identified in the financial safety net, as well as the decisions made by policymakers to strengthen financial regulation and supervision. Special attention is given to the financial stability mandate, micro- and macroprudential supervision, and resolution mechanism. The changes implemented are expected to reduce the severity of any future financial crisis.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 1(53); 7-24
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The primary goal of monetary policy: reflections on the nature of the problem
Autorzy:
Hetmańczuk, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14134354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-23
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
central bank
monetary policy
price stability
inflation
Opis:
Aim: In this article, the state of the discourse concerning the final goal of the modern central bank is presented, in particular the aim of price stability, understood as low and stable inflation.   Design/Research methods: The article was prepared on the basis of scientific publications in the field of monetary policy as well as materials and documents from different central banks, including the US Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank.   Conclusions/findings: Low and stable inflation reduces uncertainty about future price developments. This facilitates decision-making for companies concerning production and investment, and for households concerning consumption and saving. From a macroeconomic point of view, price stability is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the economy and for achieving high growth rates. In practice, the need for a quantifiable definition has been disregarded, while only a descriptive and qualitative definition of price stability is insufficient for an effective monetary policy and the implementation of the anti-inflationary mission by the central bank.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2021, 5, 1; 77-101
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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