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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 34
Tytuł:
Przyczynowość w ekonomii. Najnowsze badania i nierozwiązane problemy
Causation in Economics. The Most Recent Analyses and the Unsolved Problems
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
-
causation
the philosophy of economics
recent research
causation in economics
Opis:
The main aim of my article is indicating the unsolved research problems connected to causation in the area of the philosophy of economics. First, I briefly define causation and discuss two most notable approaches, i.e. the realist theory of causation and the instrumentalist theory of causation. Second, I review the most recent researches focused on the problem of causation in economics. Third, I discuss a number of case studies. On the grounds of comparison of the research practice of economists and the current issues undertaken by the philosophers of economics, I conclude that there is a gap between the research practice and the normative methodological analyses and indicate the research questions that need to be answered.
-
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causality and inference in economics: An unended quest
Autorzy:
Maziarz, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
causation
the philosophy of economics
recent research
causation in economics
Opis:
The aim of this article is to point to the unsolved research problems connected to causation in the philosophy of economics. First, the paper defines causation and discusses two notable approaches, i.e. the realist theory of causation and the instrumentalist theory of causation. Second, it offers a review the current research activity focusing on the problem of causation in economics. Third, it discusses several case studies. On the grounds of comparison of the research practice of economists and the current issues undertaken by the philosophers of economics, the paper concludes that there is a gap between the research practice and the normative methodological analyses and indicate the research questions that need to be addressed.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 5; 67-81
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agenskausalität – „per accidens” und „per se”
Agent causality – ‟per accidens” and ‟per se”
Autorzy:
Hüntelmann, Rafael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
Kausalität
Agenskausalität
Hume
causa per se
causa per accidens
Causation
agent causation
Opis:
Sofern die Agenskausalität in der Gegenwartsphilosophie noch eine Rolle spielt, wird nicht mehr unterschieden zwischen Kausalität per accidens und Kausalität per se. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele werde ich die Bedeutung dieser Unterscheidung für die philosophische Analyse herausstellen. Weiterhin sollen die zentralen Bestimmungen dieser beiden Arten der Agenskausalität dargestellt werden und daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die Kausaltheorie gezogen werden.
Insofar as agent causality still plays a role in contemporary philosophy, there is no longer a distinction between causality per accidens and causality per se. Using various examples, I will highlight the importance of this distinction for philosophical analysis. Furthermore, the central determinations of these two types of agent causality will be presented and conclusions for causal theory will be drawn.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2022, 23; 385-391
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charles Sanders Peirce’s Evolutionary Developmental Teleology
Autorzy:
McCall, Bradford L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26470070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
Causation
Charles Sanders Peirce
Teleology
Opis:
With this author writing from and working in a context that is partially indebted to process theology, the following essay does not defend the God of classical theism; that is, the omniscient, omnipotent, immutable God defended by Thomas Aquinas in the Summa theologiae, for example. In some very real sense, this essay may only make sense in the context of process theology as appropriated by some Wesleyan theologians, such as Thomas Jay Oord. For example, I make the contention that primordial chaos only makes sense in a process theology that denies of God creatio ex nihilo and instead asserts the co-eternality of the material universe and God. My overall inclination toward process theology will also become clear in that I describe the mediation of the Holy Spirit on and in the universe in ways that resemble the “persuasive power” of God as described by Alfred North Whitehead. As such, Peirce’s teleology is more than a mere purposive pursuit of a predetermined end; it is a developmental teleology. Thus, final causes evolve, and they are not static. Teleology emerged out of the increasing complexification of life on earth. God gives himself away in act of uncontrolling love without any conditions regarding the potential responses to that love. The many and varied manifestations of complexity that (macro-)evolution has given rise to can be seen as a fulfillment of the teleological goals of God. The kenotic creating Spirit is present “in, with, and under” the processes of biological evolution.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2021, 23, 3; 413-428
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Defense of Presentist Time Travel
Autorzy:
Zhuang, Xuanpu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38430139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
presentism
time travel
causation
personal identity
Opis:
Presentism usually holds that only present entities exist. In contrast to presentism, eternalism holds that past, present, and future entities all exist. According to some philosophers, presentism is intuitively incompatible with time travel. In this paper, I defend the compatibility between presentism and time travel by arguing for a plausible account of causation in the presentist framework. To achieve my goal, I respond to an objection to presentist time travel that is based on the nonexistence of the past: the Causation Objection. According to the Causation Objection, causal relations between objects at different times are necessary for time travel, but these are impossible for presentists. I evaluate a possible reply based on a non-relational account of causation and show that this reply is not satisfying. Subsequently, I put forward a fact-based account of causal relation. I argue that presentists could accept facts instead of events as causal relata, thus establishing causal relations. As all facts about the past, the present, and the future exist in the present, we could explain how backward causation works and describe the discrepancy between personal time and external time in presentist time travel; in this way, I argue, we could vindicate the compatibility between presentism and time travel.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 4; 101-117
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
L’attitude, puis les arguments
Attitude first, arguments thereafter
Autorzy:
Pirogowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1048545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
cyberspace
logical fallacy
argumentative subversiveness
false causation
Opis:
The paper investigates the challenges posed by argumentation relying on a logical fallacy. The data has been obtained from a genuine interaction found in cyberspace. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that once a line of reasoning is arbitrarily imposed, a conversational schema emerges, even in spite of the fact that the messages are not consistently interlinked.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2017, 44, 3; 137-149
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some Musings about William Hasker’s Philosophy of Mind
Kilka przemyśleń na temat filozofii umysłu Williama Haskera
Autorzy:
Goetz, Stewart
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
przyczynowe działanie osoby
argument z rozumu
wolność libertariańska
przyczynowość mentalna
przyczynowość fizyczna
wyjaśnienie celowościowe/teleologiczne
agent causation
argument from reason
libertarian freedom
mental causation
physical causation
purposeful/teleological explanation
Opis:
While William Hasker and I for the most part broadly agree in our opposition to much of the contemporary philosophical community concerning issues in the philosophy of mind that he discusses in his book, there are nevertheless seemingly some domestic disputes between him and me about certain matters concerning the nature of events involving the self. In this paper, I will focus on two of these disagreements. The first disagreement concerns Hasker’s treatment of what is widely known today as the argument from reason and whether the events involved in our reasoning are essentially causal or teleological in nature. The second disagreement is about Hasker’s account of libertarian freedom, and whether agent causation is required to explain our free choices.
Pomimo tego, że autor zgadza się z Williamem Haskerem co do opozycji wobec wielu rozwiązań we współczesnej filozofii umysłu, istnieją między nimi pewne punkty sporne. W artykule autor omawia dwa z nich. Pierwszy dotyczy traktowania przez Haskera tego, co jest dziś powszechnie znane jako argument z rozumu, związany z zagadnieniem, czy rozumowania mają zasadniczo charakter przyczynowy czy teleologiczny. Drugi spór dotyczy poglądu Haskera na wolność libertariańską i tego, czy do wyjaśnienia naszych wolnych wyborów potrzebne jest odwołanie się do przyczynowości.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2022, 70, 1; 37-48
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Superweniencja psychofizyczna
Autorzy:
Kurek, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/429130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
supervenience
mind-body problem
explanation
intentionality
Jaegwon Kim
causation
Opis:
The aim of this article is two-fold. First, a critical presentation of the concept of supervenience is carried out. In this context, three basic types of supervenience are presented: weak, strong, and global. It is argued that the most useful types of supervenience are its strong, and global versions. Second, a broader analysis of the usefulness of supervenience is undertaken. It is argued that it is a very „flexible” concept, which allows for a variety of different solutions to the philosophical issue of the mind. However, the aforementioned flexibility can be limited by additional philosophical assumptions. Moreover, supervenience allows to augment traditional philosophical investigations concerning the mind with results of empirical findings of such sciences as psychology, or neuroscience. In this context it is argued that supervenience is a „third way” in the philosophical study of the mind.
Źródło:
Semina Scientiarum; 2011, 10
1644-3365
Pojawia się w:
Semina Scientiarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The problem of psychophysical agency in the classical Sāṃkhya and Yoga perspective
Autorzy:
Jakubczak, Marzenna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/437463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
action; agency; Indian philosophy; psychophysical integrity; mental causation; karman
Opis:
The paper discusses the issue of psychophysical agency in the context of Indian philosophy, focusing on the oldest preserved texts of the classical tradition of Sāṃkhya–Yoga. The author raises three major questions: What is action in terms of Sāṃkhyakārikā (ca. fifth century CE) and Yogasūtra (ca. third century CE)? Whose action is it, or what makes one an agent? What is a right and morally good action? The first part of the paper reconsiders a general idea of action – including actions that are deliberately done and those that ‘merely’ happen – identified by Patañjali and Ῑśvarakṛṣṇa as a permanent change or transformation (pariṇāma) determined by the universal principle of causation (satkārya). Then, a threefold categorization of actions according to their causes is presented, i.e. internal agency (ādhyātmika), external agency (ādhibhautika) and ‘divine’ agency (ādhidaivika). The second part of the paper undertakes the problem of the agent’s autonomy and the doer’s psychophysical integrity. The main issues that are exposed in this context include the relationship between an agent and the agent’s capacity for perception and cognition, as well as the crucial Sāṃkhya–Yoga distinction between ‘a doer’ and ‘the self’. The agent’s self-awareness and his or her moral self-esteem are also briefly examined. Moreover, the efficiency of action in present and future is discussed (i.e. karman, karmāśaya, saṃskāra, vāsanā), along with the criteria of a right act accomplished through meditative insight (samādhi) and moral discipline (yama).
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2015, 5, 1; 25-34
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SEARCHING FOR A NEW RATIONALE FOR COMPENSATING LOSS OF A CHANCE IN POLISH TORT LAW. LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM ENGLAND AND WALES
Autorzy:
Sitnik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915835.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
loss of a chance
compensation
causation
potential harm
Opis:
The question of compensation of loss of a chance is relatively rarely debated in the Polish doctrine of the law of tort. One reason for such a state of affairs may be the virtually unanimous opinion of both courts and academic comment-ators with regard to the permissibility of granting damages for loss of a chance of obtaining a benefit – loss of a chance, traditionally defined as potential harm, does not give rise to damages and falls beyond the scope of Article 361 § 2 of the Polish Civil Code. The paper attempts to show, by reference to the latest experiences of common law jurisdictions, that there exist rational bases for an extension of the notion of harm so that it encompasses loss of a chance where a potential acquisition of a benefit is contingent upon an action of a third party or force majeure, on which the victim has no bearing, subject to the caveat that the victim put an effort into generating the chance in question. In the course of the analysis an attempt will be made to demonstrate, with reference to a selec-tion of factual scenarios considered by Polish courts, that it would be possible to achieve fairer results (whilst avoiding placing unfair compensatory burdens upon the other party) to recognize liability for loss of a chance where the victim put a significant effort into making the chance viable, material, and where, based on ordinary life experience, materialization of such a chance may be considered a natural course of events.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 30, 3; 7-27
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Divine Causation and Analogy
Boska przyczynowość a analogia
Autorzy:
Helm, Paul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Bóg
przyczynowość
analogia
Quentin Smith
God
causation
analogy
Opis:
Quentin Smith’s idea is that God being the originating cause of the universe is logically inconsistent with all extant definitions of causation, and thus  logically impossible. Thus, for example  the  God of the Philosophers couldn’t have created the Universe, not  even in both its senses, in both literal and analogical senses. The thesis is advanced by accounts of the usual views of “cause”. It is maintained these is successful. Such I shall then offer an account of divine causation of my own, and thus attempt to argue that Smith has not shown that the relation that God has to the universe is not a causal relation. Such as a Humean or that of  David Lewis sense and of the “singularist” view of C. J. Ducasse would fail the analogical. And Malebranche’s “occasionalism” is surely an exception. If we turn to the other kind then  it seems to be a case of “if the data are analogical-in, then the data will be that too”. Finally, it is argued that it is more productive to consider particular individual theistic powers and perfections, for these are mongrels which literality and of analogy are compounded.
Według Quentina Smitha Bóg jako przyczyna istnienia świata jest logicznie niespójny z wszystkimi znanymi definicjami przyczynowości, a zatem logicznie niemożliwy. Na przykład Bóg filozofów nie mógłby stworzyć świata ani w sensie dosłownym, ani w sensie analogicznym. Smith broni tej tezy odwołując się do typowych poglądów na temat natury „przyczyny”, i twierdzi, że ta obrona jest udana. W odpowiedzi autor przedstawia własną koncepcję przyczynowości Boskiej i próbuję pokazać, że Smithowi nie udało się dowieść, iż relacja Boga do świata nie ma charakteru przyczynowego. Autor argumentuje ponadto, że lepiej jest rozważać osobno poszczególne Boskie moce i doskonałości, ponieważ zawierają one w sobie pomieszanie dosłowności i analogiczności.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2022, 70, 1; 107-120
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do All Roads Lead to Rome? The Effect of the Decision-Making Logic on Business Model Change
Autorzy:
Torkkeli, Lasse
Salojärvi, Hanna
Sainio, Liisa-Maija
Saarenketo, Sami
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/474920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
business model
decision-making
effectuation
causation
small and medium enterprises
Opis:
Business models and business model change have drawn increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners across various disciplines, including the domain of entrepreneurship. However, even though the importance of business model innovation as a driver of firm performance has been widely acknowledged, empirical studies explaining the business model change remain limited. This study contributes to prior research by examining the effects of effectual and causation-based decisionmaking logics on the degree of business model change in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises in Finland. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis show that both causation and effectuation-based logics have positive effects on business model change, thereby highlighting the need for both strategizing and seizing of opportunities in business model development.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2015, 11, 3; 5-24
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idea emergencji – zarys ogólny
The Idea of Emergence – an Overview
Autorzy:
Maziarka, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690570.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
emergence
emergentism
dynamic systems
causality
mind-body problem
downward causation
Opis:
This article has an introductory character and systematizes the topic. It introduces the idea of emergence which is currently enjoying something of a renaissance and aims to bring order to the terminology associated with this idea. The article concerns the very beginning of the formation of emergentism and its intuitive understanding. It also presents the main concepts of representative authors of emergentism (S. Alexander, CL Morgan, Ch. D. Broad) as well as the numerous characteristics of emergence (synchronic and diachronic emergence, weak and strong emergence). The article concludes with a systematization of meanings and contexts in which the concept of emergence occurs.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2013, 52; 131-177
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CAUSAL EFFECT RELATIONSHIP IN MEDICAL CASES. AN OLD PROBLEM IN A NEW SCENARIO. COMMENTARY TO CJEU JUDGMENT (SECOND CHAMBER) OF 21 JUNE 2017, N.W. & OTHERS V. SANOFI PASTEUR MSD & OTHERS, CASE C-621/15, EU:C:2017:484 APPROBATIVE GLOSS
Autorzy:
Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska, Agata
Drozdowska, Urszula Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1597407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-21
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
uncertain causation, standard of proof, vaccine, damage, defective medical product
Opis:
This commentary evaluates the problem in assessing the role of a causal connection between damage and the use of a defective medical product, specifically a vaccine. The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Sanofi Pasteur Case, which allowed the possibility of recognizing damage claims, even in cases where the prevailing scientific theory claims that there is no scientific evidence of a causal link between a vaccination and the disease, became a base for consideration. Consequently, procedural solutions (such as the standard of proof required, the admissibility of prima facie evidence reasoning and other solutions in cases of an uncertain causation) remain to be decided by national law. The authors assessed two legal systems: the French and Polish legal systems in the context of how to resolve these dilemmas and to describe the impact of the above-mentioned judgment on the case-law of French and Polish courts as regards the application of Directive 85/374/EEC. As a result, they concluded that the most important interpretative motive has become the individual interest of the vaccination’s victim as a consumer of medical services. It seems to be in accordance with Directive 85/374/EEC, which is motivated by the necessity of approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the liability of the producer for damage caused by the defectiveness of his products. However, since the existing divergences may distort competition and affect the movement of goods within the common market and entail a differing degree of protection of the consumer against damage caused by a defective product to his health or property, in countries belonging to the European Union, the authors wonder how the commented judgment will affect the further development of consumers protection against defective vaccines.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2021, 46, 3; 263-290
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) and Their Impact on Approximation of Ukrainian Tort Law to European Standards
Autorzy:
Olesia, Otradnova,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Ukrainian law
tort law
approximation
principles
European tort law
damage
causation
fault
Opis:
Ukraine has chosen its way of development towards Europe, European values and respect for human dignity and human rights. The signing of the Association Agreement in 2014 obliged Ukraine to harmonize its legislation in priority spheres of life with the legislation of the European Union. But legislative approximation should touch not only upon the fields of public law, but private law too and, in particular, tort law. The main problem of tort law approximation is that there are no joint tort rules in the EU. All attempts to harmonize tort law stopped at the creation of acts of “soft law” – general non-binding rules and principles. One of the most significant examples is the PETL – the Principles of European Tort Law. The PETL show a modern understanding of torts, spell out the conditions of tort liability, as well as other relevant requirements. Ukrainian rules of tort law do provide protection of a victim’s violated rights, however some recommendations of the PETL, such as provisions governing the conditions of tort liability, the understanding of causation and fault should be taken into account when Ukrainian tort law is modernised.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2017, 71; 159-168
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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