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Tytuł:
Exposure of firefighters to carbon monoxide during rescue and fire fighting interventions - a 6-year analysis
Autorzy:
Dudziński, Łukasz
Bihałowicz, Jan Stefan
Czyżewski, Łukasz
Kasperczyk, Rafał
Kubiak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-06
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
Carbon monoxide
CO exposure
health hazards for officers
rescue and firefighting operations
Opis:
Exposure to carbon monoxide is a common hazard in firefighting practice throughout the year, regardless of the winter heating season. Therefore this analysis of the interventions of fire protection units in incidents related to carbon monoxide exposure of a non-fire origin. The objectives include two risk groups: people affected by the intervention and the health risks to fire officers themselves. The analysed material covers the years 2017-2022 and interventions of fire protection units in incidents related to carbon monoxide exposure of a non-fire origin (chemical hazard events). Data from the Decision Support System of the State Fire Service (DSSSFS), provided to the authors by the Operational Planning Office at the Headquarters of the State Fire Service, were used in the study. According to the records of the State Fire Service (SFS) in the years 2017-2022, there were 28,766 (Mean 4794; SD 413) chemical hazard events: carbon monoxide was the cause. There were only 5724 reports of symptoms with a known CO concentration and 1974 reports with clinical symptoms. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated in exposure time (p= 0.028) and average CO concentration in the analysed years (p<0.001). Noteworthy is the sudden reduction in the exposure time following the year 2020. The actual exposure of firefighters to carbonmonoxide is greater than in the above analysis, in addition, there are exposures from fire incidents. Procedures, measuring equipment, and personal protective equipment protect firefighters from absorbing harmful substances into the body, but the large number of incidents and the visible clinical symptoms in victims should prompt firefighters with many years of service to observe even the smallest worrying neurological changes in themselves.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2024, 22(1); 81-93
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the Distribution of Air Pollutants (Carbon Monoxide) during the Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Suhardono, Sapta
Septiariva, Iva Yenis
Rachmawati, Siti
Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul
Qona'ah, Niswatul
Nirwana, Bayu
Suryawan, I. Wayan Koko
Sari, Mega Mutiara
Prayogo, Wisnu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
COVID-19 pandemic
carbon monoxide
Sentinel-5P
LSSR
Opis:
The condition of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 characterizing DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta Provinces which have a high population density in 2019, necessitates implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) to control or break the chain of the spread of COVID-19. The LSSR policy that limits community activities, be it business activities, transportation, and the industrial sector, will impact social activities and the environment due to the reduced intensity of community activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Jakarta, Surabaya and Yogyakarta during the pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. The method used is the tropospheric CO concentration extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite data. The CO data were retrieved and calculated using Google Earth Engine. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced CO level by 19.7%, 14.9%, and 21%, respectively. The paired t-test shows no significant difference from before the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significance of 0.05. The highest pre-pandemic average and total CO concentration levels were 0.042 and 1.0198 mol/m2 in Yogyakarta, respectively, whereas the lowest during the pandemic were 0.02845 and 0.6828 mol/m2 in Surabaya. Overall, the three cities have a weak relationship between CO level and precipitation as well as temperatures and CO level.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 4; 151--162
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) as a modulating factor of molecular biological clock in the hypothalamic structures involved in light transmission in pig and wild boar hybrid during long and short day season
Autorzy:
Gilun, P.
Koziorowska-Gilun, M.
Wąsowska, B.
Sowa-Kućma, M.
Kozioł, K.
Romerowicz-Misielak, M.
Kordan, W.
Koziorowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16647460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
humoral pathway
light
master biological clock
seasonal
Opis:
Mature males of a wild boar-pig crossbreed, during the long and short day season, were used for the study which demonstrates that the chemical light carrier CO regulates the expression of biological clock genes in the hypothalamus via humoral pathways. Autologous blood with experimentally elevated concentrations of endogenous CO (using lamps with white light-emitting diodes) was infused into the ophthalmic venous sinus via the right dorsal nasal vein. Molecular biology methods: qPCR and Western Blot were used to determine the expression of genes and biological clock proteins. The results showed that elevated endogenous CO levels, through blood irradiation, induces changes in genes expression involved in the functioning of the main biological clock located in suprachiasmatic nuclei. Changes in the expression of the transcription factors Bmal1, Clock and Npas2 have a similar pattern in both structures, where a very large decrease in gene expression was shown after exposure to elevated endogenous CO levels. The changes in the gene expression of PER 1-2, CRY 1-2, and REV-ERB α-β and ROR β are not the same for both POA and DH hypothalamic structures, indicating that both structures respond differently to the humoral signal received. The results indicate that CO is a chemical light molecule whose production in an organism depends on the amount of light. An adequate amount of light is an essential factor for the proper functioning of the main biological clock.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2023, 26, 1; 65-82
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Examining pollution emissions in relation to atmospheric conditions: a case study on air-quality management in Kraków
Badanie emisji zanieczyszczeń w odniesieniu do warunków atmosferycznych: studium przypadku zarządzania jakością powietrza w Krakowie
Autorzy:
Pepłowska, Monika
Kryzia, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
mathematic model
air pollution
PM10
carbon monoxide (CO)
sulphur dioxide
model matematyczny
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
tlenek węgla
ditlenek siarki
Opis:
This article presents the topic of atmospheric pollution. The authors have presented the most important national air-quality regulations. They have identified measurement stations in Kraków (Poland), collected data from them and conducted their analysis. The aim of the article is to present the research results on developing a statistical model for estimating air pollution in Kraków depending on the changing weather conditions during the year. The authors used the mathematical modelling method to prepare the air-pollution model. The article presents collected data showing the situation prior to the introduction of a number of environmental regulations in the city of Kraków. The paper is based on meteorological data in the form of daily average values of air temperature, wind speed, air humidity, pressure and precipitation. Emission data included the average daily concentrations of the selected air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5. The results of the study indicate that the three most significant factors influencing the level of air pollution (appearing as explanatory changes in the models for each of the pollutants listed) are the value of ambient air temperature (a destimulant, except for ozone), wind speed (a destimulant) and the concentration of each pollutant on the previous day (a stimulant). The article concludes with a summary and conclusions.
W artykule przedstawiono tematykę zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego. Autorzy przedstawili najważniejsze krajowe przepisy dotyczące jakości powietrza. Zidentyfikowali stacje pomiarowe w mieście Kraków (Polska), zebrali z nich dane i przeprowadzili ich analizę. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań nad opracowaniem statystycznego modelu szacowania zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Krakowie w zależności od zmieniających się warunków pogodowych w ciągu roku. Do opracowania modelu zanieczyszczenia powietrza autorzy wykorzystali metodę modelowania matematycznego. W artykule zebrano dane obrazujące sytuację przed wprowadzeniem szeregu regulacji środowiskowych na terenie miasta Kraków. Artykuł bazuje na danych meteorologicznych w postaci średnich dobowych wartości temperatury powietrza, prędkości wiatru, wilgotności powietrza, ciśnienia i opadów atmosferycznych. Dane emisyjne stanowiły średnie dobowe stężenia wybranych zanieczyszczeń powietrza, w tym: dwutlenku siarki (SO2), ditlenku azotu (NO2), tlenków azotu (NOx), tlenku azotu (NO), tlenku węgla (CO), ozonu (O3) oraz pyłu zawieszonego PM10 i PM2,5. Wyniki badania wskazują, że trzema najistotniejszymi czynnikami wpływającymi na poziom zanieczyszczenia powietrza (pojawiającymi się jako zmiany objaśniające w modelach dla każdego z wymienionych zanieczyszczeń) są: wartość temperatury otoczenia (czynnik destymulujący, z wyjątkiem ozonu), prędkość wiatru (czynnik destymulujący) oraz stężenie każdego z zanieczyszczeń w dniu poprzednim (czynnik stymulujący).
Źródło:
Polityka Energetyczna; 2023, 26, 3; 117--130
1429-6675
Pojawia się w:
Polityka Energetyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of places with deteriorated air quality in city of Žilina in relation to road transport
Autorzy:
Šarkan, Branislav
Loman, Michal
Harantová, Veronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
emissions
air quality
vehicles
particulate matter
carbon monoxide
Opis:
The aim of the research is to identify places with deteriorated air quality in the selected city. After an analytical analysis of the data, it is possible to propose steps that can be used to actively contribute to the reduction of air pollution, especially due to road traffic. Places where deteriorated air quality was identified were identified on the basis of practical measurements. Given that the measurement route was designed in a built-up area of the city with a large number of pedestrians, the research was primarily focused on the identification of particulate matters (PM) and the concentration of carbon monoxide CO. The measurements were performed repeatedly on a pre-defined route. The measurements were carried out repeatedly during the morning rush hour when traffic was congested on the roads. Based on the processing and evaluation of the measurements, the sections where increased values of individual emissions were recorded were determined. In this way, it is possible to precisely identify places where air quality deteriorates. The research conclusions provide support for planning the optimization of air quality management policies towards the creation of sustainable cities. The research results present the possibilities of identifying problematic sections from the point of view of emissions production. Critical places with regard to the production of emissions can be connected to places where a permanently increased movement of vehicles is observed.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2023, 102, 4; 68--90
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indirect estimation of black carbon concentration in traffic site based on other pollutants : time variability analysis
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Joanna A.
Kazak, Jan K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
air pollution
black carbon
carbon monoxide
indirect estimation
traffic
Opis:
Aiming to create more sustainable cities it is necessary to understand and manage different ecological factors which influence human health. One of such factors is black carbon (BC) in atmosphere, which currently is not commonly monitored by environmental monitoring systems. The aim of this research was to estimate by indirect approach the relation between eBC (equivalent of black carbon) concentration and other air pollutants in order to define approximate level of eBC in more efficient approach. The study was conducted in Wrocław (Poland) in October 2021, and combined data on eBC concentration (measured by microaethalometer), air quality (from national environmental monitoring system) and traffic (from municipal traffic management system). Quantile regression was used to assess the relationship between the concentrations of pollutants. The obtained results show that for rise 1 mg∙m-3 of carbon monoxide, eBC concentration rise between 4.2 and 8.0 μg∙m-3, depending on the period of a day. Precision of eBC concentration evaluation is influenced by sun light which results in higher precision of defining a scaling factor for night hours. Outcomes of this study constitute an added value to understanding of interconnections between different factors describing environmental conditions in cities and might be helpful for more effective environmental assessment of human habitats.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 58; 1--10
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idoor Air Quality with Particular Reference to Carbon Monoxide in the Room – A Pilot Study
Autorzy:
Wiater, Józefa
Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
air pollution
carbon monoxide
smoking cigarettes
air quality
Opis:
Cigarette smoking are the most important reasons for increased carbon monoxide (CO) level in exhaled air. During the experiment, the CO level in indoor air in room was measured. Outdoor air quality data including atmospheric CO concentration, obtained from the own measured and data from the weather platform “freemeteo”. The measurements were carried out with the following variants: outside air, a room ventilated without people, nonsmokers, smokers and non-smoking people, smokers entering the room after smoking cigarettes, smokers who smoke in the room. As proven by measurements, carbon monoxide carried in the lungs by smokers has low concentrations and should not threaten the health of non-smoking users of rooms. The maximum concentration of carbon monoxide in the room was 1.4 ppm. In the external air, the average concentration of carbon monoxide was exactly as much as reported in the literature – 0.3 ppm.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 6; 286--293
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lockdown effect on carbon monoxide concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia
Autorzy:
Wan Kamarudin, Wan Farahiyah
Irwan, Zildawarni
Yaafar, Mohd Rabani
Mat Amin, Abd Rahman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35556095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
CO
COVID-19
lockdown
pandemic
MERRA-2
Giovanni 4
Opis:
An increase in Indonesian forest fires has infuriated Malaysia and Indonesia, where residents are inhaling smoke from peat and trees burned hundreds of miles away. The global COVID-19 lockdowns caused carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased seen over Malaysia and Indonesia regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CO distribution over Malaysia and Indonesia, within the period of January 2011 to December 2021. The impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to CO concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia also was reviewed. This study utilizes MERRA-2 dataset provided by Giovanni interface. Five areas were found to be affected the most during the study period which is Kuala Lumpur, Jambi, Riau, Palembang, and Jakarta. Carbon monoxide concentration over the studied region exhibits a strong seasonality showing maximum value in dry season (July to October). September 2019 is found to have the highest trend of CO concentration affected Jambi region. As COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world by end of year 2019, all the studied regions shown the decreasing trend after September 2019 and no high peak was observed during dry season (July to October) in 2020 and 2021. This is the combined effect of wetter dry season and an impact of lockdown implemented by government of Malaysia and Indonesia.
Źródło:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences; 2022, 31, 2; 124-134
1732-9353
Pojawia się w:
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
YouTube as a source of information on carbon monoxide poisoning: a content-quality analysis
Autorzy:
Krakowiak, Michał
Rak, Małgorzata
Krakowiak, Paweł
Racisz, Kinga
Słoniewski, Paweł
Ilczak, Tomasz
Krakowiak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-08
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
first aid
YouTube
social media
verification
poisons
Opis:
ObjectivesThe variety of clinical presentation on the topic of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication ranges from slight headache to coma or death. YouTube allows patients to search not only for entertainment but also medical advice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the content and quality of YouTube videos concerning CO poisoning as a source of knowledge for non-medical audience.Material and MethodsOn the December 8, 2020 a YouTube search was conducted for the following phrases: “carbon monoxide poisoning,” “carbon monoxide symptoms,” “CO poisoning,” “carbon monoxide asphyxiation,” “carbon monoxide intoxication” using the “incognito mode” and without attachment to Google Account. The search results were set as: “default” in the YouTube browser. The first 50 results were taken into consideration. Two raters, a specialist in emergency medicine and a specialist in clinical toxicology rated videos with Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), Global Quality Score (GQS) and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). “VidIQ Vision for YouTube” plug-in was used.ResultsNinety-five videos were included. The interclass coefficient for DISCERN, GQS and JAMA scores were: 0.8, 0.74 and 0.62 reaching good and moderate reliability. The mean DISCERN/GQS/JAMA was 28.1 (SD 7.9), 2.5 (SD 0.8) and 1.1 (SD 0.7) respectively. Higher DISCERN/GQS/JAMA had videos providing information on: exposure time, treatment options, hyperbaric chamber indications as well as physician speaker (p < 0.05). Video Power Index was higher when the video contained animations and presented patients own history of CO exposure but not influenced the DISCERN/GQS/JAMA scores. Videos providing misleading information had a higher like ratio.ConclusionsThe overall video quality was poor indicating inappropriate educational and informative value for patients who search information about carbon monoxide poisoning.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 3; 285-295
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CO level over the Republic of Croatia using SENTINEL-5P
Autorzy:
Mamić, Luka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2191383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie SILGIS
Tematy:
air pollution
carbon monoxide
CO
GIS
remote sensing
TROPOMI
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
tlenek węgla
teledetekcja
Opis:
This paper deals with the issue of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia by monitoring the level of one of the largest air pollutants – carbon monoxide. For the study area, total carbon monoxide levels observed by the TROPOMI SENTINEL- 5P mission device were taken and used to show carbon monoxide levels for the period from January to September 2020 for every fifteenth day of the month. The entire process of downloading, georeferencing and processing TROPOMI data is described. The analysis examines the relationship between carbon monoxide levels and urban areas, major roads, and altitude. Also, the time frame of observation covers the period of the most severe measures and lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic and studies the impact of these measures on the level of carbon monoxide in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.
Źródło:
GIS Odyssey Journal; 2021, 1, 1; 61--82
2720-2682
Pojawia się w:
GIS Odyssey Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of a Catalyst for Flue Gas Purification from Carbon Monoxide of Multi-Chamber Furnaces for Baking Electrode Blanks
Autorzy:
Ivanenko, Olena
Trypolskyi, Andrii
Gomelya, Nikolai
Karvatskii, Anton
Vahin, Andrii
Didenko, Olga
Konovalova, Viktoria
Strizhak, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839547.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
flue gas
purification
catalyst
oxidation
conversion
multi-chamber furnace
Opis:
The catalysts based on natural zeolite-clinoptilolite of Sokyrnytsia deposit modified with oxides of Mn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ were synthesized. It was determined that 100% conversion of carbon monoxide was achieved at a temperature of 390°C when using the copper-manganese-oxide catalyst (30% CuO + 70% MnO2). It was shown that although the use of the manganese-oxide catalyst provided 92.8% of CO conversion degree, this catalyst had the most advantages for application compared to the other studied solids. The structural parameters of the manganese-oxide catalyst were determined using XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption. The composition of the main elements of the catalyst samples was determined by micro-X-ray spectral analysis. It was shown that using the catalyst containers in chambers heated by flue gases in the fire channels of a multi-chamber furnace for baking of electrode blanks can be one of the constructive solutions to the problem of flue gas purification from carbon monoxide. The environmental safety of the copper-manganese-oxide catalyst application for the treatment of the flue gases of electrode production is justified by obtaining a catalyst from spent sorbents for purification of the manganese-containing natural water and its non-toxicity in the case of burial or storage in landfills.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 1; 174-187
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimating emissions of harmful exhaust components by aircraft engines during the takeoff and landing cycle in airport space
Szacowanie emisji toksycznych składników spalin wytwarzanych przez samoloty w cyklu startu i lądowania w przestrzeni portu lotniczego
Autorzy:
Głowacki, Paweł
Kalina, Piotr
Kawalec, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36441042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
ecology
aircraft turbine engine
engine exhaust
toxic exhaust gas components
nitrogen oxides
carbon monoxide
hydrocarbons
carbon dioxide
ekologia
lotniczy silnik turbinowy
spaliny silnika
toksyczne składniki spalin
tlenki azotu
tlenek węgla
węglowodory
dwutlenek węgla
Opis:
This articleexamines, based on the availableinformation and authors’ self-assessments, theenvironmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.
W artykule przeanalizowano, w oparciu o dostępne informacje oraz ocenę autorów, wpływ gazów spalinowych z silników turbinowych na środowisko w przestrzeni wokół portu lotniczego podczas cyklu lądowania i startu (LTO) samolotów. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na fakt, że ilość spalin produkowanych przez silniki turbinowe jest na tyle znacząca, iż może niekorzystnie zmienić powietrze otaczające lotniska. Zwiększony poziom emisji tlenku węgla (CO) i węglowodorów (HC) podczas rozruchu silnika i na biegu jałowym może więc stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia pracowników obsługi naziemnej. Wysoki poziom emisji tlenków azotu (NOx) podczas startu, wznoszenia, schodzenia i kołowania również nie jest obojętny dla środowiska wokół lotniska. W artykule najpierw przedstawiono szacunki emisji CO2, HC, CO i NOx w oparciu o normy ICAO oraz liczbę operacji pasażerskich na lotnisku średniej wielkości. Następnie obliczono szacunkowe emisje CO2, HC, CO i NOx na podstawie danych pobranych z rejestratora lotu (FDR) podczas cyklu LTO różnych typów statków powietrznych na lotnisku. Te drugie obliczenia, oparte na rzeczywistych czasach manewrowych, wskazują na znacznie niższe szacunkowe emisje toksycznych gazów w obrębie portu lotniczego.
Źródło:
Transactions on Aerospace Research; 2021, 2 (263); 63-70
0509-6669
2545-2835
Pojawia się w:
Transactions on Aerospace Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gaseous Atmosphere During Gas Forming Tendency Measurements of the Selected Protective Coatings for Sand Moulds
Autorzy:
Mocek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gas forming
oxygen
hydrogen
carbon monoxide
protective coatings
gaz
tlen
wodór
tlenek węgla
powłoki ochronne
Opis:
Protective coatings have direct contacts with hot and liquid alloys. As the result of such contacts gases are emitted from coatings. Gas forming is a tendency of the tested material to emit gases under a temperature influence. In order to assess the gas forming tendency either direct or indirect methods are applied. In the hereby work, the measurements of the gas forming tendency were performed under laboratory conditions, by means of the developed indirect method. The research material constituted samples of six selected protective coatings dissolved either in alcohol or in water. These coatings are applied in sand moulds and cores for making cast iron castings. The assessment of their gas forming tendency was presented in relation to temperatures and heating times. The occurrence and changes of oxygen and hydrogen contents in gases outflowing from the measuring flask during tests, were measured by means of gas sensors. The process of the carbon monoxide (CO) emission during tests was also assessed. The following gas sensors were installed in flow-through micro chambers: for oxygen - lambda probe, for hydrogen – pellistor, for carbon monoxide - sensor (dedicated for CO) FIGARO TGS 822 TF. The results of direct CO measurements were recalculated according to the algorithm supplied by the producer of this sensor.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 3; 11-18
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Smoke Detectors and Carbon Monoxide Detectors in the Fire Safety of Residential Buildings
Rola czujek dymu i czujek tlenku węgla w bezpieczeństwie pożarowym obiektów mieszkalnych
Autorzy:
Garlińska, Urszula
Iwańska, Marta
Śliwiński, Robert
Florek, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060756.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
Tematy:
Integrated Qualifications System
smoke
alarm
detector
electrical apparatus
detection
carbon monoxide
residential buildings
Zintegrowany System Kwalifikacji
ZSK
czujka
dym
tlenek węgla
czad
obiekt mieszkalny
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects of using smoke and carbon monoxide detectors intended for households or similar residential facilities as well as to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted system solutions that affect the number of detectors installed in this kind of buildings. The article aims to present the issues related to the Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), i.e. newly developed market qualification, dedicated to installers and maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Introduction: Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors for early detection of existing threats such as fires or escaping carbon monoxide are an important element of fire protection, dedicated primarily to owners of residential buildings. In many countries in the EU it is obligatory to install detectors in homes, whereas at the moment in Poland the only aspect regulated legally is the obligation of the manufacturer of these products to obtain a certificate. Since 2016, the ZSK has been operating in Poland, in which in 2019 the qualifications of installers/maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors were distinguished. As a result, a person with a market qualification certificate is prepared for independent installation and maintenance of fire safety monitoring devices Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, generalization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Germany and France were analysed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the installation of the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shows how different the approach is regarding the use of this type of devices. Depending on experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative, can be discerned in the use of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. ZSK is a well-described system of formal organization and classification of competences and offers the public services at the highest possible quality level. It is also a partial solution to the problem of installing detectors. However, it is necessary to regulate this issue from the legal level, as it was the case in other EU countries, where the installation of detectors in homes is obligatory. Such action will contribute to reducing the victims of fires or inhalation of toxic gases (carbon monoxide).
Cel: Celem niniejszej publikacji jest przedstawienie najważniejszych aspektów stosowania czujek dymu i czujek tlenku węgla w prywatnych obiektach mieszkalnych, a także wskazanie zalet oraz wad przyjętych rozwiązań systemowych, które mają wpływ na liczbę detektorów montowanych w tego typu obiektach. Artykuł przedstawia również zagadnienia związane z Zintegrowanym Systemem Kwalifikacji (ZSK), tj. opracowanej kwalifikacji rynkowej, dedykowanej monterom i konserwatorom czujek dymu i czujek tlenku węgla. Wprowadzenie: Czujki dymu i czujki tlenku węgla to ważny element zabezpieczeń obiektów mieszkalnych. Dedykowane są one wszystkim właścicielom tych obiektów. W wielu krajach UE obligatoryjne jest montowanie czujek w domach, natomiast obecnie w Polsce wymagane jest jedynie ich certyfikowanie przez producenta. Od 2016 roku w Polsce funkcjonuje ZSK, w którym w roku 2019 wyodrębniono kwalifikacje dla monterów/konserwatorów czujek dymu i czujek tlenku węgla. Dzięki temu osoba posiadająca certyfikat kwalifikacji rynkowej jest przygotowana do samodzielnego montażu i konserwacji urządzeń monitorujących bezpieczeństwo pożarowe. Metodologia: W ramach procesu badawczego wykorzystano badania teoretyczne, takie jak: analiza literatury i dokumentów prawnych, synteza, uogólnianie, wnioskowanie, porównanie oraz analogia. Podczas badań dokonano analizy dokumentów z Polski, Wielkiej Brytanii (głównie Anglii), Niemiec i Francji. Przy ich doborze kierowano się poziomem rozwoju tych systemów w danym kraju oraz dostępnością dokumentów źródłowych. Wnioski: Przedstawiona analiza wymagań w zakresie obowiązku instalacji czujek dymu i czujek tlenku węgla pokazuje, jak różne jest podejście do ich stosowania w Polsce i w wybranych państwach europejskich. W zależności od doświadczeń oraz struktury administracyjnej danego kraju można dostrzec różnorodność przepisów prawnych czy normatywnych. ZSK jest opisanym systemem formalnego uporządkowania i klasyfikacji kompetencji i oferuje społeczeństwu usługi na możliwie najwyższym poziomie jakościowym. Niezbędne jest prawne uregulowanie tej kwestii, tak jak zostało to zrobione w innych krajach UE, gdzie instalacja czujek w domach jest obowiązkowa. Takie działanie przyczyni się do zredukowania ofiar pożarów lub zaczadzeń.
Źródło:
Safety and Fire Technology; 2021, 57, 1; 114--133
2657-8808
2658-0810
Pojawia się w:
Safety and Fire Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of Metal Oxide-Modified Aerated Concrete for Cleaning Flue Gases from Carbon Monoxide
Autorzy:
Ivanenko, Olena
Gomelya, Nikolai
Shabliy, Tetyana
Trypolskyi, Andrii
Nosachova, Yuliia
Leleka, Serhii
Trus, Inna
Strizhak, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
flue gas
purification
catalyst
oxidation
conversion
Opis:
The necessity of development of technical solutions that will allow to reduce carbon monoxide emissions of flue gases of industrial productions is substantiated. It is shown that the most rational design solution to the problem of carbon monoxide pollution during the firing of electrode blanks is the use of aerated concrete blocks with a catalyst, which can be quickly and conveniently located directly on the carbon material of the “green” electrodes pouring in the subfloor space of the firing furnaces. Modified by oxides of Mn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ -catalysts based on aerated concrete were obtained. It is shown that in an empty reactor in the temperature range 200–400 °С the degree of conversion of carbon monoxide in the absence of a catalyst is zero. It is established that on the investigated catalysts based on aerated concrete 100% oxidation of carbon monoxide is achieved at a temperature of 390 °C in the case of using a mixture of catalyst powders 30% CuO + 70% MnO2, 40% CuO + 60% MnO2, 50% Fe (FexCr1-x) 2O4 + 50% MnO2; 50% Fe3O4 + 50 % MnO2. It is determined that the addition of ferrite catalyst powder in aerated concrete in a mixture or without manganese dioxide does not critically affect the mechanical properties of the products.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 5; 104-113
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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