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Tytuł:
Failing to Make It Explicit: Superficial and Irreducible Perspectivality
Autorzy:
Pérez-Navarro, Eduardo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38430430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
perspective
indexical contextualism
nonindexical contextualism
assessor relativism
John Perry
John MacFarlane
explicitization
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to explore what the different answers that might be given to the question about the role of perspective in language – indexical contextualism, nonindexical contextualism, and assessor relativism – amount to, using Perry’s work about thought without designation and thought without representation as our point of departure. In particular, I argue that Perry’s discussion of the possibility of making explicit the parameter on which the truth-value of a certain sentence depends provides us with a useful criterion to distinguish between indexical and nonindexical contextualism. Then, I show that some of MacFarlane’s insights can be seen as a continuation of Perry’s discussion. The most salient outcome of the comparison between Perry’s and MacFarlane’s frameworks will be the distinction between the superficial perspectivality that can be found in sentences like “It is raining” and the irreducible perspectivality that we find in sentences like “Licorice is tasty.” The apparently paradoxical conclusion will be that language is truly perspectival precisely when it does not encode a perspective.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 4; 63-76
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontekstualny charakter wartości ekonomicznej
Contextual nature of economic value
Autorzy:
Herman, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
contextualism
economic value
kontekstualizm
wartość ekonomiczna
Opis:
The category of the economic value should be considered in different dimensions. The author is presenting the problem of contextualism in economic studies in reference to works of S. Amsterdamski, E. Fromm, T.S. Kuhn, B. Malinowski, R.E. Nisbett, M. Strathern and M. Weber.
Kategoria wartości ekonomicznej powinna być rozważana w różnych wymiarach. Powołując się na prace S. Amsterdamskiego, E. Fromma, T.S. Kuhna, B. Malinowskiego, R.E. Nisbetta, M. Stratherna i M. Webera, autor podejmuje problem kontekstualizmu w naukach ekonomicznych.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie; 2015, 37, 4; 4-6
1896-656X
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why I believe in monsters (and you should too)
Autorzy:
Colomina-Alminana, Juan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28407285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
contextualism
demonstrative
indexical
presupposition
proposition
common ground
Opis:
According to Kaplan’s bidimensional theory of demonstratives, the descriptive content of any indexical term (and the sentences they appear in) is only employed to determine its reference in any possible world rigidly but cannot be expressed by the sentence’s truth conditions. Kaplan then argues that an indexical sentence’s informativeness depends on what he calls its character, a property of the context that relates a particular context to a concrete content, but it cannot be a part of the proposition the sentence entertains (its content), primarily given the logical inconsistencies the opposite would show in the theory of conditionals and counterfactuals. I agree with Kaplan that indexicals should not be considered disguised descriptions. Nevertheless, I believe that their content is informative and, therefore, part of the proposition these sentences express, even though that implies accepting the existence of content shifting operators within the same context --what Kaplan dubbed monsters. This paper, therefore, presents an alternative account to indexical terms and sentences employing the Interactive Theory introduced in Colomina-Alminana (2022). This approach considers that the meaning of any sentence, the proposition it expresses, depends upon three interrelated factors: the speaker’s intentions when uttering, the audience’s potential uptakes of such statement, and the conventions established by the speech community both speaker and audience belong, or the linguistic interaction takes place. The critical element is the so-called speaker's point of view, an objective perspectival networking background that allows lexical and syntactic mechanisms to trigger and update potential conceptual presuppositional content shared by both speaker and audience and whose existence is prior to any context and circumstances.
Źródło:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature; 2022, 3; 4-16
2391-9426
Pojawia się w:
Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interpretive Scholarship in Contemporary International Relations
Autorzy:
Kurowska, Xymena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
interpretivism
International Relations
intersubjectivity
contextualism
reflexive methodology
Opis:
Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a welldefined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.
Źródło:
Teoria Polityki; 2020, 4; 93-107
2543-7046
2544-0845
Pojawia się w:
Teoria Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Liar, Contextualism, and the Stalnakerian View of Context
Autorzy:
Rudnicki, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
Tematy:
contextualism
Stalnaker
liar paradox
context
semantics
Glanzberg
Opis:
My aim in this paper is to amend the Stalnakerian view of context in such a way that it can allow for an adequate treatment of a contextualist position regarding the Liar Paradox. I discuss Glanzberg’s contextualism and the reason why his position cannot be encompassed by the Stalnakerian view, as it is normally construed. Finally, I introduce the phenomenon I call “semantic dissonance”, followed by a mechanism accommodating the Stalnakerian view to the demands of Glanzberg’s contextualism.
Źródło:
Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
0137-6608
Pojawia się w:
Studia Semiotyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contextualism vs Non-Contextualism in Political Philosophy A Contribution to the Debate on Criticism in the Political Sciences
Autorzy:
Świercz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/665272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
political philosophy
political science
criticism
historism
contextualism
presentism
Opis:
The author’s aim is to analyse the problem of criticism in the context of political sciences, in particular in the context of political philosophy. The issue is considered in the light of two basic epistemological standpoints: contextualism and presentism. These two approaches are often regarded as mutually exclusive; however, the author presents arguments for their possible complementarity and demonstrates that their concurrence is the necessary point of departure for critical attitudes in political philosophy.
Źródło:
Folia Philosophica; 2015, 34
1231-0913
2353-9445
Pojawia się w:
Folia Philosophica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O typach kawy. Kontekstualizm DeRose’a jako strategia antysceptycka (On types of coffee. DeRoses contextualism as an anti-sceptical strategy)
On Types of Coffee. DeRoses contextualism as an anti-sceptical strategy
Autorzy:
Szubart, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1621871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
scepticism
invariantism
contextualism
knowledge
sceptycyzm
inwariantyzm
kontekstualizm
wiedza
Opis:
Teoria kontekstualizmu semantycznego, chociaż pierwotnie jest to teoria z dziedziny filozofii języka, bywa często wykorzystywana jako element strategii rozwiązywania problemów w pozostałych dziedzinach filozofii, w tym epistemologii. Wedle kontekstualizmu epistemologicznego, znaczenie słowa „wiem” zmienia się wraz z kontekstem jego wypowiedzenia. Celem tego artykułu jest krytyczna analiza kontekstualizmu Keitha DeRose’a w celu sprawdzenia do jakiego stopnia dostarcza on dobrej strategii antysceptyckiej. Argumentuję, że pomimo, iż teoria ta jest dobrym rywalem dla sceptycyzmu globalnego i Ungerowskiego, przyjęcie jej nie prowadzi jednak do odrzucenia innych wariantów klasycznego sceptycyzmu.
Semantic contextualism is often used in order to offer solutions for problems in other branches of philosophy, including epistemology. One of such attempts is epistemic contextualism, according to which the semantic value of the word “knows” changes with the context of its utterance. The aim of this paper is to critically investigate Keith DeRose’s contextualism to see up to what extent does it provide a valid anti-sceptical strategy. I argue that while it can be seen as a good rival for global and Ungerian scepticism, it does not lead to the refutation of other variants of classical scepticism.
Źródło:
Analiza i Egzystencja; 2018, 44; 61-81
1734-9923
2300-7621
Pojawia się w:
Analiza i Egzystencja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Architektura i krajobraz. W poszukiwaniu relacji
Architecture and landscape. In search of relations
Autorzy:
Żurawski, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2099228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki. Wydział Architektury. Katedra Kształtowania Środowiska Mieszkaniowego
Tematy:
krajobraz
kontekstualizm
krytyczny regionalizm
landscape
contextualism
critical regionalism
Opis:
Architektury nie należy abstrahować z jej kontekstu. Dom zawsze jest częścią większej całości. Architekt nigdy nie projektuje samego budynku, ale cały krajobraz. Wznosząc nowy budynek permanentnie przekształca jego otoczenie. Dlatego projektanci powinni świadomie, z wrażliwością i empatią, a czasami z odpowiednią stanowczością i przekonaniem budować relację nowego obiektu z otaczającą go przestrzenią, naturą i architekturą. Istotne jest aby tę zależność w swojej istocie rozumieć jako wzajemną i dwukierunkową - nowy budynek wywiera istotny wpływ na otoczenie, ale i otoczenie znacząco wpływa na sposób ukształtowania tegoż. Artykuł jest próbą opisu takiej relacji w oparciu o analizę doświadczeń projektowych autora: pracy w Atelier Zumthor w Szwajcarii oraz we własnej pracowni projektowej w Polsce. W kontekście teoretycznym odnosi się do takich zagadnień jak Krytyczny Regionalizm, kontekstualizm, pojęcia placelessness i krytyki dominacji indywidualizmu.
Architecture should not be abstracted from its context. A house is always a part of a larger whole. An architect never designs a building alone, but the entire landscape. By constructing a new build-ing he permanently transforms its surroundings. That is why designers should consciously, with sensitivity and empathy, and sometimes with appropriate firmness and conviction, build a relationship of a new object with the surrounding space, nature and architecture. It is important to understand this relationship as reciprocal and bidirectional in its essence - a new building has a significant im-pact on its surroundings, but its surroundings also significantly influence the way it is shaped. The paper is an attempt to describe such a relationship based on the analysis of the author’s design experience: working for Atelier Zumthor in Switzerland and in his own design studio in Poland. In the theoretical context, it refers to such issues as Critical Regionalism, contextualism, the notion of placelessness and the critique of the domination of individualism.
Źródło:
Środowisko Mieszkaniowe; 2021, 36; 57--65
1731-2442
2543-8700
Pojawia się w:
Środowisko Mieszkaniowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judge-Specific Sentences about Personal Taste, Indexical Contextualism, and Disagreement
Autorzy:
Zouhar, Marián
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38430639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
disagreement about matters of personal taste
dual-proposition indexical contextualism
indexical contextualism
judge-non-specific taste sentence
judge-specific taste sentence
Opis:
The paper aims to weaken a widespread argument against indexical contextualism regarding matters of personal taste. According to indexical contextualism, an utterance of “T is tasty” (where T is an object of taste) expresses the proposition that T is tasty for J (where J is a judge). This argument suggests that indexical contextualism cannot do justice to our disagreement intuitions regarding typical disputes about personal taste because it has to treat conversations in which one speaker utters “T is tasty” and another responds with “T is not tasty” (referred to as ‘judge-non-specific conversations’ in this paper) as being on a par with conversations in which one speaker utters “T is tasty to me” and another responds with “T is not tasty to me” (referred to as ‘judge-specific conversations’). The argument has it that judge-specific conversations, unlike judge-non-specific conversations, do not contain disagreement between speakers. To defend indexical contextualism, some philosophers have proposed accounts (here referred to as ‘dual-propositiontheories’) according to which utterances of “T is tasty” are used to communicate both the above kinds of semantically expressed proposition and some other kinds of proposition (like superiority propositions or metalinguistic propositions) that could be used to explain disagreements about taste. The paper defends two claims: First, it is argued that judge-specific conversations, or at least some of them, do contain disagreement between speakers, contrary to what the anti-indexical-contextualist argument supposes. Second, it is argued that dual-proposition indexical-contextualist theories fail to explain judge-specific conversations that are intuitively interpreted as containing disagreement.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2022, 30, 4; 15-39
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Knowledge about Our Experience and Distinguishing Between Possibilities
Autorzy:
Matuszkiewicz, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/600609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Robert Stalnaker
externalism
contextualism
self-locating beliefs
phenomenal experience
Opis:
In my article I reconstruct the main threads of Robert Stalnaker’s book Our Knowledge of the Internal World, which focuses on the problem of our epistemic relation to our experience and the relation between experience and knowledge. First, the book proposes an interesting view of externalism, which combines classical externalist claims with a contextualist approach to content ascriptions. The approach accommodates some important internalist intuitions by showing how content ascriptions can be sensitive to the perspective from which a subject perceives the world. Second, Stalnaker proposes a theory of selflocating and phenomenal knowledge, which should be understood in terms of differentiating between real possibilities. The puzzling upshot of this elegant solution is that it commits one to the existence of possibilities accessible only from the first-person perspective. Finally, Stalnaker presents an argument which shows that our knowledge about our phenomenal experience is no more direct than the knowledge about external objects. Stalnaker’s claim that by merely having an experience we don’t learn any new information seems, however, too strict in light of his contextualist approach to content ascriptions.
Źródło:
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris; 2017, 38 (3)
1689-4286
Pojawia się w:
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model logiki logika modelu. Kilka uwag krytycznych na marginesie teorii "sztuki jako sztuki kontekstualnej"
The Model Of Logic And The Logic Of A Model. Some Critical Notes On The Theory Of 'Art As Contextual Art'
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku
Tematy:
CONTEMPORARY ART
CONTEXTUAL ART
CONTEXTUALISM
JAN SWIDZINSKI
PERFORMANCE ART
Opis:
The aim of this article is to critically analyse the theory of 'art as contextual art' by Jan Swidzinski. The theory of 'art as contextual art' has not been reconstructed sufficiently in terms of its logical constitution, or its formal assumptions. The area that should be analysed, through the means of logic, becomes analysed per analogiam: that is through searching until we find the simplest and the most obvious comparisons with other contemporary, or past art theories. Swidzinski claims that the logic of the game described by him, is a useful depiction of processes that take place in the reality that surrounds us, whereas the theory of 'art as contextual art' itself contains a set of events referred to as 'the logic of a game'. This text attempts to answer the following question: What do we need to verify the above assertion? (as well as others posted by Swidzinski.) Swidzinski attempts to employ the models outlined in the essay to reveal the conflicts brought on by the misunderstandings of concepts used to describe the worlds we live in. As such, models are inscribed in the long tradition going back to Hegel. They are also present in the writings of Marquard, Habermas, Welsch and Foucault; this is irrespective of the fact that the scopes of their conceptualisation differ within the writings of these writers. The models are the one of many ways in which reality may be encompassed. Their usability is determined by some particular aims. Finally, the models serve for Swidzinski to rationalise the crisis in art. It seems rather obvious that the ability to verify them is periodical – the facts, inasmuch, may both support and refute them. The essay tries to find an answer to a question: what if the categories used by the theory of 'art as contextual art' have the ability to describe reality, but only in relation to the past which is being negated and refuted by them? Doing so, they do not directly determine what the current state is, but what it is not, in relation to what has become to be accepted as such. This is a deductive method and what is more, a negative one (it is defined by negation). In this approach the theory of 'art as contextual art' turns out to be yet another archive, another collection of truths and norms. The worst that we could have done is to treat it as true. It will never be true, it will never be fully refuted, just like in the case of truths, aspiring to the status of righteousness, which will never be verified. Perhaps, what matters here is simply to remember to never accept anything as true by belief or habit. And perhaps persistently refute, verify and redefine those truths.
Źródło:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja; 2010, 2; 5-25
2080-413X
Pojawia się w:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hommage a Jan Świdziński. Próba wprowadzenia do sztuki jako sztuki kontekstualnej
Hommage A Jan Świdziński. An Essay On Art As Contextual Art
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424521.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku
Tematy:
CONTEMPORARY ART
CONTEXTUAL ART
CONTEXTUALISM
JAN SWIDZINSKI
PERFORMANCE ART
Opis:
Jan Swidzinski (b. 1923) has been the one of the main representatives of the post-conceptual movement since mid-seventies. His artistic doctrine Art as Contextual Art (published in February 1976), considered in confrontation with Joseph Kosuth's tautological model of art, makes it possible to appreciate Swidzinski's contribution to overcome the hegemony of conceptualism and New York. Swidzinski was right to indicate that conceptualism of the Art and Language group and Kosuth, although it did try to bring back the profound meaning of art (art is a meaning, not decoration) by introducing non-artistic considerations (self-consciousness), but in fact replaced the traditional formalism of art with the formalism of the neo-positivistic philosophy which was hard to maintain. Kosuth's thesis that the works of art are analytical and tautological sentences - was a mistake because Wittgenstein's theory of meaning as a method of expression, implied an entropy of meaning in art and revealed a need for some sort of verification of the theory of the meaning itself. The tautological model as a relativistic one, while assuming a self-reflection in the autonomous context of art, did not answer the question: why is the term 'art' used this way and not in a different way? So, in 1975 Swidzinski compared the artifacts not to analytical sentences but to sentences comprising intensional functors (their veracity depends upon the contents replacing the variables). The intensionality of artistic statements, that is to say, the presence of functors in them (I know, I believe, I suppose, I must etc.) studied by the epistemological or deontological logic, indicates that they are restricted by the pragmatic moment of experience. Swidzinski declared that Art as Contextual Art is an opposition to the multiplication of meaning, and thus to relativism, and at the same time he recognized the dissimilarity and changeability of contexts, stating that what is real in one context is not real in another, and therefore he tried to sanction relativism. This is the perspective shown in his book Art, Society and Self-consciousness (1979) in which he attempted to define the structure of intensionality as the antagonistic one. In the global context there coexist various logics that regulate our image of the world: the logic of norms, the logic of freedom, the epistemological logic and the logic of a game. The awareness of the intensional structure of the context requires from us today to work out a model of culture, different from the absolutistic and relativistic one, a model in which the repressive opposition of absolutism and relativism have lost significance. It is a question: what society should be? The book is an introduction to Swidzinski's Freedom and Limitation - The Anatomy of Postmodernism (1987). Today, in my opinion, Swidzinski does not resemble the old contextualist who would foster the intentions of a traveller-researcher. He is more of a neo-pragmatic contextualist-tourist. But his doctrine is very important for our understanding of the present art and culture, though the debate between Kosuth's conceptualism and Swidzinski's contextualism appears only to be a case of the history of conceptism and, last but not least, wit (ingenium comparans).
Źródło:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja; 2009, 1; 5-20
2080-413X
Pojawia się w:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self-destruction of skepticism
Autodestrukcja sceptycyzmu radykalnego
Autorzy:
Bogusławski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
skepticism
contextualism
doubt
‘he/she knows’
sceptycyzm
kontekstualizm
wątpienie
‘wie, że’
Opis:
The author argues in favor of a claim concerning a version of radical skepticism that he calls ‘dubitative’. Unlike the radical skepticism once described by Jan Woleński that consists in the skeptic’s total refraining from making any definite statements, ‘dubitative skepticism’ consists in the skeptic’s expression of his/her doubt as regards to whatever he/she is presented with, including his/her own putative statements. ‘Doubt’ equals ‘lack of having a justification’ for a given definitive statement. This attitude is incontrovertibly possible for both a relevant p and a not-p. But ‘doubt about having a justification for p’ is incompatible with ‘doubt about not having a justification for p’. Whatever choice is made in the end, it is contained in the skeptic’s actual statement to the effect that he/she has knowledge concerning something, i.e. a knowledge that concerns his/her state of mind plus the knowledge that he/she has expressed it in the statement itself (and so on, ad infinitum). This extirpates radicalism from the skepticism of a dubitative skeptic, who, as it appears, by no means denounces any commitment to making a statement or to having knowledge. The article closes with an appropriate formal argument expressed in standard terms.
Źródło:
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria; 2019, 1; 7-16
1230-1493
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Context-Sensitivity of Color Adjectives and Folk Intuitions
Autorzy:
Ziółkowski, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
contextualism
context-sensitivity
context-shifting experiments
color adjectives
folk semantic intuitions
Opis:
In this paper, I report new empirical data on folk semantic intuitions concerning color adjectives in so-called context-shifting experiments. Contextualists present such experiments — that is, they describe different conversational contexts in which a given sentence is uttered — in order to argue that context can shape meaning and truth conditions to such a degree that competent speakers would give opposite truth evaluations of the same sentence in different contexts. The initial findings of Hansen and Chemla (2013) suggest that laypersons’ semantic judgments are sensitive to context in the same way that is predicted by contextualists. In this paper, I focus on context-shifting experiments that involve color adjectives; also, I present experiments that are a partial replication and methodological extension of Hansen and Chemla’s study. One aim of my study was to corroborate these authors’ findings using a bigger sample (total N = 1128), but the main goal was to test the stability of results in different methodological variants of empirical adaptations of context-shifting experiments. This part of the study addresses the issues pointed out in my earlier paper (Ziółkowski 2017), where I argued that certain experimental settings (within-subjects) might bring data that is more favorable to contextualism than other settings (between-subjects). My study compares three different experimental settings: within-subjects (with randomized order of context presentation), between-subjects (where participants evaluating different contexts aredistinct groups), and “contrastive design” (where both contexts are presented side by side on the same screen). My results are highly consistent across the methodological variants I employed, but while they show some of the effects expected by contextualists, it is disputable whether they bring strong support to contextualism with respect to color adjectives.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2021, 29, 2; 157-188
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Doświadczenie mistyczne w ujęciu konstruktywistycznego kontekstualizmu Stevena T. Katza
Mystical Experience in Steven T. Katz’s Constructivist Contextualism Approach
Autorzy:
Kiwka, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
mistycyzm
doświadczenie mistyczne
kontekstualizm
konstruktywizm
pluralizm
mysticism
mystical experience
contextualism
constructivism
pluralism
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present an interpretative model of mystical experience, which emerges from the publications of S. Katz, professor of philosophy of religion and comparative mysticism at Boston University (USA). His view originated as a negative reaction to the conception known in the contemporary philosophical reflection on mysticism as “universal core” that promotes a conviction about the possibility of reduction of variety of mystical experiences basically to one common model. S. Katz’s point of view is pluralistic; it means he realizes impassable differences among different kinds of mysticisms. His theory is based on a notion of experience conceived as mediated. As a consequence of this assumption he presents mystical experience as a shaping process, in which decisive factors are the constructive abilities of human mind, the cultural milieu and religious traditions, where the experience takes place, and finally the experienced reality thought as conditioned contextually and subjective. The paper besides the presentational goals brings also an attempt of critical evaluation of the presented views.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2007, 55, 1; 159-188
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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