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Tytuł:
Bid rigging in public procurement market according to the decisions of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection
Autorzy:
RÓŻOWICZ, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
bid rigging
public procurement market
judicial review of bid rigging
Opis:
In the practice of awarding public contracts, sometimes the behavior of market actors, instead of competing with other entities, are aimed at illegal cooperation, including bid rigging. The above shows that healthy competition is not possible without efficient market control. In public procurement market this control is, primarily, carried out by public procurement entities: the President of the Public Procurement Office (Prezes UZP) and the National Appeal Chamber (KIO), and furthermore by President od the Office of Competition (Prezes UOKiK) and Consumer Protection and the Court od Competition and Consumer Protection. and Consumer Protection (SOKiK). The interesting issue is how the activities of the President of Office of Competition and Consumer Protection targeted to contend with bid rigging affects on the activities of President of the Public Procurement Office (Prezes UZP) or the National Appeal Chamber (KIO).
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME); 2017, No. 2; 161-176
2353-9119
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Między ‘ortodoksją’ a ‘herezją’: islam w północnej Nigerii
Between “Orthodoxy” and “Heresy”: Islam in Northern Nigeria
Autorzy:
Siwierska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki. Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
Tematy:
Islam,
Nigeria,
bid’a,
takfir
Opis:
The development of the Muslim society in Northern Nigeria is often seen as a constant struggle of “scripturalist” Islam against allegedly “non-Islamic” influences. A person’s claim to Islam can be challenged on various levels. The most serious is takfir, a declaration that the supposed Muslim is guilty of kufr or unbelief. Another form of condemnation is tabdi´, the accusation of bid’a or “reprehensible innovation”. The third form of condemnation, weaker than either takfir or tabdi´, is accusation of fisq, that is immorality or sin in matters of belief. The question “who is a Muslim” has been a central point of conflict in Nigeria for centuries. In this article, I have shown that the tension between orthodox theology and popular religion will not be easily resolved.
Źródło:
Afryka; 2016, 43; 73-92
1234-0278
Pojawia się w:
Afryka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Polskie zmowy przetargowe” – krytyka
“Polish bid rigging” – critique
Autorzy:
Semeniuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
zmowy przetargowe
polska zmowa przetargowa
wycofanie oferty
jeden organizm gospodarczy
single economic unit
ekonomiczna analiza
Polish bid rigging
bid rigging
withdrawal of an offer
economic analysis
bid suppression
Opis:
Artykuł analizuje decyzje z zakresu tzw. zmów przetargowych wydane przez Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów. Przeważającą większość tych decyzji charakteryzuje specyficzna praktyka przedsiębiorców polegająca na wycofaniu niższej oferty. Po przeprowadzeniu ekonomicznej analizy wspomnianej praktyki oraz omówieniu koncepcji „jednego organizmu gospodarczego”, autor staje na stanowisku, że w części z omawianych spraw z zakresu „polskich zmów przetargowych” nie doszło do antykonkurencyjnego porozumienia pomiędzy przedsiębiorcami.
The paper discusses the specific, novel form of bid rigging that was the basis for recent bid rigging cases in Poland. The analyzed scheme is conceptually different from canonical bid rigging which is usually meant to over-charge the public purchaser. By contrast, the “Polish bid rigging” scheme involves two entrepreneurs participating in the same tender and one entrepreneur withdrawing his lower bid after he was chosen by the procuring public authority (allowing the latter entrepreneur to win the tender). The author discusses the economic considerations standing behind “the Polish bid rigging strategy” and argues that, in most cases, the Polish scheme constituted a unilateral practice rather than an agreement captured by competition laws.
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2013, 2, 1; 53-67
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling bid-ask spread conditional distributions using hierarchical correlation reconstruction
Autorzy:
Duda, Jarosław
Gurgul, Henryk
Syrek, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-04
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
machine learning
conditional distribution
bid-ask spread
liquidity
Opis:
While we would like to predict exact values, the information available, being incomplete, is rarely sufficient - usually allowing only conditional probability distributions to be predicted. This article discusses hierarchical correlation reconstruction (HCR) methodology for such a prediction using the example of bid-ask spreads (usually unavailable), but here predicted from more accessible data like closing price, volume, high/low price and returns. Using HCR methodology, as in copula theory, we first normalized marginal distributions so that they were nearly uniform. Then we modelled joint densities as linear combinations of orthonormal polynomials, obtaining their decomposition into mixed moments. Then we modelled each moment of the predicted variable separately as a linear combination of mixed moments of known variables using least squares linear regression. By combining these predicted moments, we obtained the predicted density as a polynomial, for which we can e.g. calculate the expected value, but also the variance to determine the uncertainty of the prediction, or we can use the entire distribution for, e.g. more accurate further calculations or generating random values. 10-fold cross-validation log-likelihood tests were conducted for 22 DAX companies, leading to very accurate predictions, especially when individual models were used for each company, as significant differences were found between their behaviours. An additional advantage of using this methodology is that it is computationally inexpensive; estimating and evaluating a model with hundreds of parameters and thousands of data points by means of this methodology takes only a second on a computer.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2020, 21, 5; 99-118
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Classification of the bid/no bid criteria - factor analysis
Klasyfikacja czynników przetargowych - analiza czynnikowa
Autorzy:
Leśniak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/231082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
oferta przetargowa
czynnik przetargowy
decyzja przetargowa
wykonawca budowlany
analiza czynnikowa
tender
bid/no bid factor
bidding decision
contractor
factor analysis
Opis:
For the construction company, tendering is the most popular way of acquiring contracts. The decision to participate in the tender needs to be made carefully, as it affects the condition of the company and is an important aspect in its quest for success. The bid/no bid decision making is a complex process involving a number of factors. The research carried out so far has mainly concerned the identification of the various kinds of influences on contractors’ bidding decisions. The researchers, on the basis of contractors’ opinions, created rank lists in an attempt to categorize the factors. In this paper the author employs factor analysis which belongs to basic methods of multi-dimensional data analysis. The paper’s aim is first to depict an output set of observed variables, that is bid/no bid factors, in terms of a smaller set of latent variables which cannot be directly observed and then to interpret the dependencies between them.
Wybór przetargu, do którego startuje przedsiębiorstwo jest bardzo ważny w aspekcie budowania jego pozycji na rynku. Umiejętność wyboru odpowiednich zleceń decyduje o ogólnej kondycji i sukcesie firmy, a nawet o jej przetrwaniu na rynku. Podjęcie decyzji o przystąpieniu do przetargu uwarunkowane jest wieloma czynnikami związanymi zarówno z przedsiębiorstwem, jak i przedsięwzięciem, którego dotyczy przetarg. Na świecie podjęto dotychczas szereg prób identyfikacji czynników mających wpływ na decyzje o uczestniczeniu w przetargu, a te z kolei przyczyniły się do budowy modeli wspomagających podjęcie tych decyzji. W artykule podjęto próbę wykrycia kluczowych kryteriów determinujących podejmowane decyzje przetargowe, których obserwowalnym efektem są konkretne czynniki zidentyfikowane na podstawie literatury przedmiotu i badań ankietowych. W tym celu zastosowano analizę czynnikową. Sposoby pozyskiwania wykonawców na rynku budowlanym zależą od rodzaju rynku, rodzaju zamówienia i jego wartości. W przypadku sektora prywatnego to inwestor sam decyduje jaka forma poszukiwania wykonawcy jest dla niego najkorzystniejsza. W przypadku sektora publicznego zamawiający zobowiązany jest do przestrzegania ustawy Prawo Zamówień Publicznych z dnia 29 stycznia 2004 r. z późn.zm. Najczęściej stosowanym trybem udzielania z zamówień publicznych na roboty budowlane jest przetarg nieograniczony. Jest to podstawowy tryb, dopuszczany przez ustawę w każdym przypadku i posiadający istotne zalety: brak przesłanek do stosowania, wysoki stopień konkurencyjności, nieskomplikowana procedura i krótki czas postępowania.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2015, 61, 4; 79-90
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in patients with ulcerative colitis
Autorzy:
Niewiarowska, K.
Lebelt, A.
Gryko, M.
Pryczynicz, A.
Famulski, W.
Czyżewska, J.
Kemona, A.
Piekarska-Dymicka, V.
Jagodzińska, D.
Guzińska-Ustymowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1916338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Ulcerative colitis
Bcl-xl
Bax
Bid
Bcl-2
Opis:
Purpose: Recent literature data indicate a key role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of Bax, Bid, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in non-dysplastic and dysplastic epithelium in inflamated mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: The study consists of 18 patients with diagnosed ulcerative colitis. The expression of proteins was determined immunohistochemically. Results: Lack of Bax expression in normal epithelium of the inflamed intestinal mucosa (94.4%) and a weak expression of this protein were found in dysplastic glandular cells (67%). The Bax expression of dysplastic epithelium correlates with reduced severity of chronic inflammation (p<0.005). Bid expression in non-dysplastic glands was found in 67% of cases vs. 16% in dysplastic epithelium that was associated with the occurrence of epithelial erosions or ulcers (p<0.05). Moderate cytoplasmic expression of Bcl-xl was noted in 27.7% of patients in normal epithelium and in 66.1% within dysplastic lesions. Bcl-xl expression in dysplastic glandular cells correlated with the presence of neutrophils in the lamina propria (p <0.05). Conclusions: The immunohistochemical expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl increase and Bid protein expression decreases in dysplastic glandular tubes as compared to non-dysplastic intestinal epithelium in inflamed mucosa, which may suggest an imbalance of controlled cell death in ulcerative colitis.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2014, 4, 1; 75-82
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative analysis of e-procurement systems
Autorzy:
Barczak, A.
Stefaniuk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
bid platform
electronic commerce
e-procurement
supporting logistic
Opis:
In the abstract have been described basic kinds of information systems of e-procurement type. Have been showed capabilities of their utilization and advantages and disadvantages of adopted solutions. Author started discerning analysis of systems from revealing the capabilities that systems carry along during realization of bids. On the occasion of the theme there were showed conditionings and directions of development of those systems. In the following chapters of the article have been appeared other forms of e-procurement. In the first place it has been described as a system supporting, in the broad sense of the term, process of supplies in the firm, after words have been given advantages of enlargement of interactions' spectrum on whole company. In the recap there were showed aspects confirming advisability of creating B2B systems, which support activity of operators in the time of market economy. In the second part of article have been showed aspects of modeling and implementation of systems under discussion. Author, step by step, will present factors, which are essential for creation of fully functional e-procurement service. Also descriptions of programming tools, used for building those applications, will be the part of aspects under consideration. Author will use a short comparison to show the best, in his opinion, tools and to present methods of their use in order to produce correctly implemented system.
Źródło:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology; 2008, 2(11); 5-13
1731-2264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Informatica : systems and information technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wadium w postępowaniach o zamówienia publiczne : Zmiana przepisów od 2021 r.
Bid Bond in Public Procurement Procedures– Legal Regulations to be Introduced in the Year 2021.
Autorzy:
Padrak, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-08
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
wadium
formy wadium
oferta
zamówienia publiczne
Prawo zamówień publicznych
bid security
forms of a bid bond
offer
public procurement
public procurement law
Opis:
Wadium jest formą zabezpieczenia interesu prawnego zamawiającego. Ustanowienie go wzmacnia obowiązek zawarcia umowy przez wykonawcę, ponieważ gwarantuje zamawiającemu uzyskanie rekompensaty w razie wystąpienia przesłanek zatrzymania wadium. Stanowi ono również barierę finansową zapewniającą przystąpienie do przetargu jedynie podmiotom zainteresowanym zawarciem umowy i zdolnym do zrealizowania zamówienia. Od przyszłego roku zmienią się związane z tym przepisy.
Starting from 1st January 2021, the Act of 29th January 2004 Public Procurement Law will no longer be in force, and the Act of 11th September 2019 Public Procurement Law will come into force, which in a comprehensive way regulates the proceedings relat ed to public procurement. These proceedings may include the legal concept of a bid bond, defined as a set sum of money, or respective guarantee for its payment, being a prerequisite for a bidder to participate in the procurement proceedings. The reason for setting a bid bond by purchasers is to protect their interests. The notion of a bid bond was regulated in Article 45 and 46 of the currently binding act, and from the year 2021 the regulations related to bid bond will be set out in Articles 97 and 98 of the new Act. In order to facilitate the public procurement procedure, the Act of 2019 Public Procurement Law, to be in force soon, does not differentiate between an oblig atory and non-obligatory bid bond. The deadline for returning the bid bond, in other forms than monetary, has been clarified in the new law, too. New regulations have been also introduced with regard to the volume of bid bond, and the manner of its retaining. A single bid bond form was abandoned. In the new Public Procurement Law, a bid bond is non-obligatory only, and it lies with the purchasing party, whenever a bid bond is foreseen in the proceedings. If it is foreseen, the provision and retaining of a bid bond over the time of the proceeding is a prerequisite for entering and participating in the public procurement procedure. The obligation to provide a bid bond on time lies with the contractor, and it should be provided before the deadline for submitting the offer. It means that a bid bond can be foreseen only in those proceedings where the contractor submits the offer, which excludes a bid bond being set in free proceedings. The volume of bid bond depends, as set out in the Law on Public Procurement of 2019, on the value of the order. In the case of orders that are lower than the Union’s threshold, the volume of bid bond cannot exceed 1.5 percent of the purchase value, while in other cases – 3 percent. The reasons for returning the bid bond ex officio include: (1) expiry of the deadline until which the offer is binding; (2) concluding a public procurement offer; (3) an nulation of the proceeding, except for a situation when an appeal has not been set for annulation, or the deadline for appeal has not been exceeded. A bid bond repayment is possible if: (1) an offer has been withdrawn before the deadline for offers submission; (2) an offer has been rejected; (3) after the most beneficial offer has been selected – to the contractor whose offer has not been selected; (4) after the procedure has been annulled, except for cases when an appeal for annulation has not settled, or when the deadline for its submission has not expired. A bid bond should be returned no later than within seven days from the date of the circumstances listed above. A bid bond submitted in cash should be returned in cash, while non-monetary bid bonds – by pro viding the guarantor with a declaration of will about the bid bond release. A bid bond return is not possible if some reasons for its retaining exist, i.e.: (1) when the contracting party fails to provide appropriate documents or declarations required by the purchaser; (2) a consent for correcting mistakes in an offer has not been given, in the case of mistakes other than obvious spelling or calculation mistakes; (3) a refusal to sign a contract on public procurement; (4) a failure to provide the required guar antee to perform the contact by the contractor with whom the contract is concluded. Retention of a cash bid bond denotes that the money on their bank account becomes their ownership. In the case of a non-cash bid bond, a bid bond retention means that the guarantor demands the bid bond value to be aid.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2020, 65, 4 (393); 124-148
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Econometric Analysis for the Bid-Ask Spread in the Emerging Chilean Capital Market
Autorzy:
Cademartori-Rosso, David
Silva-Palavecinos, Berta
Campos-Espinoza, Ricardo
de la Fuente-Mella, Hanns
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Spread (Bid-Ask)
Econometric Modeling
IFRS
Information Asymmetry
Information Disclosure
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to show that different methods for calculating the spread (Bid-Ask) and the methods for annualizing intra-day data affect the results of econometric models. To achieve our goal, we analyze different econometric models in the context of: i) the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption, ii) the reduction of information asymmetry due to new corporate governance standards, and iii) the ownership concentration that characterize the Chilean Capital Market. We test the quality of the information delivered to the market using two information disclosure indices (DIS and Botosan). We find that the definition of spread and the methods for annualizing intraday data it is a key decision and may affect the statistical significance of the variables of a specific model.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2017, 1(7); 90-101
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ON TRANSACTION COSTS IN STOCK TRADING
Autorzy:
Kociński, Marek Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
liquidity
transaction cost
bid-ask spread
market impact
trade duration
Opis:
Liquidity is an important characteristic of a stock traded on the stock exchange. The expected value of transaction costs, which takes into account the transaction's volume and duration, may be a considered as an important measure of a liquidity of a traded stock. In this paper the formulas for expected transaction cost, caused by bid-ask spread and market impact are presented. Moreover, in this article, the problem of determining a duration of a transaction of a stock sale which minimizes the transaction cost and takes into account the forecast of the expected stock price on the stock exchange, is considered.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2017, 18, 1; 58-67
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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