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Tytuł:
Rywalizacja globalna a losy chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku i świata
Global competition and the fate of China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the world
Autorzy:
Hübner, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51462428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
China
Belt and Road Initiative
BRI
global competition
Opis:
China’s contemporary Belt and Road Initiative (the “New Silk Road”) as the leading idea of China’s foreign policy in the President’s Xi Jinping era is an attempt to continue the unique tradition of the historical Silk Road. However, in the conditions of the present day, the great ideas of the Silk Road have to face in reality the challenges of the modern global world. The author shows the contemporary challenges (internal and external) facing international projects of the Belt and Road Initiative, and becoming their typical problems. The article could be used to formulate many multi-threaded conclusions, but in the end, the hope preveils that if the ideas of the Belt and Road were liberated from the context of global political competition, humanity would gain enormously. The conditions for accelerated economic growth would be created, promoting the idea of expansion based on peaceful cooperation, which – in the current era of tensions, unrest and a number of war outbreaks in the world – is particularly needed.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 4; 7-15
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Belt and Road Initiative on port selection
Autorzy:
Esmer, Soner
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
Belt and Road Initiative
container
terminal
port selection criteria
Opis:
Purpose: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was announced by China in 2013. In the initiative, railway lines are operated (Belt), and sea transportation is continuing with sea routes (Road) between China and Europe. The geographical scope of the initiative covering the Chinese-European route is increasing day by day. The purpose of this study is to identify the strategies that container terminals in sea routes need to consider to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Methodology: To achieve the goal, I focused on the criteria that container ship operators considered in port selection as the main user of the container terminals. In the study, a qualitative research process was followed, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: It is seen that the bilateral agreements between the countries where the ports are located have gained importance especially with China and the other countries involving the initiative. Moreover, it has been determined that the connections with the railway infrastructure will create a competitive advantage. The contribution: The container terminals located on the route have not only enough with classical advantages such as location, equipment, and infrastructure to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The new criteria found in the study are the areas where the port cannot directly intervene individually. However, the port operator may negotiate with the relevant parties.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2020, 5, 1; 115-123
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China – the Philippines relations in the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation framework
Autorzy:
Sianipar, Imelda Masni Juniaty
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Belt and Road Initiative
China
The Philippines
interdependency
identity
Opis:
This article examines Chinese-Philippine cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This is an intriguing issue because, in 2016, many people predicted that China would exclude the Philippines from the BRI framework due to their dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. Former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III had criticized China’s South China Sea maritime expansion, but Duterte changed the country’s foreign policy in 2016. He followed China’s advice and moved forward, resolving differences between the two countries and developing a healthy bilateral relationship. This article found that the BRI framework is critical in this shift in diplomatic relations. China and the Philippines’ interdependence, as well as the shift in identity from an enemy to a partner, have both contributed to the improvement of China-Philippines relations.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 23; 68-84
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic security of China: the implications of the belt and road initiative
Autorzy:
Kostecka-Tomaszewska, Luiza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
China
Chinese economy
Belt and Road Initiative
economic security
Opis:
Goal – The aims of the research are to identify the most significant internal and external factors affecting the economic security of China and assess the importance of the Belt and Road Initiative for China's future development. Research methodology – In order to organize internal and external determinants of economic security of China, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis was applied. Moreover, an important element of the research process was an attempt to verify hypothesis that the Belt and Road Initiative is a key instrument of China’s economic security strategy. Score – China has transformed from a poor rural country into one of the main economic powers as a result of the economic reforms initiated in the late 1970s. However, we can observe that the economy of China is slowing down. In order to ensure economic security and maintain a stable economic growth as well as avoid the middle income trap China has introduced the Belt and Road Initiative. Since its announcement, the concept has been gradually gaining in importance and has finally become the key instrument of the Chinese foreign policy and a major element of economic development strategy. The main motive behind this project is to develop transport and energy infrastructure which will allow China to gain access to natural resources and new markets. An efficient transport network will facilitate trade, while energy infrastructure will prevent problems with energy and resource supply, which the Chinese economy needs. The Belt and Road Initiative is a way of boosting economic development of China through improving infrastructure from Asia to Africa and Europe and the establishment of trade links among all partner countries. The New Silk Road concept aims to use the advantages of the Chinese economy and the states participating in the initiative to stimulate its economic growth. Therefore, it is a strategy of providing long-term economic security. Originality/value – The paper raises the issue of the Chinese economic security understood as a long-term ability of the economy to achieve a relatively fast and sustainable economic growth. In this paper, the author defines the concept of economic security and with the help of SWOT analysis presents the strengths and weaknesses of China’s economy as well as opportunities and possible threats to its stability. Moreover, the paper includes comprehensive analysis of China’s motives behind the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of economic security of China.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 4(94); 166-182
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implications of the war in Ukraine on the Belt and Road Initiative
Autorzy:
Prebilič, Vladimir
Jereb, Vid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Belt and Road Initiative
War in Ukraine
geopolitics
geo-economics
Opis:
The war in Ukraine will have broad implications for the European region and the world as a whole. It has already changed the intricate balance in the world order influencing great power competition rendering some geostrategic priorities obsolete while reinforcing others. The biggest geo-economic project of the People’s Republic of China (PRC): the Belt and Road (BRI) initiative, will be no exception. The transport and energy flows of BRI will be disrupted due to the new Iron Curtain descending across Europe in the form of sanctions against aggressors in the war in Ukraine. To balance this in the short term, the PRC will have to reroute much of its BRI cargo and projects into other corridors. In the long term, the PRC will attempt to divert Russian resources from the West to itself within the BRI framework, thus rendering western sanctions ineffective and assuring the longterm success of the BRI.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2022, 12, 2; 1-7
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Re-Emergence of the Middle East in China: Towards a New Research Paradigm in ‘One Belt, One Road’
Autorzy:
Ho, Wai-Yip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
China
new Silk Road
Belt and Road Initiative
Middle East in China
Opis:
China’s new global initiative, ‘One Belt, One Road’, has been reviving the ancient Silk Road trade route to launch an alternative ‘Go Global’ strategy. Commentators foresee China’s new Silk Road, sometimes referred to as the new Marshall Plan, may reshape the dynamics of the regions and lead to confrontation among the big powers. There are fears that whether China is engaged in neo-colonialism in Africa and may become a superpower in the Middle East. While dominant policy and scholarly attention has been given to ‘China in the Middle East’, this paper explores another ignored trend and new research paradigm, namely ‘the Middle East in China’.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2019, 5, 1; 79-91
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Smok pod piramidami. Egipt wobec chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku
Autorzy:
Zaremba, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Orientalistyczne
Tematy:
China
Egypt
Middle East
Belt and Road Initiative
Sino-Arab relations
Opis:
Egypt was the first country in Africa and the Arab world to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. In 2016 President Xi Jinping’s official visit to Egypt opened a completely new chapter in mutual relations. Relationships take a special dimension within Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative”. From China’s point of view, Egypt has many advantages: the unique geographical location that makes Egypt a meeting place for the Arab world, Africa, Asia and Europe, a relatively stable political, social and economic system, a unique civilization and culture with a long history or interactions with empires of Greece, Persia, Rome, Turkey over the millennia. All this enables Egypt to play an important role with China as a strategic partner. The article aims to present the main elements of the Chinese diplomatic strategy towards Egypt, especially towards the “Belt and Road Initiative”. Not only trade and investment policy are of particular importance, but also a strategy regarding regional conflicts and tensions, security management in the Middle East, as well as political and economic links between the Middle and Far East.
Źródło:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny; 2020, 2-3 (274-275) "Świat islamu w perspektywie badań arabistycznych i politologicznych Historia i współczesność"; 245-253
0033-2283
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Green Belt Road jako jeden z komponentów chińskiej Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku 2.0
Autorzy:
Tomaszewska, Paula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
environment
Belt and Road initiative
infrastructure
People’s Republic of China
Opis:
The aim of the article is (1) to describe the evaluation during the RDI initiative; (2) analysis of Chinese documents on “greening” projects under the Belt and Road initiative; (3) describe the impact of the initiative on the environment; (4) describing the role of socio-economic factors influencing the environment of RDI and sustainable development policy; (5) issuing recommendations and recommendations for the PRC. The article may contribute to intensifying the discussion on the environmental impact of the Belt and Road Initiative and to carrying out further interdisciplinary research – taking into account the multifaceted nature of this cross-border initiative. This is crucial as the impact of BRI is likely to be felt for generations after it is completed worldwide.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2022, 3(35); 47-66
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Development of China’s Economic Cooperation in the Horn of Africa: Special Reference to the Belt and Road Initiative
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2205020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Horn of Africa
China
Belt and Road Initiative
Economic and Trade
Geopolitics
Opis:
The study deals with China’s trade and Economic cooperation in the Horn of Africa. This research aims to focus on infrastructural development in the region under China’s Belt and Road Initiative framework. Further, the central purpose of this research is to discuss Chinese investment in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Kenya and Somalia. The research uses a qualitative analysis approach to discuss the research problems and tries to find out core findings. The following question deals with this study, how does China expand its trade and investment in the Horn of Africa? To what extent has China developed ties with the Horn of African countries in the context of BRI projects? As a result, China has developed a strong stance in the Horn of Africa in the context of trade and investment. This study concludes that China has enormous challenges within these countries to manage interstate issues for security purposes that are necessary for the success of infrastructure development and other BRI-related projects.
Źródło:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies; 2022, 1; 17-30
2956-2686
Pojawia się w:
African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategic analysis for Poland as a European hub for Belt and Road Initiative
Autorzy:
Hanusik, Andrzej
Woźnica, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Belt and Road Initiative
International trade
Logistics
New Silk Road
Northern Corridor
Opis:
Aim/purpose – This paper aims at determining the role of Poland in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and identifying an alternative course of the trail. However, there are still many variables that can significantly affect the extent of Poland’s participation in BRI. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was based on a literature query and interviews with six experts of the Polish logistics environment closely connected to the concept of the New Silk Road. The interviews and the literature analysis allowed of the authors to define potential scenarios for the course of the New Silk Road. In addition, the SWOT analysis was used to identify the Poland’s role in BRI. Findings – The most important factors that can significantly contribute to Poland’s participation in BRI are a very convenient geographical location and a strong logistics sector, whereas the main negative factors are the ambivalent attitude of the Polish authorities towards the Chinese party and the underdeveloped modern railway infrastructure. The study identified some potential scenarios for the route of the New Silk Road, i.e., Poland as a European hub, transit only, southern road and northern road (ro-ro neighbors). The first scenario is the most favorable for Poland – Poland as a European hub. This is due to the current course of the New Silk Road and the location of Poland on the most economically effective transport corridor. Research implications/limitations – The research findings allow for a relatively precise definition of possible scenarios of the BRI Northern Corridor through areas directly related to Poland. The results may contribute to raising knowledge and awareness about BRI, which may provide insights into an academic and social debate on this topic. The upshot is that the results may entail actual activities contributing to increasing the chances of Poland for being a European hub gate for BRI. Originality/value/contribution – Previous publications explored various route alternatives of the entire New Silk Road, whereas there was no analysis of the last stage of the transport corridor on which Poland lies. The paper is a response to this research gap.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2021, 43; 90-109
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on the Western Balkan Region: An erosion of EU conditionality?
Autorzy:
Cotella, Giancarlo
Berisha, Erblin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Belt and Road Initiative
the Western Balkan Region
EU enlargement
China
conditionality
Opis:
The EU integration process contributes to influence the ongoing institutional changes in the Western Balkans. At the same time, the incremental inflow of Chinese capital in the region that followed the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative is progressively reshaping power relations there. This article sheds light on the interaction between these two processes, discussing whether the increasing inflow of resources may gradually erode EU conditionality and hinder the overall integration process. To do so, the authors draw on an extensive review of academic and policy documents and on selected expert interviews, upon which they compare the actions of the EU and China in the region.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 2; 165-186
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education along the Belt and Road
Autorzy:
Paliszewska-Mojsiuk, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
education
Belt and Road Initiative
China
Polska
cooperation
scholarship
TVET
Confucius Institute
Opis:
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is focused on extending the cooperation between China and the countries of Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The five goals laid out by the Chinese government, along with unimpeded trade and financial integration, include people-to-people bonds. This last goal is to be achieved by education and international academic cooperation. In 2016, China’s Ministry of Education provided a detailed framework that stated which educational projects may be implemented within the BRI. The aim of this research is to analyze, based on the official documents proposed by Chinese ministries, the variety of educational programs offered by the Chinese government to the BRI countries. Furthermore, their strengths and weaknesses will be shown, and the article will also focus on the opportunities available for Polish higher education institutions that may profit from well-led projects.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2019, 60 (132); 210-216
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
African Dimension of the Belt and Road Initiative
Afrykański wymiar Inicjatywy Pasa i Drogi
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642395.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Africa
China
Belt and Road Initiative
Afryka
Chiny
Inicjatywa Pasa i Drogi
Opis:
Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie roli Inicjatywy Pasa i Drogi (Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku – BRI) w stosunkach między Chinami i Afryką oraz wzajemnej zależności między inicjatywą BRI a innymi formami chińskiej obecności w Afryce. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano metodę analizy danych wtórnych dotyczących zawartych umów, wymiany handlowej, oficjalnej pomocy rozwojowej (ODA), bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (FDI), długu, instrumentów miękkiej siły i planów na przyszłość. Analiza pozwala wyciągnąć kilka wniosków. Inicjatywa BRI jest tak elastyczna, że może stosunkowo łatwo i szybko zostać rozszerzona na inne kraje afrykańskie. Inicjatywa BRI jest czynnikiem kształtującym strategiczne podejście Chin do Afryki i może nadać nowy impuls chińskiemu handlowi, inwestycjom i kontraktom w Afryce. Dawne ramy współpracy instytucjonalnej, które obejmowały całą Afrykę, były bardzo ogólne i nie doprowadziły do określenia takich konkretnych priorytetów sektorowych, jak ma to miejsce w przypadku inicjatywy BRI. Inicjatywa wywarła wpływ na chińską politykę w Afryce. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że głównym zadaniem Inicjatywy w Afryce jest integracja infrastruktury, a jednym z zadań zaproponowanych na przyszłość jest relokacja przemysłowa. Jeśli plany te zostaną zrealizowane, mogą mieć fundamentalne znaczenie dla rozwoju Afryki.
The research purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the BRI in China-Africa relations and the mutual interdependence between the BRI and other forms of Chinese presence in Africa. In order to attain this goal, the method of analysis of secondary data will be employed regarding concluded agreements, trade exchange, Official Development Assistance (ODA), foreign direct investment (FDI), debt, instruments of soft power and plans for the future. The analysis allows the several conclusions to be drawn. The BRI is so flexible that it can be extended in a relatively simple way and in a short period to other African countries. The BRI is the structuring factor in China’s strategic approach to Africa and can give new impetus to Chinese trade, investment and contracts in Africa. The former institutional co-operation framework that encompassed the whole of Africa was very general and did not result in the identification of such concrete sectoral priorities as is the case with the BRI. The Initiative has exerted influence on China’s policy in Africa. There is no doubt that the Initiative’s core task in Africa is infrastructure connectivity, but one of the tasks proposed for the future is industrial relocation. If this task is accomplished, it may be fundamental for Africa’s development.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2019, 12; 145-160
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Belt and Road Initi ati ve (BRI): Implications for Iran-China Relations
Autorzy:
OSIEWICZ, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642183.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Belt and Road Initiative
BRI
China
Iran
the New Silk Road
grand strategy
Opis:
The article focuses on the Belt and Road Initiative, which was introduced by the leadership of the People’s Republic of China in 2013, and its political as well as economic implications for Iran China relations. The ongoing implementation of the Chinese initiative raises a few research questions. Would both sides benefit from the cooperation in the BRI framework or would one of them maybe have the upper hand? What are the main opportunities and challenges in the case of China-Iran relations and BRI implementation? The analysis is conducted in the framework of the grand strategy theory. This study is based on primary sources such as official governmental documents, speeches of influential politicians, and official statistical data. Besides these sources, information from secondary sources like monographs and academic articles was taken into consideration.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2018, 11; 221-232
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Silk Road on the Balkans. Case of Macedonia and Serbia
Autorzy:
Sokołowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
Balkans
China
transport
Serbia
Macedonia
New Silk Road
Belt and Road Initiative
migrant crisis
Opis:
In this article I focus on the New Silk Road - the Chinese initiative – until 2016 known as the One Belt One Road Initiative OBOR - and later changed to the Belt and Road Initiative BRI. I put special attention to the Balkan part of this economic strategy that is crucial and to two countries taking part in it: Macedonia and Serbia. The shortest way from Greece to Central Europe is going through Macedonia and Serbia and this track is becoming more important after Chinese investments in Greek port of Piraeus. I focus on Chinese plans and investments in these two countries and also on the possible threats to the initiative on the Balkans such as migrant crisis in Europe and radicalisation of Muslims.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2018, 4, 2; 29-54
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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