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Tytuł:
Unconventional hydrocarbon prospects in Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks of the East European Craton (Poland) : Insight from three-dimensional modelling of total organic carbon and thermal maturity
Autorzy:
Papiernik, Bartosz
Botor, Dariusz
Golonka, Jan
Porębski, Szczepan J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Lower Palaeozoic
shale gas
shale oil
Baltic Basin
Lublin-Podlasie Basin
total organic carbon
thermal maturity
structural parametric model
Opis:
Three-dimensional, structural and parametric numerical modelling was applied to unravel the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of a W-dipping, Lower Palaeozoic mudrock succession, which subcrops for some 700 km in the Baltic, Podlasie and Lublin basins across the SW margin of East European Craton in Poland. Input data comprised structural and thickness maps of Ordovician and Silurian strata and the results of thermal maturity (mean vitrinite-equivalent reflectance, % Ro) and total organic carbon (TOC, % wt.) modelling. A new, spatial interpretation of vitrinite-reflectance variability indicates that the regional, W-increasing thermal maturity pattern breaks into a series of domains, bounded by abrupt maturity variations. In total, 14 tectono-thermal domains were recognised and their boundaries traced to known and inferred faults, mostly of NW‒SE and NE‒SW orientations. On the basis of a combination of thermal maturity and total organic carbon levels (0.6% > Ro<2.4%, and TOC >1.5% wt.), good-quality, unconventional reservoirs can be expected in the Sasino Formation (Caradoc) and Jantar Formation (early Llandovery) in the central and western Baltic Basin. The Jantar Formation also is likely to be prospective in the western Podlasie Basin. Marginal-quality reservoirs may occur in the Sasino and Jantar formations within the Podlasie and Lublin basins and in the Pasłęk Formation (late Llandovery) across all basins. Poor- to moderate-quality, unconventional reservoirs could be present in the Pelplin Formation (Wenlock) in the Lublin and southern Podlasie basins. In spite of a considerable hydrocarbon loss during multiphase basin inversion, the Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks still contain huge quantities of dispersed gas. Successful exploitation of it would require the adoption of advanced fracking methods.Lower Palaeozoic, shale gas, shale oil, Baltic Basin, Lublin-Podlasie Basin, total organic carbon, thermal maturity, structural-parametric model.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 511- 533
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unconfined compressive strength of Lower Paleozoic shales from the Baltic Basin (northern Poland)
Autorzy:
Wojtowicz, Michał
Jarosiński, Marek
Pachytel, Radomir Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
unconfined compressive strength
triaxial tests
empirical equations
shale reservoir
Baltic Basin
Opis:
Unconfined compressive strength of Lower Paleozoic shales from the Baltic Basin (northern Poland)Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is one of the crucial parameters for geomechanical modelling of unconventional reservoirs useful for the design of hydraulic stimulation of hydrocarbon production. In spite of a large amount of UCS data collected from the Lower Silurian and Ordovician shale successions of the Baltic Basin (northern Poland), no comprehensive study on this subject has been published so far. Here, we compile the results of 247 single-stage confined compressive strength tests (CCST) provided by our industrial partner from four exploration boreholes. Based on the integration of these results with geophysical logging data, including dipole sonic logs, we derive empirical equations describing the relationship between UCS and Young’s modulus or sonic wave slowness. Considering the strong anisotropy of elastic properties in shales we have introduced different empirical equations for UCSv (vertical) and UCSh (horizontal), respectively perpendicular and parallel to bedding. The formula for UCSh is determined with less accuracy than for UCSv due to scarce laboratory tests with bed-parallel loading. Based on the empirical formula proposed, we have estimated the VTI-type of anisotropy to be in the range of 12–27%, depending on the lithostratigraphic formation. The results of our UCS estimations are compared with the results of multi-stage CCST from the adjacent borehole. Both confined tests yielded similar results for UCSv, with slightly higher values obtained from the multi-stage tests. In turn, a comparison of our solution with the results of true uniaxial compressive strength tests (UCST) for vertical samples from one of the studied boreholes revealed a significant discrepancy. The mean UCS results for shale formations from UCST are several times lower than those evaluated from the single-stage CCST. The usefulness of the results obtained for borehole breakout analysis is discussed.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 2; 65: 33
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of X-ray computed microtomography for graptolite detection in rock based on core internal structure visualization
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, Ł.
Kozłowska, A.
Maksimczuk, M.
Wejrzanowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139097.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
computed microtomography
visualization
graptolites
Silurian
Baltic Basin shale
mikrotomografia komputerowa
wizualizacja
graptolity
sylur
łupki basenu bałtyckiego
Opis:
This paper presents for the first time X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) analysis as a technique for Silurian graptolite detection in rocks. The samples come from the Jantar Bituminous Claystones Member of the Opalino core, Baltic Basin, northern Poland. Images were obtained with spatial resolution of 25 μm, which enabled the authors to create a 3-D visualization and to calculate the ratio of fissure and graptolite volume to the total sample volume. A set of μCT slices was used to create a 3-D reconstruction of graptolite geometry. These μCT slices were processed to obtain a clearly visible image and the volume ratio. A copper X-ray source filter was used during exposure to reduce radiograph artifacts. Visualization of graptolite tubaria (rhabdosomes) enabled Demirastrites simulans to be identified. Numerical models of graptolites reveal promising applications for paleontological research and thus for the recognition and characterization of reservoir rocks.
Źródło:
Acta Geologica Polonica; 2017, 67, 2; 299-306
0001-5709
Pojawia się w:
Acta Geologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The inflow of 234U and 238U from the River Odra drainage basin to the Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Skwarzec, B.
Tuszkowska, A.
Borylo, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47957.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
Odra River
Polska
Szczecin Lagoon
concentration
drainage basin
inflow
natural radionuclide
radionuclide
trace element
uranium
water sample
Opis:
In this study the activity of uranium isotopes 234U and 238U in Odra river water samples, collected from October 2003 to July 2004, was measured using alpha spectrometry. The uranium concentrations were different in each of the seasons analysed; the lowest values were recorded in summer. In all seasons, uranium concentrations were the highest in Bystrzyca river waters (from 27.81±0.29 Bq m−3 of 234U and 17.82±0.23 Bq m−3 of 238U in spring to 194.76±3.43 Bq m−3 of 234U and 134.88 ± 2.85 Bq m−3 of 238U in summer). The lowest concentrations were noted in the Mała Panew (from 1.33±0.02 Bq m−3 of 234U and 1.06±0.02 Bq m−3 of 238U in spring to 3.52 ± 0.05 Bq m−3 of 234U and 2.59 ± 0.04 Bq m−3 of 238U in autumn). The uranium radionuclides 234U and 238U in the water samples were not in radioactive equilibrium. The 234U/238U activity ratios were the highest in Odra water samples collected at Głogów (1.84 in autumn), and the lowest in water from the Noteć (1.03 in winter and spring). The 234U/238U activity ratio decreases along the main stream of the Odra, owing to changes in the salinity of the river’s waters. Annually, 8.19 tons of uranium (126.29 GBq of 234U and 100.80 GBq of 238U) flow into the Szczecin Lagoon with Odra river waters.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synoptic changes in the deep rim current during stagnant hydrographic conditions in the Eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Hagen, E.
Feistel, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
Gotland Basin
hydrography
deep water condition
current measurement
Baltic Sea
Baltic Monitoring Programme
Opis:
Hydrographic and current measurements are analysed for stagnant deep-water conditions over the south-eastern topographic flank of the Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB) in April 2000. Results suggest a prevailing barotropic motion mode on a synoptic scale of several days. Deep along-slope volume transports derived from subsurface current meter moorings are compared with those of the baroclinic fraction of geostrophic motions crossing the plane of a hydrographic section. This was aligned perpendicular to deep isobaths and was repeated 40 times with a time step of six hours. Changes in regional winds produced a quasi-ten day cycle in the filling level of the Baltic Proper. Associated wave-like fluctuations of the mass field propagated cyclonically with a velocity of about 0.04 m s−1 around the deep basin’s rim. It is concluded that associated changes in deep volume transports result mainly from barotropically governed advection processes and that those of the baroclinic component of geostrophic currents provide a qualitatively and quantitatively quite inaccurate description of related transport fluctuations on a daily scale.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strefy perspektywiczne występowania niekonwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów w kambryjskich, ordowickich, sylurskich i karbońskich kompleksach skalnych Polski : integracja wyników badań
Prospective zones for unconventional hydrocarbon resources in Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous rocks of Poland : integration of the research results
Autorzy:
Podhalańska, T.
Waksmundzka, M. I.
Becker, A.
Roszkowska-Remin, J.
Dyrka, I.
Feldman-Olszewska, A.
Głuszyński, A.
Grotek, I.
Janas, M.
Karcz, P.
Nowak, G.
Pacześna, J.
Roman, M.
Sikorska-Jaworowska, M.
Kuberska, M.
Kozłowska, A.
Sobień, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
niekonwencjonalne złoża węglowodorów
strefa perspektywiczna
dolny paleozoik
karbon
basen bałtycko-podlasko-lubelski
zagłębie SW Poland
unconventional hydrocarbon resources
prospective zones
lower Palaeozoic
Carboniferous
Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin basin
Carboniferous basin of SW Poland
Opis:
The paper presents the characteristics of prospective zones identified for the first time within the lower Palaeozoic shale formations occurring in the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin and within the Carboniferous shale, sandstone, and mixed shale-sandstone complexes (the so-called hybrid complexes) in the basin of south-western Poland. The lateral and vertical ranges of these zones are determined based on specific criteria using the results of various research methods and analyses, i.e.: stratigraphic, sedimentological, mineralogical, petrological and geochemical of organic matter, petrographic and petrophysical, including interpretation of well logs. Archived geological materials and those coming from the boreholes drilled recently in the concession areas were also used. Four prospective zones have been distinguished in the lower Palaeozoic of the so-called shale belt: SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4. The most prospective area for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits in shale formations is the Baltic region – the Łeba Elevation, where there are all four perspective zones, only partially covering the range of potentially prospective formations. In each of these zones, both liquid and gas hydrocarbons can be expected in this area. Due to the low percentage of organic matter, the lowest hydrocarbon generation potential is attributed to the Lublin region. However, the low values of this parameter are compensated by other parameters, i.e. the considerable thickness and lateral extent of zone SP4 corresponding partly to the Pelplin Formation. In the Carboniferous rocks of south-western Poland, seven prospective zones have been distinguished in four borehole sections. Four of them are “tight” zones in compact sandstones, while the other three zones represent a hybrid type in complexes with mixed lithology. No prospective zones have been defined in complexes with homogeneous shale lithologies. Determination of lateral extents of the identified zones has not been possible due to the scarcity of data on the geological structure and stratigraphy of the Carboniferous succession in the study area
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 12; 1008--1021
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea)
Autorzy:
Hille, S.
Leipe, T.
Seifert, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
hydrography
Gotland Basin
sediment accumulation
spatial variability
sedimentation rate
Baltic Sea
Opis:
In order to study recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin, 52 short sediment cores collected from the deepest part (<150 m)of the Basin in 2003 were investigated. The upper parts of all the cores were distinctly laminated and dark in colour, followed by a homogeneous, greyish lower part. The thickness of the laminated sequences varied from 17 to 300 mm. 210Pb dating analyses of selected cores revealed that the change from non-laminated to laminated sediments happened about 100 years ago, indicating a shift from predominantly oxic bottom water conditions to anoxic conditions. Used as a time marker, this shift in the sediment texture enabled sediment accumulation rates to be estimated for all sediment cores. The observed mean linear sedimentation rate for the whole basin was 0.93 ± 0.67 mm yr−1. The respective bulk sediment accumulation rates ranged from 10.5 to 527 g m−2 yr−1 with an average of 129 ± 112 g m−2 yr−1, indicating a high spatial variability of sedimentation rates within the basin. This agrees very well with the long-term sedimentation pattern since the Litorina transgression. The observed pattern clearly reflects the hydrographic conditions at the seafloor as studied by modelled near-bottom current velocities.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seismo-geological model of the Baltic Basin (Poland)
Autorzy:
Kasperska, Monika
Marzec, Paweł
Pietsch, Kaja
Golonka, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Baltic Basin
East European Platform
Palaeozoic
lithostratigraphy
tectonics
seismic interpretation
Opis:
The aim of this study is to construct a seismo-geological model of the western part of the Baltic Syneclise. This model enables reconstruction of the tectonic processes taking place in this area, which had a significant impact on the formation of prospective zones for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations. The two seismic surveys Opalino 3D and Kościerzyna-Gdańsk 2D, together with borehole data available in the vicinity, were used for the research. Well data were used not only for the seismic-to-well tie, but also for the construction of well cross-sections (including balanced ones). The structural interpretation of seismic boundaries enabled the separation of four structural stages: Precambrian; Caledonian, Permian-Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The seismic interpretation of the Opalino 3D survey indicates the presence of block-style tectonics in this area. This system is considered to be a part of a large block system, also extending throughout the area of the 2D survey. The Caledonian interval shows the greatest degree of structural complexity. Most of the large Palaeozoic dislocations already had been formed in the Cambrian. They underwent reactivation and/or inversion in the Silurian, or in the final stages of the Caledonian and/or Variscan Orogeny, at the latest. The current shape and structure of the Baltic Syneclise and the development of the Palaeozoic sedimentary cover were significantly influenced by the processes taking place in the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ). The dislocations of the Lower Palaeozoic stage are characterized by general NW-SE and NE-SW trends, although the first of these seems to be dominant.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 2; 195-213
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sedimentary deposition and reflux of phosphorus (P) in the Eastern Gotland Basin and their coupling with P concentrations in the water column
Autorzy:
Hille, S.
Nausch, G.
Leipe, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
dissolved inorganic phosphorus
deposition
Gotland Basin
Baltic Sea
reflux
sediment
phosphorus
Opis:
In order to describe the role of sedimentary processes for the phosphorus (P) cycle in the open Baltic Proper, P deposition and reflux were quantified for the predominately anoxic sediments of the Eastern Gotland Basin. The study is based on investigations of 53 surface sediment samples and pore water samples from 8 sediment cores. The average P deposition rate was estimated at 0.20 g±0.18 g m−2 yr−1, the fluctuation being due to variable bulk sediment deposition rates. P refluxes were estimated by applying Fick’s First Law of Diffusion. A fairly good positive correlation between sedimentary P deposition and P release was obtained. P release from sediments by diffusion exceeds net P deposition by a factor of 2. This suggests that 2/3 of the deposited gross P is recycled in the sediments and released back into the water column; only 1/3 remains in the sediment permanently. A budget calculation demonstrates that the released dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) accounts for the observed increase in DIP concentrations in the deep water during periods of stagnation, which is noticeable even at the surface P concentrations. Under such conditions and with the present remediation conditions it is not possible to freely manage P concentrations in the water column on short time scales.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reconstruction of initial thickness and geometry of the Lower Palaeozoic strata in the Podlasie and Baltic basins, East European Craton
Autorzy:
Barmuta, Jan
Barmuta, Maria
Golonka, Jan
Papiernik, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
subsidence
decompaction
restoration
Podlasie Basin
Baltic Basin
Mazury High
shale gas
Opis:
The aim of this study was to use the structural restoration technique to verify the correctness of the structural and palaeothickness maps created during the BLUE GAS Project. On the basis of well data as well as refined structural and palaeothickness maps of Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous horizons, a cross-section running across the Baltic Basin, the Mazury High and the Podlasie Basin was created. During the restoration process, the effects of compaction and fault activity were removed sequentially. The amount of erosion was estimated on the basis of the corrected palaeothickness maps. The resulting restoration is geologically reasonable and therefore both the structural and palaeothickness maps should be regarded as reliable. The reconstruction also allowed reproduction of the initial geometry and thickness of the Cambrian–Devonian strata and the recognition of three main episodes in the evolution of the sedimentary cover of this part of the East European Craton. The first episode was related to the deposition of the Lower Palaeozoic (up to the Lower Devonian) sedimentary complex on the relatively flat surface of the East European Craton edge. During the second episode, lasting most probably to the Permian, the Baltic and Podlasie Basins subsided significantly. The amount of subsidence was much higher in the Podlasie Basin. The third episode is related to the deposition of the almost flat-lying Mesozoic–Cainozoic complex.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 471-480
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Processes and factors influencing the through-flow of new deepwater in the Bornholm Basin
Autorzy:
Stigebrandt, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
hydrographic condition
Bornholm Basin
salinity
oxygen concentration
vertical stratification
deep water
Baltic Sea
Opis:
This paper is based on the idea that the hydrographical conditions in the Bornholm Basin, and any other basin, can be understood from knowledge of general hydromechanical principles and basin-specific factors. Published results on the variability of the vertical stratification are shown and discussed. Such analyses demonstrate the residence time of water at different depth levels. Different modes of currents forced by winds and by stratification gradients at open vertical boundaries are presented. Vertical mixing is discussed and published results for the Bornholm Basin are shown. An experiment demonstrates that the diffusive properties of the enclosed basin, i.e. below the sill depth of the Słupsk Furrow, can be computed quite well from the horizontal mean vertical diffusivity obtained from historical hydrographical observations. A published two decades long simulation of the vertical stratification shows that the through flow and modification of new deepwater in the Bornholm Basin can be well described based on existing knowledge regarding crucial hydromechanical processes. It also suggests, indirectly, that there should be a weak anticyclonic circulation above the sill depth, which is supported by current measurements.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 1
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Petrographic characteristics of the Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin (N Poland) and their relevance for unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations
Autorzy:
Kuberska, Marta
Sikorska-Jaworowska, Magdalena
Kozłowska, Aleksandra
Podhalańska, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
petrography
mineralogy
shale-type accumulations
total organic carbon
Ordovician rocks
Silurian rocks
Baltic Basin
Opis:
The Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin are represented by siltstones, mudstones, limestones, marls, sandstones and, most commonly, claystones with a markedly shaley structure. Claystones that are particularly rich in organic matter are considered as potential reservoirs for shale gas accumulations. Samples from 11 boreholes, including core samples of the Piaśnica, Słuchowo, Kopalino, Sasino, Prabuty, Jantar, Pelplin and locally Pasłęk, Kociewie and Puck formations, were analysed by optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The Piaśnica, Sasino, Jantar, Pasłęk and Pelplin formations are characterized locally by a dominance of black bituminous claystones with a high content of organic matter, and a generally consistent clay mineral composition. Individual samples only show variations in silt fraction and carbonate content. Very important is the negligible proportion of swelling minerals in the clay fraction; the percentage of smectite in the mixed-layered illite/smectite minerals does not exceed 15%. It is important for the rocks to have adequate [SiO2 >10%; Quartz (Q) + Feldspars (Fs) + Carbonates >40%] brittleness. The content of quartz, feldspars and carbonates (here >40%) suggests that the claystones are susceptible to hydraulic fracturing. The claystones show micropores between detrital grains, between the flakes of clay minerals, within pyrite framboids, and organic matter and secondary micropores within grains.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 3; 65: 44
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obliczanie parametrów anizotropii Thomsena w łupkach gazonośnych basenu bałtyckiego na podstawie pomiarów geofizyki otworowej
Thomsen anisotropy parameters calculation in the Baltic Basin shale gas formations based on the measurement of well logging data, some attempts
Autorzy:
Bała, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835147.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
anizotropia własności sprężystych
prędkości fal P i S
profilowania akustyczne
łupkowe formacje gazonośne
basen bałtycki
parametry Thomsena
anisotropy of elastic properties
P and S velocities
acoustic log
shale gas formations
Baltic Basin
Thomsen parameter
Opis:
Anizotropia oznacza zróżnicowanie, między innymi, parametrów sprężystych w zależności od kierunku, w jakim są one mierzone. Serie anizotropowe mogą tworzyć się w wyniku procesów depozycji oraz naprężeń tektonicznych ściskających i rozciągających. Przy interpretacji danych geofizyki otworowej, w zależności od skali zjawiska, anizotropię możemy rozpatrywać jako makro- lub mikroanizotropię. Makroanizotropia będzie związana z warstwowaniem formacji skalnych, np. łupki ilaste przeławicone wkładkami piaskowca czy mułowca. Mikroanizotropia jest związana z wewnętrzną strukturą, np. frakcyjne ułożenie ziaren o różnej wielkości lub wydłużone w jednym kierunku przestrzenie porowe itp. Problemem anizotropii własności sprężystych skał i jej wpływem na rejestrowane prędkości w profilowaniach akustycznych w otworach zajmowano się na świecie od wielu lat. Teoretyczne modelowania „odpowiedzi” sond akustycznych w skałach piaskowcowo-ilastych zakładają najczęściej uproszczone ośrodki anizotropowe. Najbardziej znane są opisane przez Thomsena [17], parametry anizotropii ε, γ i δ, charakterystyczne dla modelu z heksagonalną symetrią (ang. transverse isotropy – TIV). Zauważono, na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych, że parametry ε, γ przyjmują najczęściej wartości dodatnie, a parametr δ wartości zarówno dodatnie, jak i ujemne. W pracy przedstawiono próby obliczenia parametrów anizotropii własności sprężystych dla utworów ilasto-mułowcowych syluru i ordowiku w kilku otworach leżących w basenie bałtyckim. Zastosowano metodę przedstawioną w publikacji [11]. Metoda ta stworzyła możliwość określenia parametrów ε i γ w przypadku poziomo warstwowanych łupków i prostopadłych do nich otworów. Pomiary geofizyki otworowej, a w szczególności dane rejestrowane akustycznymi sondami dipolowymi umożliwiły określanie prędkości fal podłużnych P i poprzecznych SFast i SSlow oraz obliczanie parametrów Thomsena ε i γ. Uzyskane rezultaty, porównane z otrzymanymi wynikami dla podobnych utworów łupków gazonośnych publikowanymi w literaturze, potwierdziły poprawność metody i podobieństwo zakresu zmienności parametrów ε, γ [vide 17, 20, 22].
Anisotropy occurs in rocks and strongly affects their elastic properties. It means the differentiation of physical parameters depending on the direction in which these parameters are measured. Anisotropic series can be formed as a result of deposition processes and tectonic compressive and tensile stresses. In the interpretation of well logging data, depending on the scale of the phenomenon, anisotropy can be considered as macro- or micro-anisotropy. The macro-anisotropy will be associated with the thin-layer beds of rock formations, e.g. clay shales laminated with layers of sandstone or siltstone. The micro-anisotropy is related to the internal structure, e.g. fractional distribution of grains of different sizes or pore spaces elongated in one direction, etc. The problem of rock anisotropy and its effect on recorded velocities in acoustic log in boreholes, has been studied for many years globally. Theoretical modeling of the “response” of acoustic tools in sandstone and clay rocks usually assumes simplified anisotropic media. The best-known ones are described by Thomsen [17], anisotropy parameters ε, γ and δ characteristic for the model with hexagonal symmetry (transverse isotropy – TIV). It was noticed, on the basis of laboratory tests, that parameters ε, γ usually take positive values and parameter δ both positive and negative values. The paper presents the attempts to calculate the parameters of elastic anisotropy, for the Silurian and Ordovician clayey silty deposits in several boreholes located in the Baltic basin. The method presented in publication [11] has been applied. This method has created the possibility to determine the parameters ε and γ for horizontally layered shales and perpendicular boreholes to them. The measurements of well logging, and in particular the data recorded with acoustic dipole probes, made it possible to determine the velocity of the longitudinal P and transverse waves of SFast and SSlow and to calculate the Thomsen ε and γ parameters. The obtained results, compared with the results for similar gas-bearing shale, published in the literature, confirmed the correctness of the method and the similarity of the variability range of ε, γ parameters. [vide 17, 20, 22].
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2018, 74, 11; 796-801
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nanoflagellates in the Gdańsk Basin: coexistence between forms belonging to different trophic types
Autorzy:
Rychert, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
coastal zone
mixotrophic form
biomass
nanoflagellate
Baltic Sea
Gdansk Basin
chlorophyll
Opis:
Nanoflagellates are important bacterivores, but their role is often underestimated because forms capable of phagotrophy and containing chlorophyll (mixotrophs) are excluded from analyses. Research conducted in the coastal zone of the Gdańsk Basin (Baltic Sea) revealed seasonal changes in the relationship between the biomasses of small (1–8 μm) nanoflagellates with (NFChl+) and without chlorophyll (NFChl–). Three distinct patterns were distinguished: (i) spring, when the biomass of NFChl+ was lower than that of NFChl–, (ii) summer and autumn, when NFChl+ were dominant (about 90%), and (iii) late autumn and winter, when the prevalence of NFChl+ was lower (71–79%). Additional studies showed the existence of spatial differences in the composition of the nanoflagellate community. These spatial differences were not shaped by freshwater input. The possible importance of mixotrophic forms in the Gdańsk Basin is discussed.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multivariate S-wave velocity prediction in the assessment of elastic parameters in shale formations
Autorzy:
Kaczmarczyk, Weronika
Słota-Valim, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
fala poprzeczna
formacje łupkowe
basen bałtycki
parametry sprężyste
shear wave
shale formations
Baltic basin
elastic properties
Opis:
Exploration and development of the hydrocarbons reservoir in unconventional rock formation is a huge challenge. Due to their specific nature, which is manifested by limited filtration properties, they require an appropriate approach and the use of specific solutions. They include, among others, the determination of zones with higher hydrocarbon potential – so called sweet spots, application of horizontal drilling technology, or designing as well as performing rock stimulation treatments of rocks usually with low or almost zero permeability with the use of hydraulic fracturing. The analysis of the right combination of parameters in this case can be essential and provide extremely important information about the reservoir in an unconventional rock formation. As one of the most important parameters allowing, among others, to characterize the reservoir in terms of rock susceptibility to hydraulic fracturing, elastic properties require the availability of shear wave Vs, which in contrast to compressional wave Vp in the Polish standard is measured rarely. Therefore, in this paper, a multivariate prediction of shear wave velocity was developed with the use of theoretical models known from the literature and modified, based on which we estimate the elastic parameters. Using the obtained results, the elastic parameters were calculated on the basis of which, in the next stage, interdisciplinary characterization of reservoir formation is possible, e.g. in the aspect of assessing the reservoir formation susceptibility to hydraulic fracturing and thus creating technological fractures constituting the migration path for reservoir fluids. Based on different solutions, 5 variants of shear wave velocity were developed in the borehole scale, the results of which were then used to calculate the elastic modules: the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio. Because of the availability of the measured shear wave in each analyzed wellbores, it was possible to verify the results of the estimated variants. Subsequently, for the purpose of spatial characterization of the reservoir, calculated variants of the Young modulus were integrated with the seismic data. The analysis was conducted in Ordovician – Silurian shale formations in the Baltic Basin, at intervals enriched with organic matter.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2020, 76, 7; 441--448
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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