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    Tytuł:
    Reconstruction of initial thickness and geometry of the Lower Palaeozoic strata in the Podlasie and Baltic basins, East European Craton
    Autorzy:
    Barmuta, Jan
    Barmuta, Maria
    Golonka, Jan
    Papiernik, Bartosz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191593.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    subsidence
    decompaction
    restoration
    Podlasie Basin
    Baltic Basin
    Mazury High
    shale gas
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to use the structural restoration technique to verify the correctness of the structural and palaeothickness maps created during the BLUE GAS Project. On the basis of well data as well as refined structural and palaeothickness maps of Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous horizons, a cross-section running across the Baltic Basin, the Mazury High and the Podlasie Basin was created. During the restoration process, the effects of compaction and fault activity were removed sequentially. The amount of erosion was estimated on the basis of the corrected palaeothickness maps. The resulting restoration is geologically reasonable and therefore both the structural and palaeothickness maps should be regarded as reliable. The reconstruction also allowed reproduction of the initial geometry and thickness of the Cambrian–Devonian strata and the recognition of three main episodes in the evolution of the sedimentary cover of this part of the East European Craton. The first episode was related to the deposition of the Lower Palaeozoic (up to the Lower Devonian) sedimentary complex on the relatively flat surface of the East European Craton edge. During the second episode, lasting most probably to the Permian, the Baltic and Podlasie Basins subsided significantly. The amount of subsidence was much higher in the Podlasie Basin. The third episode is related to the deposition of the almost flat-lying Mesozoic–Cainozoic complex.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 471-480
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of joint sets orientation in the Lower Paleozoic shales exposed in Scania (SW Sweden) and concealed in N Poland : a multi-methodological approach
    Autorzy:
    Olkowicz, Marcin
    Bobek, Kinga
    Jarosiński, Marek
    Pachytel, Radomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    joint system
    shale formations
    Baltic Basin
    photogrammetry
    borehole scanner
    Opis:
    The Lower Paleozoic shales of SW Sweden and Eastern Pomerania (Poland) have a common history related to the depositional and tectonic evolution of the Baltic Basin. The major tectonic events are recorded, among others, as joints, which are either exposed in outcrops in SW Sweden or recognised in deep boreholes located in Pomerania. We present a comparison of the regional joint systems recognized by multiple methods in the studied region. In effect of a statistical compilation of measurements, five joint sets (named JS 1 to JS 5) were identified, traceable between Eastern Pomerania and SW Sweden. Our analysis showed a general consistency of joint set orientations, independent of their distance to the Tornquist tectonic zone passing through the study region. Three of the joint sets, JS 1 striking NNE, JS 2 striking WNW, and JS 3 striking NNW, are found to be the most frequent sets, occurring in most sites. Having more constant orientation, the JS 1 and JS 3 served as indicators of possible rotation of the tectonic block or stress field in the region. JS 1 and JS 2 are interpreted as an effect of late Carboniferous stress relaxation after Variscan collision, while JS 3 and the E–W striking JS 4 might be related to the Early Devonian Caledonian compressive stage.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 4; s. 258--275
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Seismo-geological model of the Baltic Basin (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Kasperska, Monika
    Marzec, Paweł
    Pietsch, Kaja
    Golonka, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191810.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Baltic Basin
    East European Platform
    Palaeozoic
    lithostratigraphy
    tectonics
    seismic interpretation
    Opis:
    The aim of this study is to construct a seismo-geological model of the western part of the Baltic Syneclise. This model enables reconstruction of the tectonic processes taking place in this area, which had a significant impact on the formation of prospective zones for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations. The two seismic surveys Opalino 3D and Kościerzyna-Gdańsk 2D, together with borehole data available in the vicinity, were used for the research. Well data were used not only for the seismic-to-well tie, but also for the construction of well cross-sections (including balanced ones). The structural interpretation of seismic boundaries enabled the separation of four structural stages: Precambrian; Caledonian, Permian-Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The seismic interpretation of the Opalino 3D survey indicates the presence of block-style tectonics in this area. This system is considered to be a part of a large block system, also extending throughout the area of the 2D survey. The Caledonian interval shows the greatest degree of structural complexity. Most of the large Palaeozoic dislocations already had been formed in the Cambrian. They underwent reactivation and/or inversion in the Silurian, or in the final stages of the Caledonian and/or Variscan Orogeny, at the latest. The current shape and structure of the Baltic Syneclise and the development of the Palaeozoic sedimentary cover were significantly influenced by the processes taking place in the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ). The dislocations of the Lower Palaeozoic stage are characterized by general NW-SE and NE-SW trends, although the first of these seems to be dominant.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 2; 195-213
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Integrated geophysical data for sweet spot identification in Baltic Basin, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Cichostępski, Kamil
    Kwietniak, Anna
    Dec, Jerzy
    Kasperska, Monika
    Pietsch, Kaja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    shale plays
    sweet spots
    seismic inversion
    resolution enhancement
    Polska
    Baltic Basin
    Opis:
    In the paper, the authors present the results of seismic reservoir characterization of shale gas deposits of the Lower Silurian and Ordovician (Sasino Formation and Jantar Formation), which are localized within the onshore part of the Baltic Basin, N Poland. For this purpose, acoustic inversion of seismic data and petrophysical analysis of well-log data were incorporated. The new approach that the authors used for acoustic inversion was the resolution enhancement algorithm, known as spectral blueing, before proceeding with the acoustic inversion process. The spectral blueing procedure enhances the seismic spectrum by weighting it with the well reflectivity spectrum. The resulting enhanced seismic volume manifests itself in higher energies of the high frequency component, while keeping the frequency range constant. With the results of acoustic inversion after the spectral blueing procedure, the authors were able to define two more potential exploration sites within the Ordovician deposits.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 2; 215-231
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unconfined compressive strength of Lower Paleozoic shales from the Baltic Basin (northern Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Wojtowicz, Michał
    Jarosiński, Marek
    Pachytel, Radomir Władysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    unconfined compressive strength
    triaxial tests
    empirical equations
    shale reservoir
    Baltic Basin
    Opis:
    Unconfined compressive strength of Lower Paleozoic shales from the Baltic Basin (northern Poland)Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is one of the crucial parameters for geomechanical modelling of unconventional reservoirs useful for the design of hydraulic stimulation of hydrocarbon production. In spite of a large amount of UCS data collected from the Lower Silurian and Ordovician shale successions of the Baltic Basin (northern Poland), no comprehensive study on this subject has been published so far. Here, we compile the results of 247 single-stage confined compressive strength tests (CCST) provided by our industrial partner from four exploration boreholes. Based on the integration of these results with geophysical logging data, including dipole sonic logs, we derive empirical equations describing the relationship between UCS and Young’s modulus or sonic wave slowness. Considering the strong anisotropy of elastic properties in shales we have introduced different empirical equations for UCSv (vertical) and UCSh (horizontal), respectively perpendicular and parallel to bedding. The formula for UCSh is determined with less accuracy than for UCSv due to scarce laboratory tests with bed-parallel loading. Based on the empirical formula proposed, we have estimated the VTI-type of anisotropy to be in the range of 12–27%, depending on the lithostratigraphic formation. The results of our UCS estimations are compared with the results of multi-stage CCST from the adjacent borehole. Both confined tests yielded similar results for UCSv, with slightly higher values obtained from the multi-stage tests. In turn, a comparison of our solution with the results of true uniaxial compressive strength tests (UCST) for vertical samples from one of the studied boreholes revealed a significant discrepancy. The mean UCS results for shale formations from UCST are several times lower than those evaluated from the single-stage CCST. The usefulness of the results obtained for borehole breakout analysis is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 2; 65: 33
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Geological setting and Ediacaran–Palaeozoic evolution of the western slope of the East European Craton and adjacent regions
    Autorzy:
    Poprawa, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191938.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Lower Palaeozoic
    Ediacaran
    Baltic Basin
    Lublin-Podlasie Basin
    geological map
    geological cross-section
    tectonic evolution
    Opis:
    A set of geological maps and geological cross-sections was prepared to document the geological setting of sedimentary basins developed on the western slope of the EEC and adjacent areas to the west. On the basis of these data and literature on the subject, the evolution of the sedimentary basins in the study area was reviewed, with special emphasis on the Ediacaran–Lower Palaeozoic basin. The basin originated during late Ediacaran rifting, related to the latest stages of breakup of the Precambrian super-continent Rodinia/Pannotia, associated with large-scale igneous activity. The rifting ultimately led to the formation of the Tornquist Ocean and subsequently, during the latest Ediacaran to Middle Ordovician, the SW margin of the newly formed Baltica became a passive continental margin. The upper Cambrian depocentre in the Biłgoraj-Narol Zone and the Łysogóry Block tentatively is interpreted as a small, narrow foredeep, related to the docking of the Małopolska Block to the western margin of Baltica. From the Late Ordovician through the Silurian, a gradual change to a collisional tectonic setting is observed across the entire SW margin of Baltica, as well as in the zones adjacent to it from the west, which together became the site of development of the extensive Caledonian foredeep basin, related to the convergence and collision of Avalonia and Baltica. The oblique character of the collision resulted in a prominent diachronism in the development of the foredeep basin. This refers to the initiation of basin subsidence, the starved basin phase, the main phase of rapid subsidence and supply of detritus from the west, and the termination of basin development. The Early Mississippian (Bretonian) phase of uplift and erosion and, to a lesser degree, also the Late Pennsylvanian one significantly affected the structure of the western EEC. During the Mississippian, extensive magmatic activity took place at the SW margin of East European Craton, in the region referred to here as the Baltic-Lublin Igneous Province.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 347-380
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Petrographic characteristics of the Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin (N Poland) and their relevance for unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations
    Autorzy:
    Kuberska, Marta
    Sikorska-Jaworowska, Magdalena
    Kozłowska, Aleksandra
    Podhalańska, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    petrography
    mineralogy
    shale-type accumulations
    total organic carbon
    Ordovician rocks
    Silurian rocks
    Baltic Basin
    Opis:
    The Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin are represented by siltstones, mudstones, limestones, marls, sandstones and, most commonly, claystones with a markedly shaley structure. Claystones that are particularly rich in organic matter are considered as potential reservoirs for shale gas accumulations. Samples from 11 boreholes, including core samples of the Piaśnica, Słuchowo, Kopalino, Sasino, Prabuty, Jantar, Pelplin and locally Pasłęk, Kociewie and Puck formations, were analysed by optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The Piaśnica, Sasino, Jantar, Pasłęk and Pelplin formations are characterized locally by a dominance of black bituminous claystones with a high content of organic matter, and a generally consistent clay mineral composition. Individual samples only show variations in silt fraction and carbonate content. Very important is the negligible proportion of swelling minerals in the clay fraction; the percentage of smectite in the mixed-layered illite/smectite minerals does not exceed 15%. It is important for the rocks to have adequate [SiO2 >10%; Quartz (Q) + Feldspars (Fs) + Carbonates >40%] brittleness. The content of quartz, feldspars and carbonates (here >40%) suggests that the claystones are susceptible to hydraulic fracturing. The claystones show micropores between detrital grains, between the flakes of clay minerals, within pyrite framboids, and organic matter and secondary micropores within grains.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 3; 65: 44
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Attempts to calculate the pseudo-anisotropy of elastic parameters of shales gas formations based on well logging data and their geostatistical analysis
    Autorzy:
    Bała, Maria
    Cichy, Adam
    Wasilewska-Błaszczyk, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184744.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    anisotropy parameters
    P and S velocities
    Baltic Basin
    shale gas formations
    acoustic dipole tool
    semivariogram
    Opis:
    This paper presents the attempts to calculate the pseudo-anisotropy of elastic parameters for the Silurian and Ordovician shale formations of several wells located in the Baltic basin. For this purpose, well-logging data were used, in particular data recorded with acoustic dipole tools. With the P and S waves velocities available, measured at the dipole setting in two orthogonal directions XX or YY (SFast and SSlow), the elastic ε and γ parameters were calculated. In this paper we evaluate the effect of different factors e.g., porosity, clay and kerogen content on the velocity of anisotropy shale gas formations. A geostatistical analysis of elastic and reservoir properties was carried out in order to determine the character of the variability of Silurian and Ordovician shale formations in all of the studied wells. Semivariograms for each well characterizing the variation of elastic parameters in the vertical direction were calculated.
    Źródło:
    Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2019, 45, 1; 5-20
    2299-8004
    2353-0790
    Pojawia się w:
    Geology, Geophysics and Environment
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unconventional hydrocarbon prospects in Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks of the East European Craton (Poland) : Insight from three-dimensional modelling of total organic carbon and thermal maturity
    Autorzy:
    Papiernik, Bartosz
    Botor, Dariusz
    Golonka, Jan
    Porębski, Szczepan J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191357.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Lower Palaeozoic
    shale gas
    shale oil
    Baltic Basin
    Lublin-Podlasie Basin
    total organic carbon
    thermal maturity
    structural parametric model
    Opis:
    Three-dimensional, structural and parametric numerical modelling was applied to unravel the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of a W-dipping, Lower Palaeozoic mudrock succession, which subcrops for some 700 km in the Baltic, Podlasie and Lublin basins across the SW margin of East European Craton in Poland. Input data comprised structural and thickness maps of Ordovician and Silurian strata and the results of thermal maturity (mean vitrinite-equivalent reflectance, % Ro) and total organic carbon (TOC, % wt.) modelling. A new, spatial interpretation of vitrinite-reflectance variability indicates that the regional, W-increasing thermal maturity pattern breaks into a series of domains, bounded by abrupt maturity variations. In total, 14 tectono-thermal domains were recognised and their boundaries traced to known and inferred faults, mostly of NW‒SE and NE‒SW orientations. On the basis of a combination of thermal maturity and total organic carbon levels (0.6% > Ro<2.4%, and TOC >1.5% wt.), good-quality, unconventional reservoirs can be expected in the Sasino Formation (Caradoc) and Jantar Formation (early Llandovery) in the central and western Baltic Basin. The Jantar Formation also is likely to be prospective in the western Podlasie Basin. Marginal-quality reservoirs may occur in the Sasino and Jantar formations within the Podlasie and Lublin basins and in the Pasłęk Formation (late Llandovery) across all basins. Poor- to moderate-quality, unconventional reservoirs could be present in the Pelplin Formation (Wenlock) in the Lublin and southern Podlasie basins. In spite of a considerable hydrocarbon loss during multiphase basin inversion, the Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks still contain huge quantities of dispersed gas. Successful exploitation of it would require the adoption of advanced fracking methods.Lower Palaeozoic, shale gas, shale oil, Baltic Basin, Lublin-Podlasie Basin, total organic carbon, thermal maturity, structural-parametric model.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 511- 533
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lithology and diagenesis of the poorly consolidated Cambrian siliciclastic sediments in the northern Baltic Sedimentary Basin
    Autorzy:
    Raidla, V.
    Kirsimäe, K.
    Bityukova, L.
    Joeleht, A.
    Shogenova, A.
    Šliaupa, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Cambrian
    Baltic Sedimentary Basin
    siliclastic sediments
    diagenesis
    clay minerals
    compaction
    Opis:
    The present study discusses lithology and diagenetic characteristics of the siliciclastic Cambrian and the enclosing Ediacaran and Ordovician deposits in the northern Baltic Sedimentary Basin (BSB). The Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sediments are despite their age unconsolidated with primary porosity of 20-25% for both shales and sandstones. The sparse Fe-dolomite cementation of arenitic and subarenitic sandstones and siltstones occurs mainly at lithological contacts with the massive Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian claystones and is probably related to ions released during llitization. In contrast to weak mechanical and chemical compaction of sandstone, the clay mineral diagenesis of Cambrian deposits is well advanced. The highly illitic (80-90%) nature of illite-smectite (I-S) suggests evolved diagenetic grade of sediments which conflicts with shallow maximum burial and low compaction. Smectite-to-illite transformation has resulted in formation of diagenetic Fe-rich chlorite in claystones. Some porosity reduction of sandstones is due to formation of authigenic kaolinite at the expense of detrital mica or K-feldspar.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2006, 50, 4; 395-406
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The use of X-ray computed microtomography for graptolite detection in rock based on core internal structure visualization
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarek, Ł.
    Kozłowska, A.
    Maksimczuk, M.
    Wejrzanowski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139097.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    computed microtomography
    visualization
    graptolites
    Silurian
    Baltic Basin shale
    mikrotomografia komputerowa
    wizualizacja
    graptolity
    sylur
    łupki basenu bałtyckiego
    Opis:
    This paper presents for the first time X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) analysis as a technique for Silurian graptolite detection in rocks. The samples come from the Jantar Bituminous Claystones Member of the Opalino core, Baltic Basin, northern Poland. Images were obtained with spatial resolution of 25 μm, which enabled the authors to create a 3-D visualization and to calculate the ratio of fissure and graptolite volume to the total sample volume. A set of μCT slices was used to create a 3-D reconstruction of graptolite geometry. These μCT slices were processed to obtain a clearly visible image and the volume ratio. A copper X-ray source filter was used during exposure to reduce radiograph artifacts. Visualization of graptolite tubaria (rhabdosomes) enabled Demirastrites simulans to be identified. Numerical models of graptolites reveal promising applications for paleontological research and thus for the recognition and characterization of reservoir rocks.
    Źródło:
    Acta Geologica Polonica; 2017, 67, 2; 299-306
    0001-5709
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Geologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Multivariate S-wave velocity prediction in the assessment of elastic parameters in shale formations
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarczyk, Weronika
    Słota-Valim, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    fala poprzeczna
    formacje łupkowe
    basen bałtycki
    parametry sprężyste
    shear wave
    shale formations
    Baltic basin
    elastic properties
    Opis:
    Exploration and development of the hydrocarbons reservoir in unconventional rock formation is a huge challenge. Due to their specific nature, which is manifested by limited filtration properties, they require an appropriate approach and the use of specific solutions. They include, among others, the determination of zones with higher hydrocarbon potential – so called sweet spots, application of horizontal drilling technology, or designing as well as performing rock stimulation treatments of rocks usually with low or almost zero permeability with the use of hydraulic fracturing. The analysis of the right combination of parameters in this case can be essential and provide extremely important information about the reservoir in an unconventional rock formation. As one of the most important parameters allowing, among others, to characterize the reservoir in terms of rock susceptibility to hydraulic fracturing, elastic properties require the availability of shear wave Vs, which in contrast to compressional wave Vp in the Polish standard is measured rarely. Therefore, in this paper, a multivariate prediction of shear wave velocity was developed with the use of theoretical models known from the literature and modified, based on which we estimate the elastic parameters. Using the obtained results, the elastic parameters were calculated on the basis of which, in the next stage, interdisciplinary characterization of reservoir formation is possible, e.g. in the aspect of assessing the reservoir formation susceptibility to hydraulic fracturing and thus creating technological fractures constituting the migration path for reservoir fluids. Based on different solutions, 5 variants of shear wave velocity were developed in the borehole scale, the results of which were then used to calculate the elastic modules: the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio. Because of the availability of the measured shear wave in each analyzed wellbores, it was possible to verify the results of the estimated variants. Subsequently, for the purpose of spatial characterization of the reservoir, calculated variants of the Young modulus were integrated with the seismic data. The analysis was conducted in Ordovician – Silurian shale formations in the Baltic Basin, at intervals enriched with organic matter.
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2020, 76, 7; 441--448
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lower Paleozoic oil and gas shale in the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin (central and eastern Europe) - a review
    Autorzy:
    Poprawa, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060266.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin
    lower Paleozoic
    shale oil
    shale gas
    reservoir characteristics
    Opis:
    In the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin, four potential lower Paleozoic shale reservoirs are identified: the Piaśnica, Sasino and Jantar formations, as well as the Mingajny shale. These units were diachronously deposited during the starved stages of Caledonian foredeep basin development, in the course of rising or high eustatic sea level. Across most of the basin, the shale formations analysed are saturated with light oil and condensate, and they are buried to depths of 2300-3500 m. The shale reservoirs reach the wet gas window at burial depths of 2800-4000 m, while dry gas accumulations occur at depths exceeding 3500-5000 m, except in the Biłgoraj-Narol Zone. The shale analysed might be generally classified as a moderate to low quality, and locally high quality, unconventional reservoir. Within the shale net pay zones, the average TOC content is 2-5 wt.% TOC. The exceptions are the Piaśnica Formation, for which this is 5-12 wt.%, and the Mingajny shale, which is TOC-lean (1.4-1.7 wt.%). The thickness of the shale net pay intervals in the most favourable locations, mainly on the Łeba Elevation, generally reaches 20 m, and locally exceeds 35 m. The shale reservoirs are saturated with hydrocarbons of good quality. Their permeability is low to moderate, often in the range of 150-200 mD, while total porosity average per borehole is commonly exceeds 6 %, reaching up to 10% at maximum, which might be considered as moderate to good. The clay minerals content is moderate to high (30-50%), and geomechanical characteristics of the shale formations are intermediate between brittle and ductile. No overpressure occurs in the basin, except for a dry gas zone in the SW Baltic Basin. In the Biłgoraj-Narol Zone, and to a lesser degree also in the Lublin region, pronounced tectonic deformation significantly limits shale gas/oil potential. Among 66 exploration boreholes drilled in the basin so far, only 5 were lateral boreholes with representative production test results. Hydrocarbon flow from the best boreholes was low to moderate, equal to 11.2 to 15.6 thousand m3/day for gas, and 157 bbl/day (~21.4 ton/day) for oil. There is, however, high potential to improve production flow rates, connected with the fracturing of two net pay intervals at one time, as well as with significant technological progress in the exploitation of shale basins during the last 5 years. Commercially viable production might be achieved for a single borehole with estimated ultimate recovery exceeding 30-50 thousand tons of oil, or 60-90 million m3 of gas.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2020, 64, 3; 515--566
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka parametrów sprężystych określonych na podstawie pomiarów geofizyki otworowej i modelowań teoretycznych w wybranych formacjach w otworach basenu bałtyckiego i wierconych na szelfie
    Characteristics of elastic parameters determined on the basis of well logging measurements and theoretical modeling, in selected formations in boreholes in the Baltic Basin and the Baltic offshore
    Autorzy:
    Bała, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835469.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    gaz z łupków
    parametry sprężyste
    moduł Younga
    współczynnik Poissona
    basen bałtycki
    geofizyka otworowa
    shale gas
    elastic parameters
    Young's modulus
    Poisson’s ratio
    Baltic Basin
    well logging
    Opis:
    W niniejszej pracy zawarto wyniki badań parametrów sprężystych pomierzonych akustyczną sondą dipolową lub obliczonych na podstawie teoretycznych modeli z kilku otworów położonych w basenie bałtyckim i trzech na szelfie. Badania ograniczono do pięciu formacji, poczynając od charakterystycznego poziomu sylurskiego ogniwa mułowców wapnistych z Redy, stanowiącego reper sejsmiczny Sb, a kończąc na kambrze środkowym – poziom Paradoxides paradoxissimus (PP). Zauważono pewne podobieństwa w kształtowaniu się takich parametrów sprężystych jak: prędkości fal podłużnych i poprzecznych, modułów Younga, odkształcenia objętości i postaci – w analizowanych otworach basenu bałtyckiego i odwierconych na szelfie. Otwory te znajdują się w strefie średniej perspektywności dla ropy naftowej i kondensatu oraz dobrej dla gazu ziemnego [14]. Przedstawiona charakterystyka parametrów sprężystych może być wykorzystana w modelowaniach sejsmicznych do badania zmienności poziomów stratygraficznych i wyjaśnienia szeregu problemów pojawiających się przy zintegrowanej interpretacji danych geofizyki otworowej i sejsmicznych pól falowych. Wspomaga również ocenę skał ilastych pod kątem prognozowania zabiegów szczelinowania hydraulicznego i udostępniania węglowodorów ze skał zbiornikowych o niskich przepuszczalnościach. Skały te charakteryzują się zróżnicowaną „kruchością” (brittleness), którą można rozpatrywać w aspekcie składu mineralnego i parametrów sprężystych, takich jak współczynnik Poissona, moduł Younga, moduł odkształcenia objętości, postaci oraz stałe Lamégo.
    The paper shows the results of studies of elastic parameters determined on the basis of well acoustic measurements and theoretically modeled in selected boreholes located in the Baltic Basin and offshore Baltic Sea. The study was limited to five formations, starting from the characteristic level of the Silurian Reda calcareous sandstone Member, which is the seismic Sb benchmark and ending with the Middle Cambrian level Paradoxides Paradoxissimus (PP). It was noted, that there were similarities in the distribution of the elastic parameters, such as the velocity of compressed and shear waves, dynamic Young’s modulus, bulk and shear moduli in analyzed boreholes in the Baltic Basin and those drilled in the shelf. These boreholes are located in a zone of average prospects for oil and condensate and good for natural gas [14]. The presented characteristics of elastic parameters may be used in seismic modeling to study the variability of stratigraphic levels and to clarify a number of problems occurring during the integrated data interpretation of well logs and seismic wave fields. It also supports the evaluation of clay rocks for the prediction of hydraulic fracturing and the production of hydrocarbons from reservoir rocks with low permeability. Sedimentary rocks are differentiated in brittleness, which can be seen in terms of the mineral composition and elastic parameters, such as Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and bulk and shear moduli as well as Lamé’s constant.
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2017, 73, 8; 558-570
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Marine snow and epipelagic suspensoids in the Reda carbonates and a pronounced mid-Ludfordian (Silurian) CIE in the axis of the Baltic Basin (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Kozłowski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    pelagic carbonates
    Sparoids
    marine snow
    algal blooms
    eolian dust
    carbonate supersaturation
    euxinia
    Baltic basin
    Reda Member
    ludlow
    Silurian
    węglany pelagiczne
    sparoidy
    śnieg morski
    zakwit glonów
    osady eoliczne
    basen bałtycki
    sylur
    Opis:
    The mid-Ludfordian pronounced, positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE), coincident with the Lau/kozlowskii extinction event, has been widely studied so far in shallow-water, carbonate successions, whereas its deep-water record remains insufficiently known. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the sedimentary environments and the palaeoredox conditions in the axial part of the Baltic-Podolian Basin during the event. For these purposes, the Pasłęk IG-1 core section has been examined using microfacies analysis, framboid pyrite diameter and carbon isotope measurements. The prelude to the event records an increased influx of detrital dolomite interpreted as eolian dust, coupled with a pronounced decrease in the diameter of the pyrite framboids, indicating persistent euxinic conditions across the event. The event climax is recorded as the Reda Member and consists of calcisiltites, composed of calcite microcrystals (‘sparoids’), which are interpreted as suspensoids induced by phytoplankton blooms in the hipersaturation conditions present in the epipelagic layer of the basin. Both the prelude and climax facies show lamination, interpreted as having resulted from periodical settling of marine snow, combined with hydraulic sorting within a ‘benthic flocculent layer’, which additionally may be responsible for a low organic matter preservation rate due to methanogenic decomposition. Contrary to the observed basinward CIE decline in the benthic carbonates in the basin, the Reda Member records an extremely positive CIE (up to 8.25‰). Given the pelagic origin of the sparoids, the CIE seems to record surface-water carbon isotope ratios. This points to a large carbon isotope gradient and kinetic fractionation between surface and bottom waters during the mid-Ludfordian event in a strongly stratified basin. The Reda facies-isotope anomaly is regarded as undoubtedly globally triggered, but amplified by the stratified and euxinic conditions in the partly isolated, Baltic-Podolian basin. Hence, the common interpretation of the basin record as representative for the global ocean needs to be treated with great caution.
    Źródło:
    Acta Geologica Polonica; 2020, 70, 4; 529-567
    0001-5709
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Geologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badanie ciepła radiogenicznego utworów syluru i ordowiku basenu bałtyckiego na podstawie danych geofizyki otworowej i jego relacja z materią organiczną
    Study of radiogenic heat of the Baltic Basin Silurian and Ordovician formations on the basis of well logging data and its relationship to organic matter
    Autorzy:
    Bała, Maria
    Wawrzyniak-Guz, Kamila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835090.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    ciepło radiogeniczne
    spektrometryczne profilowanie gamma i gamma-gamma
    basen bałtycki
    geofizyka otworowa
    skały macierzyste
    łupki gazonośne
    radiogenic heat
    spectral gamma ray and gamma-gamma logs
    Baltic Basin
    well logging
    source rocks
    gas shale
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń ciepła radiogenicznego (A) wykonanych dla utworów syluru i ordowiku w otworach wiertniczych L-1, K-1, O-2, B-1 i W-1 położonych w basenie bałtyckim. Wykorzystano w tym celu pomiary geofizyki otworowej – spektrometryczne profilowanie gamma (naturalnej promieniotwórczości) oraz pomiary gamma-gamma (profilowanie gęstości objętościowej). Bardzo wysokimi wartościami ciepła radiogenicznego charakteryzowały się osady sylurskich iłowców bitumicznych ogniwa z Jantaru oraz ordowickie ilasto-mułowcowe utwory formacji z Sasina. Są to utwory uznawane za potencjalne sweet spoty z uwagi na podwyższoną zawartość materii organicznej. W obu jednostkach litostratygraficznych zaobserwowano podwyższoną naturalną promieniotwórczość oraz wyraźnie obniżoną gęstość objętościową wywołane obecnością kerogenu. Połączona analiza spektrometrycznego profilowania gamma i profilowania gęstości wykazała, że za wyższą produkcję ciepła radiogenicznego w tych jednostkach odpowiedzialna jest przede wszystkim podwyższona koncentracja uranu. Anomalnie wysokie wartości ciepła radiogenicznego zaznaczały się również w ordowickich iłowcach glaukonitowych formacji ze Słuchowa, w których stwierdzono wyraźny wzrost koncentracji potasu, toru i uranu. Należy zaznaczyć, że utwory czarnych łupków bitumicznych z Jantaru oraz iłowce i mułowce z Sasina charakteryzowały się dużą zmiennością obliczonego parametru A. W prezentowanej pracy przeanalizowano także relacje między obliczonymi wartościami ciepła radiogenicznego a: całkowitym natężeniem promieniowania gamma z pomiaru spektrometrycznego, prędkościami fal podłużnych oraz gęstością objętościową. Zależności określono dla poszczególnych jednostek litostratygraficznych syluru i ordowiku. Podobne relacje ciepła radiogenicznego z profilowaniem gamma zaobserwowano we wszystkich analizowanych otworach z wyjątkiem otworu L-1, w którym sylurskie i ordowickie formacje bogate w kerogen wykazały inną charakterystykę. Zauważono również wyraźne obniżanie się ciepła radiogenicznego ze wzrostem prędkości fal podłużnych. Szczegółowa analiza danych wykazała silne relacje między prędkością a zawartością toru i potasu, które są wskaźnikami minerałów ilastych, oraz zawartością uranu, związanego z obecnością substancji organicznej. Podobny związek pokazujący tendencję obniżania się ciepła radiogenicznego zaobserwowano dla wzrastających wartości gęstości objętościowej analizowanych utworów.
    The paper presents results of computations of the radioactive heat production (A) for the Silurian and Ordovician rocks in the L-1, K-1, O-2, B-1, and W-1 wells located in the Baltic Basin. For this purpose, well logging data – spectral gamma (intensity of the natural radioactivity) and gamma-gamma (bulk density) logs were used. Silurian deposits of the Jantar Bituminous Black Claystone Member and Ordovician deposits of the Sasino Claystone Formation were characterised by very high values of the radiogenic heat. These units are considered as sweet spots due to a high concentration of organic matter. Increased natural radioactivity and significantly reduced bulk densities caused by the presence of kerogen were observed in both lithostratigraphic units. A joint analysis of the spectral gamma ray log and the density logs showed that the increased radiogenic heat production in these formations was mainly caused by a higher concentration of uranium. Abnormally high values of radiogenic heat were also observed in the Ordovician glauconitic claystones of the Słuchowo Formation, where an increase in potassium, thorium, and uranium concentrations was detected. It should be noted that the deposits of the black claystones of the Jantar Member, and the claystones and mudstones of the Sasino Formations were characterised by high variability of the calculated parameter A. The presented article investigated the relationship between the calculated values of radiogenic heat and natural radioactivity, the velocity of longitudinal waves, as well as between bulk density. The relations were determined for the Silurian and Ordovician deposits. Similar relations between the radiogenic heat and the gamma ray log were observed in all wells except the L-1 well, in which Silurian and Ordovician formations rich in kerogen revealed a different characteristic. A significant decrease in radiogenic heat values was observed with the increase in P wave velocity. Detailed data analyses showed strong relationships between velocity and the content of thorium and potassium, which are the indicators of clay minerals, but also the content of uranium, which is associated with the organic matter presence. A similar relation showing a tendency of decreasing radiogenic heat was obtained for increased bulk densities of the formations.
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2019, 75, 9; 515-526
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obliczanie parametrów anizotropii Thomsena w łupkach gazonośnych basenu bałtyckiego na podstawie pomiarów geofizyki otworowej
    Thomsen anisotropy parameters calculation in the Baltic Basin shale gas formations based on the measurement of well logging data, some attempts
    Autorzy:
    Bała, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835147.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    anizotropia własności sprężystych
    prędkości fal P i S
    profilowania akustyczne
    łupkowe formacje gazonośne
    basen bałtycki
    parametry Thomsena
    anisotropy of elastic properties
    P and S velocities
    acoustic log
    shale gas formations
    Baltic Basin
    Thomsen parameter
    Opis:
    Anizotropia oznacza zróżnicowanie, między innymi, parametrów sprężystych w zależności od kierunku, w jakim są one mierzone. Serie anizotropowe mogą tworzyć się w wyniku procesów depozycji oraz naprężeń tektonicznych ściskających i rozciągających. Przy interpretacji danych geofizyki otworowej, w zależności od skali zjawiska, anizotropię możemy rozpatrywać jako makro- lub mikroanizotropię. Makroanizotropia będzie związana z warstwowaniem formacji skalnych, np. łupki ilaste przeławicone wkładkami piaskowca czy mułowca. Mikroanizotropia jest związana z wewnętrzną strukturą, np. frakcyjne ułożenie ziaren o różnej wielkości lub wydłużone w jednym kierunku przestrzenie porowe itp. Problemem anizotropii własności sprężystych skał i jej wpływem na rejestrowane prędkości w profilowaniach akustycznych w otworach zajmowano się na świecie od wielu lat. Teoretyczne modelowania „odpowiedzi” sond akustycznych w skałach piaskowcowo-ilastych zakładają najczęściej uproszczone ośrodki anizotropowe. Najbardziej znane są opisane przez Thomsena [17], parametry anizotropii ε, γ i δ, charakterystyczne dla modelu z heksagonalną symetrią (ang. transverse isotropy – TIV). Zauważono, na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych, że parametry ε, γ przyjmują najczęściej wartości dodatnie, a parametr δ wartości zarówno dodatnie, jak i ujemne. W pracy przedstawiono próby obliczenia parametrów anizotropii własności sprężystych dla utworów ilasto-mułowcowych syluru i ordowiku w kilku otworach leżących w basenie bałtyckim. Zastosowano metodę przedstawioną w publikacji [11]. Metoda ta stworzyła możliwość określenia parametrów ε i γ w przypadku poziomo warstwowanych łupków i prostopadłych do nich otworów. Pomiary geofizyki otworowej, a w szczególności dane rejestrowane akustycznymi sondami dipolowymi umożliwiły określanie prędkości fal podłużnych P i poprzecznych SFast i SSlow oraz obliczanie parametrów Thomsena ε i γ. Uzyskane rezultaty, porównane z otrzymanymi wynikami dla podobnych utworów łupków gazonośnych publikowanymi w literaturze, potwierdziły poprawność metody i podobieństwo zakresu zmienności parametrów ε, γ [vide 17, 20, 22].
    Anisotropy occurs in rocks and strongly affects their elastic properties. It means the differentiation of physical parameters depending on the direction in which these parameters are measured. Anisotropic series can be formed as a result of deposition processes and tectonic compressive and tensile stresses. In the interpretation of well logging data, depending on the scale of the phenomenon, anisotropy can be considered as macro- or micro-anisotropy. The macro-anisotropy will be associated with the thin-layer beds of rock formations, e.g. clay shales laminated with layers of sandstone or siltstone. The micro-anisotropy is related to the internal structure, e.g. fractional distribution of grains of different sizes or pore spaces elongated in one direction, etc. The problem of rock anisotropy and its effect on recorded velocities in acoustic log in boreholes, has been studied for many years globally. Theoretical modeling of the “response” of acoustic tools in sandstone and clay rocks usually assumes simplified anisotropic media. The best-known ones are described by Thomsen [17], anisotropy parameters ε, γ and δ characteristic for the model with hexagonal symmetry (transverse isotropy – TIV). It was noticed, on the basis of laboratory tests, that parameters ε, γ usually take positive values and parameter δ both positive and negative values. The paper presents the attempts to calculate the parameters of elastic anisotropy, for the Silurian and Ordovician clayey silty deposits in several boreholes located in the Baltic basin. The method presented in publication [11] has been applied. This method has created the possibility to determine the parameters ε and γ for horizontally layered shales and perpendicular boreholes to them. The measurements of well logging, and in particular the data recorded with acoustic dipole probes, made it possible to determine the velocity of the longitudinal P and transverse waves of SFast and SSlow and to calculate the Thomsen ε and γ parameters. The obtained results, compared with the results for similar gas-bearing shale, published in the literature, confirmed the correctness of the method and the similarity of the variability range of ε, γ parameters. [vide 17, 20, 22].
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2018, 74, 11; 796-801
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synoptic changes in the deep rim current during stagnant hydrographic conditions in the Eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Hagen, E.
    Feistel, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Gotland Basin
    hydrography
    deep water condition
    current measurement
    Baltic Sea
    Baltic Monitoring Programme
    Opis:
    Hydrographic and current measurements are analysed for stagnant deep-water conditions over the south-eastern topographic flank of the Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB) in April 2000. Results suggest a prevailing barotropic motion mode on a synoptic scale of several days. Deep along-slope volume transports derived from subsurface current meter moorings are compared with those of the baroclinic fraction of geostrophic motions crossing the plane of a hydrographic section. This was aligned perpendicular to deep isobaths and was repeated 40 times with a time step of six hours. Changes in regional winds produced a quasi-ten day cycle in the filling level of the Baltic Proper. Associated wave-like fluctuations of the mass field propagated cyclonically with a velocity of about 0.04 m s−1 around the deep basin’s rim. It is concluded that associated changes in deep volume transports result mainly from barotropically governed advection processes and that those of the baroclinic component of geostrophic currents provide a qualitatively and quantitatively quite inaccurate description of related transport fluctuations on a daily scale.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strefy perspektywiczne występowania niekonwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów w kambryjskich, ordowickich, sylurskich i karbońskich kompleksach skalnych Polski : integracja wyników badań
    Prospective zones for unconventional hydrocarbon resources in Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous rocks of Poland : integration of the research results
    Autorzy:
    Podhalańska, T.
    Waksmundzka, M. I.
    Becker, A.
    Roszkowska-Remin, J.
    Dyrka, I.
    Feldman-Olszewska, A.
    Głuszyński, A.
    Grotek, I.
    Janas, M.
    Karcz, P.
    Nowak, G.
    Pacześna, J.
    Roman, M.
    Sikorska-Jaworowska, M.
    Kuberska, M.
    Kozłowska, A.
    Sobień, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075500.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    niekonwencjonalne złoża węglowodorów
    strefa perspektywiczna
    dolny paleozoik
    karbon
    basen bałtycko-podlasko-lubelski
    zagłębie SW Poland
    unconventional hydrocarbon resources
    prospective zones
    lower Palaeozoic
    Carboniferous
    Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin basin
    Carboniferous basin of SW Poland
    Opis:
    The paper presents the characteristics of prospective zones identified for the first time within the lower Palaeozoic shale formations occurring in the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin and within the Carboniferous shale, sandstone, and mixed shale-sandstone complexes (the so-called hybrid complexes) in the basin of south-western Poland. The lateral and vertical ranges of these zones are determined based on specific criteria using the results of various research methods and analyses, i.e.: stratigraphic, sedimentological, mineralogical, petrological and geochemical of organic matter, petrographic and petrophysical, including interpretation of well logs. Archived geological materials and those coming from the boreholes drilled recently in the concession areas were also used. Four prospective zones have been distinguished in the lower Palaeozoic of the so-called shale belt: SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4. The most prospective area for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits in shale formations is the Baltic region – the Łeba Elevation, where there are all four perspective zones, only partially covering the range of potentially prospective formations. In each of these zones, both liquid and gas hydrocarbons can be expected in this area. Due to the low percentage of organic matter, the lowest hydrocarbon generation potential is attributed to the Lublin region. However, the low values of this parameter are compensated by other parameters, i.e. the considerable thickness and lateral extent of zone SP4 corresponding partly to the Pelplin Formation. In the Carboniferous rocks of south-western Poland, seven prospective zones have been distinguished in four borehole sections. Four of them are “tight” zones in compact sandstones, while the other three zones represent a hybrid type in complexes with mixed lithology. No prospective zones have been defined in complexes with homogeneous shale lithologies. Determination of lateral extents of the identified zones has not been possible due to the scarcity of data on the geological structure and stratigraphy of the Carboniferous succession in the study area
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 12; 1008--1021
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea)
    Autorzy:
    Hille, S.
    Leipe, T.
    Seifert, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48484.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    hydrography
    Gotland Basin
    sediment accumulation
    spatial variability
    sedimentation rate
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    In order to study recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin, 52 short sediment cores collected from the deepest part (<150 m)of the Basin in 2003 were investigated. The upper parts of all the cores were distinctly laminated and dark in colour, followed by a homogeneous, greyish lower part. The thickness of the laminated sequences varied from 17 to 300 mm. 210Pb dating analyses of selected cores revealed that the change from non-laminated to laminated sediments happened about 100 years ago, indicating a shift from predominantly oxic bottom water conditions to anoxic conditions. Used as a time marker, this shift in the sediment texture enabled sediment accumulation rates to be estimated for all sediment cores. The observed mean linear sedimentation rate for the whole basin was 0.93 ± 0.67 mm yr−1. The respective bulk sediment accumulation rates ranged from 10.5 to 527 g m−2 yr−1 with an average of 129 ± 112 g m−2 yr−1, indicating a high spatial variability of sedimentation rates within the basin. This agrees very well with the long-term sedimentation pattern since the Litorina transgression. The observed pattern clearly reflects the hydrographic conditions at the seafloor as studied by modelled near-bottom current velocities.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nanoflagellates in the Gdańsk Basin: coexistence between forms belonging to different trophic types
    Autorzy:
    Rychert, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48978.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coastal zone
    mixotrophic form
    biomass
    nanoflagellate
    Baltic Sea
    Gdansk Basin
    chlorophyll
    Opis:
    Nanoflagellates are important bacterivores, but their role is often underestimated because forms capable of phagotrophy and containing chlorophyll (mixotrophs) are excluded from analyses. Research conducted in the coastal zone of the Gdańsk Basin (Baltic Sea) revealed seasonal changes in the relationship between the biomasses of small (1–8 μm) nanoflagellates with (NFChl+) and without chlorophyll (NFChl–). Three distinct patterns were distinguished: (i) spring, when the biomass of NFChl+ was lower than that of NFChl–, (ii) summer and autumn, when NFChl+ were dominant (about 90%), and (iii) late autumn and winter, when the prevalence of NFChl+ was lower (71–79%). Additional studies showed the existence of spatial differences in the composition of the nanoflagellate community. These spatial differences were not shaped by freshwater input. The possible importance of mixotrophic forms in the Gdańsk Basin is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sedimentary deposition and reflux of phosphorus (P) in the Eastern Gotland Basin and their coupling with P concentrations in the water column
    Autorzy:
    Hille, S.
    Nausch, G.
    Leipe, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49164.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    dissolved inorganic phosphorus
    deposition
    Gotland Basin
    Baltic Sea
    reflux
    sediment
    phosphorus
    Opis:
    In order to describe the role of sedimentary processes for the phosphorus (P) cycle in the open Baltic Proper, P deposition and reflux were quantified for the predominately anoxic sediments of the Eastern Gotland Basin. The study is based on investigations of 53 surface sediment samples and pore water samples from 8 sediment cores. The average P deposition rate was estimated at 0.20 g±0.18 g m−2 yr−1, the fluctuation being due to variable bulk sediment deposition rates. P refluxes were estimated by applying Fick’s First Law of Diffusion. A fairly good positive correlation between sedimentary P deposition and P release was obtained. P release from sediments by diffusion exceeds net P deposition by a factor of 2. This suggests that 2/3 of the deposited gross P is recycled in the sediments and released back into the water column; only 1/3 remains in the sediment permanently. A budget calculation demonstrates that the released dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) accounts for the observed increase in DIP concentrations in the deep water during periods of stagnation, which is noticeable even at the surface P concentrations. Under such conditions and with the present remediation conditions it is not possible to freely manage P concentrations in the water column on short time scales.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evolution of Arkona Basin environment in the Holocene in the light of diatom research
    Autorzy:
    Janczak-Kostecka, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294470.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    diatoms
    Mastogloia Sea
    Ancylus Lake
    Littorina Sea
    southwestern Baltic Sea
    Arkona Basin
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of diatom studies from three cores taken from the Arkona Basin. The main stages of the Baltic Sea evolution in the Holocene – Ancylus Lake, Mastogloia Sea, Littorina Sea, and Post-Littorina Sea – were identified in diatom assemblages. The transition stage between Ancylus Lake and Littorina Sea, called Mastogloia Sea, was not such a long period as in the Mecklenburg Bay but was essential in the evolution of the Baltic Sea. The most pronounced feature of this period was an increase in the number of halophilous species, which reflected the existence of the littoral environment at the onset of this stage. The appearance and development of halophilous species was stimulated by stepwise inflows of saline waters. The composition of diatom assemblages reflected natural eutrophication of the Baltic Sea during the Littorina Sea stage.
    Źródło:
    Landform Analysis; 2015, 29; 19-25
    1429-799X
    Pojawia się w:
    Landform Analysis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Processes and factors influencing the through-flow of new deepwater in the Bornholm Basin
    Autorzy:
    Stigebrandt, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    hydrographic condition
    Bornholm Basin
    salinity
    oxygen concentration
    vertical stratification
    deep water
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    This paper is based on the idea that the hydrographical conditions in the Bornholm Basin, and any other basin, can be understood from knowledge of general hydromechanical principles and basin-specific factors. Published results on the variability of the vertical stratification are shown and discussed. Such analyses demonstrate the residence time of water at different depth levels. Different modes of currents forced by winds and by stratification gradients at open vertical boundaries are presented. Vertical mixing is discussed and published results for the Bornholm Basin are shown. An experiment demonstrates that the diffusive properties of the enclosed basin, i.e. below the sill depth of the Słupsk Furrow, can be computed quite well from the horizontal mean vertical diffusivity obtained from historical hydrographical observations. A published two decades long simulation of the vertical stratification shows that the through flow and modification of new deepwater in the Bornholm Basin can be well described based on existing knowledge regarding crucial hydromechanical processes. It also suggests, indirectly, that there should be a weak anticyclonic circulation above the sill depth, which is supported by current measurements.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    12-hour cycle of matter transformation in the sea surface microlayer in the offshore waters of the Gdańsk Basin (Baltic Sea) during spring
    Autorzy:
    Falkowska, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    nutrient
    matter transformation
    spring
    sea water
    Baltic Sea
    microlayer
    sea surface
    Gdansk Basin
    Opis:
    Short-term measurements of nutrient and DOC concentrations and suspended matter (particles, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, algae and ATP concentrations) carried out in seawater layers of varying thickness (10, 90, 250 μm and the underwater layer – 15 cm depth) in spring form the basis for a discussion of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrient and suspended organic matter concentrations. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of neuston species were recorded in selected sub-layers of the chemically stratified sea surface microlayer. The non-linear regression equation was applied in a mathematical model of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrients and organic matter. Two maxima and two minima were found in the diurnal cycle of nutrient concentrations and organic suspensions in sub-layers of different thickness selected from the sea surface. The first maximum, expressed by the proliferation of phytoneuston, lasted from the very early morning till mid-morning. The second maximum occurred in the afternoon. The chlorophyll a concentration, and ATP and neuston abundance declined markedly around noon, when the biologically-damaging radiation dose increased, compelling the downward migration of organisms. At the same time, the photo-oxidation of dissolved organic matter intensified and the concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus rose. A shift (up to 2 h) between the maximum and minimum neuston concentration in these sea surface layers was indicative of phototaxis occurring within the entire surface microlayer and in the underwater layer. After sunset the decline in phytoneuston abundance could be related to zooplankton grazing as well as to respiratory breakdown.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evidence for a warm water inflow into the Baltic Proper in summer 2003
    Autorzy:
    Feistel, R.
    Nausch, G.
    Heene, T.
    Piechura, J.
    Hagen, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Gotland Basin
    temperature
    hydrography
    inflow
    warm water
    Baltic Sea
    oxygen condition
    climate change
    Opis:
    The exceptional warm water inflow into the Baltic Sea in summer 2002, which preceded the major Baltic inflow of January 2003, was surprisingly repeated in modified form in summer 2003. Its warm waters even replaced the renewed, cold inflow waters in the eastern Gotland Basin and commenced another warm period in its deep layers, where the previous one had lasted from 1997 to 2003. Details of the temporal and spatial behaviour of this new baroclinic inflow are presented from various measurements carried out from the Kiel Bight up to Gotland, covering the Darss Sill, the Arkona, Bornholm, Gdańsk Basins and the Słupsk Channel, focused mainly on the time period between July 2003 and July 2004. Hypothetically, the repetition of these exceptional warm inflow events could be regarded as a possible regional indicator for global climatic change.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation in the Southern Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Osinski, R.
    Rak, D.
    Walczowski, W.
    Piechura, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    baroclinic Rossby radius
    deformation
    Baltic Sea
    mesoscale dynamics
    fundamental horizontal scale
    mesoscale process
    Bornholm Basin
    Slupsk Furrow
    Gdansk Basin
    seasonal variability
    saline water
    vertical stratification
    Opis:
    The first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation (R1) is a fundamental horizontal scale of mesoscale processes. This scale is important for planning both numerical modelling and study areas. R1 was computed on the basis of an 11-year series of high resolution CTD measurements collected during r/v ‘Oceania’ cruises. The data set covered the three main basins of the Baltic Proper: the Bornholm Basin (BB), the Słupsk Furrow (SF) and the Gdańsk Basin (GB). The smallest mean value of R1 was found in the Gdańsk Basin (5.2 km), the largest one in the Bornholm Deep (7.3 km). The seasonal variability of R1 is lower in the western basin than in the eastern one. The seasonal cycle of R1 may be broken by extreme events, e.g. main Baltic inflows (MBI) of saline water. The inflowing water rebuilds the vertical stratification in the southern Baltic Sea and dramatically changes the R1 values. The difference of R1 between a stagnation period and an inflow situation is shown on the basis of observations made during 2002–2003. The main inflow occurred in winter, after ten years of stagnation, and the very low values of R1 (about 4 km) changed to very high ones (more than 9 km). Analysis of stagnation and saltwater inflow events may throw light on the value of R1 in future climatic scenarios. The potential influence of climate change on Baltic Sea salinity, especially a decrease in MBI activity, may change the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation and the mesoscale dynamics. Values of R1 are expected to be lower in the future climate than those measured nowadays.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 3; 417-429
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in some elements of the water cycle in the Easternmost part of the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin between 1945 and 2010
    Autorzy:
    Speranskaya, N.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    climate change
    drainage basin
    evaporation
    evapotranspiration
    interpolation method
    potential evaporation
    regime change
    soil moisture
    temporal change
    Opis:
    Soil moisture and evaporation are the most important elements of the terrestrial water cycle. In situ data from 14 stations with soil moisture observations, 13 stations with pan evaporation and 200 stations with precipitation measurements are used to analyse temporal changes in these elements of the terrestrial water cycle over the Russian part of the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin. It was determined that soil moisture, pan evaporation and visible evaporation have exhibited significant changes during the past 45 years. These changes reflect the non-uniform character of moistening changes over the Russian part of the Baltic Sea region.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Horizontal and vertical distribution of lignin in surface sediments of the Gdańsk Basin
    Autorzy:
    Staniszewski, A.
    Lejman, A.
    Pempkowiak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    oxidation provenience
    organic matter
    surface sediment
    vertical distribution
    accumulation area
    Baltic Sea
    Vistula River
    Gdansk Basin
    horizontal distribution
    lignin
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to identify and quantify lignin transported from the River Vistula to the accumulation area in the Gdańsk Basin. Sediment samples collected along the Vistula mouth –Gdańsk Deep transect were analysed for lignin. Lignin was characterised by oxidative degradation, cupric oxide being chosen as the most suitable oxidising agent. The polar functional groups of the oxidation products were silylated and the derivatives analysed by capillary gas chromatography on fused capillary silica columns with flame ionisation detection. Lignin-derived oxidation products were quantified in the range from 3 to 20 μg g−1 dry wt. for phenolic acids and from 6 to 12 μg g−1 dry wt. for phenolic aldehydes. Differences in oxidation products contents are assigned to different lignin sources in the marine environment. The horizontal and vertical gradients of these compounds in the sediments of the Gdańsk Basin are documented. The results are discussed in terms of the origin and fate of organic matter in the Gdańsk Basin. The measured differences in quality and quantity of the identified oxidation products provide insight into diagenetic processes in the surface marine sediments.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2001, 43, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The inflow of 234U and 238U from the River Odra drainage basin to the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Skwarzec, B.
    Tuszkowska, A.
    Borylo, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47957.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    Odra River
    Polska
    Szczecin Lagoon
    concentration
    drainage basin
    inflow
    natural radionuclide
    radionuclide
    trace element
    uranium
    water sample
    Opis:
    In this study the activity of uranium isotopes 234U and 238U in Odra river water samples, collected from October 2003 to July 2004, was measured using alpha spectrometry. The uranium concentrations were different in each of the seasons analysed; the lowest values were recorded in summer. In all seasons, uranium concentrations were the highest in Bystrzyca river waters (from 27.81±0.29 Bq m−3 of 234U and 17.82±0.23 Bq m−3 of 238U in spring to 194.76±3.43 Bq m−3 of 234U and 134.88 ± 2.85 Bq m−3 of 238U in summer). The lowest concentrations were noted in the Mała Panew (from 1.33±0.02 Bq m−3 of 234U and 1.06±0.02 Bq m−3 of 238U in spring to 3.52 ± 0.05 Bq m−3 of 234U and 2.59 ± 0.04 Bq m−3 of 238U in autumn). The uranium radionuclides 234U and 238U in the water samples were not in radioactive equilibrium. The 234U/238U activity ratios were the highest in Odra water samples collected at Głogów (1.84 in autumn), and the lowest in water from the Noteć (1.03 in winter and spring). The 234U/238U activity ratio decreases along the main stream of the Odra, owing to changes in the salinity of the river’s waters. Annually, 8.19 tons of uranium (126.29 GBq of 234U and 100.80 GBq of 238U) flow into the Szczecin Lagoon with Odra river waters.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental changes in the central Baltic Sea during the past 1000 years: inferences from sedimentary records, hydrography and climate
    Autorzy:
    Leipe, T.
    Dippner, J.W.
    Hille, S.
    Voss, M.
    Christiansen, C.
    Bartholdy, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47746.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    bottom water anoxia
    sediment
    hydrography
    environment condition
    little ice age
    Baltic Sea
    modern warm period
    saline water
    environment change
    climate
    Gotland Basin
    Opis:
    Short sediment cores from the eastern Gotland Basin were investigated using a multi-proxy approach in order to reconstruct the environmental conditions of the area during the past 1000 years. Sediment data and facies were discussed in relation to hydrographic features (salinity, oxygen) and climate change. During the medieval warm period (MWP), from about 900 to 1250 AD, the hydrographic and environmental conditions were similar to those of the present time (modern warm period, since about 1850): a temporally stable halocline, caused by regular saline water inflows from the North Sea, prevents vertical mixing and leads to bottom water anoxia and the deposition of laminated, organic-rich sapropels. During the period from about 1250 to 1850, referred to as the cold phase (including the Little Ice Age), the environmental conditions of the central Baltic Sea were distinctly different: the lower salinity, resulting from reduced North Sea water inflows, allowed vertical convection of the water column and long-term stable ventilation of the sea bed (oxic stage). Both the productivity of the planktonic ecosystem as well as the preservation of organic matter in the sediments improved during the warm periods. The anthropogenic impact can be identified within the recent laminated sequence by a temporal reconstruction of pollutant deposition. Our findings imply a climate-change driven shift in the environmental conditions and the ecosystem of the Baltic from the north to the south and back to the north.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 1; 23-41
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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