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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna jako rama teoretyczna badań nad przestępczością: uwagi metodologiczne (z przykładami badań Critical Race Theory)
    Autorzy:
    Peno, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna
    Metodologia badań jakościowych
    Badania przestępczości
    Wywiad narracyjny
    Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
    Qualitative Research Methodology
    Crime Research
    Narrative Interview
    Opis:
    Artykuł referuje założenia stojące za ramą teoretyczną badań wyznaczaną przez interpretacyjną analizę fenomenologiczną (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, w skrócie IPA). W opracowaniu dokonano charakterystyki tej metody badawczej jako metody stosowanej w ramach strategii badań jakościowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości zastosowania IPA w badaniach nad przestępczością. W warstwie egzemplifkacyjnej omówiono pokrótce program badawczy Critical Race Theory jako nurtu w prawoznawstwie stosującego metody zbliżone do modelu IPA.W podsumowaniu z kolei zawarto przykładowe problemy, które w szczególnym stopniu można badać w odwołaniu do IPA.
    The article presents the theoretical framework of research determined by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (abbreviated IPA). This research method has been characterized as a method used in qualitative research strategies. The article focuses on the possibility of using IPA in research on crime. The Critical Race Theory (CRT) research program. CRT is a research and intellectual perspective in legal sciences using methods similar to the IPA model is also briefly discussed. The summary of the article contains examples of problems that can be investigated with IPA.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2020, 27; 9-19
    2084-5375
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Środowiskowo–przestrzenne uwarunkowania przestępczości. Wybrane zagadnienia współczesnej ekologii przestępczości
    Environmental and Spatial Conditions of Crime. Selected Problems of Modern Ecology of Crime
    Autorzy:
    Kossowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698528.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    środowisko przestępczości
    uwarunkowania przestępczości
    ekologia przestępczości
    badania kryminologiczne
    kryminologia środowiskowa
    conditions of crime
    ecology of crime
    criminological research
    environmental criminology
    Opis:
    The modern criminologists who deal with environmental aspects of crime stress the fact that for an offence – a definite criminal act – to occur, four elements must necessarily coincide: law, perpetrator, object, and place of crime. The modern environmental criminologists are interested in the fourth of these elements, that is the spatial aspect of crime. Discussed in the paper have been the main trends of the modern study of spatial conditions of crime. Unlike the former ecologists of crime, the modern researchers are interested not only in the actual place where the offence was committed or the perpetrator resides, but also – to a much grester extent – in the social and physical features of the place of crime, in the actions that should be undertaken to reduce the “susceptibility to crime” of a given ecological unit, and in the course and consequences of the process of ecological stigmatization of a given region. On of the main trends of modern ecology of crime is analysis of the relations between functions and features of the of the separate fragments of urban space on the one hand, and the extent of crime in that area  on the other hand. The basic difference between the discussed trend and the former traditional ecological thought born in the Chicago school of criminolology consists in the  latter’s attempts at finding the causes of spatial differentiation of the extent of crime in  the combination of sociodemographic factors, architecture, and town-planning. Thus also the factors related to a town’s physical structure are taken into consideration. As has been found in many recent studies, the different crime indices found in the separate urban neighbourhoods are related to those areas’ different functions, social features, and architecture. Another interesting trend is analysis of the process of change within clearly delimited neighbourhoods. The term generally used in this connection is a neighbourhood’s “career in crime”; its sense is identical to that of “career in crime” of an individual which can be found in criminological works. According to British and American authors, changes, in a neighbourhood’s nature can be related e.g. to changing housing policy which obviously influences the shaping of definite human communities in given areas. The social situation in neighbourhoods submitted to formal housing policy is thought to be particularly entangled. This results from the nature of that policy: applied to the population characterized by pent up social problems, it usually consisted in placing large numbers of similar families in one rather small area. Thus individual problem families added up to form  agglomerations of problem groups of the population. The problem of careers in crime of housing districts is related to another important trend in the modern study of environmental conditions of urban crime: the functioning of informal social control which many consider to be as important a factor of urban crime prevention as the official control. Informal control is also thought to influence the oscial  perception of disorder in housing districts. Concerned here is accumulation in a given neighbourhood of external symptoms of social disorganization, that is all the events that might be found – by the locals and strangers alike – to manifest the breakdown of the accepted norms of behavior in urban environment. Analysed is the process of transition from such external symptoms of disorder to crime in a given neighbourhood. Two direct effects are distinguished of occurrence in a neighbourhood of noticeable symptoms of disorder, perceived by the locals as well as strangers. On such effect is the offenders’ conviction as to inefficient (formal and informal) control, in the neighbourhood, which makes criminal activity relatively safe. The other effect consists in some inhabitants’ reluctance to participate in the local life. Their withdrawal from such life results in a distinct breakdown of informal social control, and sometimes in noticeable decline of the neighbourhood which often proves irreversible. Another trend – relatively novel and no doubt characteristic of modern ecology of crime – investigates the impact of architecture of a town or district on crime found in that neighbourhood. On of the currents here, derived from the tradition of situational crime prevention, argues that the actual architecture of the housing districts and other elements of urban space can influence crime, that is facilitate or hamper offences. According to the other current, definite architecture can release deviant and criminal conduct as tenants of the popular large apartment houses feel anonymous and uncontrolled by others. Study of the ways offenders perceive towns, and of their related decisions as to commission of definite acts, is the last of the discussed trends of modern ecology of crime. The related problem here is offenders’ mobility and the distance between their place of residence and locus delicti. Offenders have been found to choose definite objects guided by their belief as to the value, visibility and accessibility of those objects, by transport facilities, and by the apparent presence or absence of supervision on part of the police or other users of the urban space.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 7-16
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polskie Badanie Przestępczości (PBP) 2007-2009: analiza wybranych rezultatów
    Polish crime study (PBP), 2007-2009: analysis of selected results
    Autorzy:
    Siemaszko, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    Polskie Badanie Przestępczości
    metodologia badań kryminologicznych
    badania wiktymizacyjne
    crime in Poland
    Opis:
    Polish Crime Study (PBP) carried out between 2007 and 2009 was a joint project of the Police Headquarters and the Institute for Justice. The particular aim of the project, which was carried out in all 16 voivodships of Poland and in the police area of the of the Capital District, was to estimate the level of crime increase and its dark figures, evaluation of police work, and measure of fear of crime - both across the country and in each province. The research was carried out each year in the first half of January of on a random sample of 17 thousand respondents (3 thousands in each province and 3 thousand in the the Warsaw Police Headquarters area) by traditional face to face interview method. Analyzed results include 51 thousand respondents who were surveyed in 2007 - 2009. For the entire sample constructed in this way the measurement error is minimal and is in fact only 0.4% in general and 1.8% for the particular local area tests. It should be emphasised that PBP is the largest victimological study in Poland (surveys of the Institute of Justice in the previous rounds of the ICVS did not usually exceed 5 thousand respondents) and, at the same time, one of the major social surveys in our country.. The questionnaire of Polskie Badanie Przestępczości included questions related to the victimization with the following acts: robbery, assault, burglary, car theft, other theft (pickpocket, mobile phone theft, bicycle theft). The study also included a question concerning the reporting level of abovementioned acts. Much attention was paid to the perception of the police and fear of the crime in the measurement tool (such items were generally modeled on the Polish version of the ICVS questionnaire). The study included a total of 12 positions and 10 measurable questions. Positions related to offenses and their applications were relatively complex and de facto consisted of several questions. PBP results indicate that the intensification of a crime in Poland is still quite considerable. Nearly every fifth inhabitant of our country was a victim of one of the offenses taken into consideration during the analyzed period, almost every eighteenth was a victim of a burglary. Also other thefts (nearly 1,900 cases per 51 thousand respondents), and robberies (nearly 1,500 cases per 51 thousand resondents) happen quite often. The largest (tenfold) diversity in regional reviev concerns the risk of a car theft, white the smallest (2,5 fold) diversity concerns robberies and other theft. Relatively large, (fivefold) differences have also been reported in case of battery. It should be noted that differences in the frequency of the offences taken into consideration voivodship-wise is comparable or even greater than in the individual EU countries taking part in the final round of the ICVS, which is certainly quite a surprise.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 223-264
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Crime and Criminality – Problems of Definition, the Ability to Analyze this Issue in Conceptual and Structural Terms
    Przestępstwo, przestępczość – problemy definicyjne, umiejętność analizy zjawiska w zakresie pojęciowym i strukturalnym
    Autorzy:
    Jarczewski, Waldemar
    Bogdalski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30147253.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    crime
    offense
    crime categories
    security
    statistics
    studies
    research
    definitions
    przestępczość
    przestępstwo
    kategorie przestępczości
    bezpieczeństwo
    statystyka
    studia
    badania
    definicje
    Opis:
    This publication is addressed to students of security studies who attempt to define crime and describe criminogenic phenomena when working on their undergraduate or graduate theses. It is intended to help students decide which specific categories of crime to study and later describe. The main focus of the study is on specific categories of crime, including common crime, organized crime, drug-related crime, and juvenile crime. Students are presented with proposed definitions within selected criminological categories of crime as well as with suggestions on how to describe these phenomena in statistical terms. The hypothesis is that common crime remains the largest category in overall crime statistics, but it does not clearly prevail in terms of actual crime. The contents of this article are the product of the authors’ considerations, supported by many years of police experience, with reference to selected items of literature.
    Niniejsza publikacja skierowana jest do studentów kierunków bezpieczeństwa, podejmujących w swoich pracach licencjackich czy magisterskich próby zdefiniowania przestępczości i opisu zjawisk kryminogennych. Ma ona ułatwić studentom podjęcie decyzji o wybraniu określonych kategorii przestępczości, które podlegać będą badaniom i późniejszemu opisowi. Głównym przedmiotem badań są określone kategorie przestępczości, między innymi kryminalna przestępczość pospolita, zorganizowana, przestępczość narkotykowa czy przestępczość nieletnich. Studentom przedstawiono propozycje definicji odnoszących się do wybranych kategorii kryminologicznych przestępczości, jak i sugestie odnoszące się do opisu zjawisk w ujęciu statystycznym. Hipoteza zakłada, że: kryminalna przestępczość pospolita jest wciąż najliczniejszą kategorią w odniesieniu do statystyk przestępczości w ogóle, jednak jej udział w przestępczości rzeczywistej nie ma już charakteru wyraźnej dominacji. Tekst publikacji przedstawia zapis rozważań własnych autorów, popartych wieloletnim doświadczeniem służby w Policji, w odniesieniu do wybranych pozycji literatury fachowej.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2023, 16; 103-115
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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