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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Court Chapels in Saxony between 1697 and 1733: Augustus II the Strong between Catholicism and Protestantism
    Autorzy:
    Friedrichs, Kristina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601405.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Catholicism
    Protestantism
    Augustus II the Strong
    Saxony
    court chapels
    art history
    Opis:
    When Augustus II the Strong (1670–1733) converted from the Protestant to the Catholic confession, he guaranteed his subjects – all Lutheran – the free exercise of their religion and belief. He also respected their wish not to allow the ‘new’ old confession emerge too overtly in the motherland of Martin Luther and the Reformation. Consequently, the Catholic chapels he built during his reign in Saxony were constructed in private in order to assure the peaceful co-existence of the confessions. What may appear to be a tolerant religious policy was in fact almost the contrary: This article will briefly illuminate the historical and political background of Augustus’ decisions, while the main focus will be to examine the newly installed Catholic court chapels.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2017, 116
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Początki naukowych badań nad bursztynem w Gdańsku i kolekcja Jacoba Theodora Kleina (1685–1759)
    The Beginnings of Scientific Research into Amber and the Collection of Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759)
    Autorzy:
    Sobecka, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32351475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Jacob Theodor Klein
    Kleinianum Museum
    Augustus II the Strong
    amber
    collection
    paper museum
    Opis:
    The article deals with the collection of Jacob Theodor Klein and the beginnings of scientific interest in amber in early modern Gdańsk. The text is intended to show the importance of this forgotten collection and the ongoing research into succinite (Baltic amber). The objects from Klein’s collection themselves have been dispersed, and have not survived to the present day, but Klein’s written inventory, which in 1740 ended up in the collection in Bayreuth to later reach Erlangen, allows the collection to be analyzed thoroughly. It is the numerous drawings of amber exhibits that are of particular importance. Thanks to the activities of Klein and his contemporaries, including Johann Philipp Breyn, and the drawings made at their request by their daughters, it is possible to trace the flow of objects between collections and reconstruct the meaning of the ‘paper museums’ they created. The text points to the key role of illustration as an element of information exchange in the respublica litteraria of the time and collaboration of scholars. The role of Gdańsk collections as the basis for the great collections being created at the time in St Petersburg and Dresden is also highlighted.
    Źródło:
    Artium Quaestiones; 2023, 34; 13-46
    0239-202X
    Pojawia się w:
    Artium Quaestiones
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Saksonia, Rzeczpospolita i Szwecja a koniec wojny północnej (1721–1732)
    Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and the End of the Great Northern War (1721–1732)
    Autorzy:
    Kosińska, Urszula
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913257.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Augustus II the Strong
    Frederick I of Sweden
    Great Northern War
    Treaty of Nystad
    diplomacy
    eighteenth century
    Opis:
    Diplomatic negotiations aimed at ending the Great Northern War, conducted by Saxony, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, which in the years 1721–1732 were formally still in conflict despite the Treaty of Nystad concluded by Sweden and Russia in 1721, have not yet been analysed from the perspective of Saxon and Polish diplomacy. The aim of this article is to examine this process, mainly in the light of primary sources of Saxon origin. Contrary to the popular belief that the many years of neglect to solve this issue were due solely to the weakness of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the author proves that there were many other factors involved. Some of the most important ones involved different political interests of the Commonwealth, Saxony and Sweden, and the changing international circumstances, including alliances, in the years 1721–1732. The article also presents how the original form of the peace agreement was developed. Instead of the signing of a peace treaty, it resulted in an exchange of royal letters between Sweden and, respectively, Saxony in 1729 and the Commonwealth in 1732. They included a declaration to ‘restore the old friendship’. Such a form of peace agreement, whose aim was to bypass Russian mediation, became the source of a common misconception that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not a party in the Great Northern War.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 29-54
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Ta konfederacyja nie stała się contra Maiestatem…”. Postawa Jakuba Zygmunta Rybińskiego, wojewody chełmińskiego, w czasie konfederacji tarnogrodzkiej (1715–1717)
    ‘Ta konfederacyja nie stała się contra Maiestatem…’: The Attitude of Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński, Voivode of Chełmno, during the Tarnogród Confederation (1715–1717)
    Autorzy:
    Perłakowski, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    jakub zygmunt rybiński
    tarnogród confederation
    nobility
    augustus ii the strong
    house of wettin
    polish-lithuanian commonwealth
    eighteenth century
    Opis:
    The article aims to present the activity of the Voivode of Chełmno, Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński (d. 1725) during the Tarnogród Confederation (1715–1717). In the period when the movement of the nobility rebelled against the rule of the Saxon dynasty in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Rybiński commanded some of the troops that remained loyal to the king, and was involved in hit-and-run tactics against the Confederation’s forces. He did not show any remarkable military talents, as he suffered a defeat in the Battle of Wąchock on 30 November 1715. However, if the situation required it, he was able to oppose the Confederation using various political means, e.g. in the matter of suspending the judiciary. When analysing the collected primary sources, it can be concluded that among noblemen he enjoyed the reputation of a loyal servant to the king. At times this reputation proved to be a burden, when, for example, he received threats from radically anti-royal noblemen. However, in the most difficult period of the struggle between the nobility and the royal court, Jakub Zygmunt Rybiński did not abandon Augustus II, which did not mean that he fully and uncritically supported his political programme. He considered the king’s idea of radically strengthening the monarch’s power with the help of Saxon troops to be a mistake. He rightly predicted that it would cause indignation among noblemen. This was particularly evident in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of discontent in 1714 and early 1715. His attitude towards the Tarnogród Confederation evolved. Initially, he was a supporter of the armed suppression of the rebellion, but later he was increasingly inclined to resolve the conflict through negotiations.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 2; 33-65
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Królowa wdowa a „kandydat do tronu”. Relacje Marii Kazimiery Sobieskiej z Jakubem Sobieskim w czasach saskich
    Queen widow and „successor to the throne”. Relationship of Marie Casimire Sobieska with Jacob Sobieski in Saxon times
    Autorzy:
    Dębski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/688251.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Maria Kazimiera Sobieska
    Jakub Sobieski
    August II Mocny
    Oława
    Wrocław
    Pleissenburg
    Marie Casimire de La Grange d’Arquien
    Augustus II the Strong
    Opis:
    The following article discusses the relation between Marie Casimire de La Grange d’Arquien and Jakub, her eldest son. Their relationship is investigated in Saxon times, after ascending the throne by Augustus II the Strong. The above mentioned relation has deteriorated and became a real conflict in the last years of John III Sobieski’s life, as well as in the first period of interregnum 1696/1697. The information about the issue was published by enemies. Since then it was believed to be a political conflict. Although the conflict lasted not so long, it influenced the queen’s reputation. Marie Casimire de La Grange d’Arquien and Jakub united again in order to regain some prestige and get the power back at a time when the Great Northern War broke out. Unfortunately, the goal was not achieved. As a consequence of falling prey to the Polish king, Jakub had to renounce the throne from the father. Marie Casimire de La Grange d’Arquien lived abroad in the last years of life. In this time she had tense relation with her son, who was made disappointed by the earlier affairs.
    Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia relacje Marii Kazimiery Sobieskiej i jej najstar szego syna Jakuba w czasach saskich, czyli po objęciu tronu polskiego przez Augusta II Mocnego Wettina. Nieco wcześniej, w ostatnich latach życia króla Jana III Sobieskiego i w pierwszej fazie bezkrólewia 1696/1697 r. kontakty najstarszego z królewiczów z matką wyraźnie się pogorszyły i przerodziły się w otwarty spór, który został podany do wiadomości publicznej przez oponentów Sobieskich jako polityczny konflikt i mimo że nie trwał zbyt długo, to pozostawił trwałą „zadrę” na wizerunku królowej wdowy i jej rodziny w opinii polskiej szlachty.Czasy saskie na nowo połączyły matkę i syna we wspólnej nadziei na uratowanie prestiżu rodziny Sobieskich, a w chwili wybuchu wielkiej wojny północnej także na odzyskanie upragnionej korony. Marzenia jednak zniweczył los i nieroztropność Jakuba, który padł ofiarą zasadzki polskiego króla i w konsekwencji musiał zrzec się wszelkich pretensji do tronu „po ojcu”.Ostatnie lata życia Marii Kazimiery, która od pewnego czasu mieszkała za granicą, upłynęły pod znakiem jeżeli nie napiętych, to przynajmniej chłodnych relacji z najstarszym synem, po raz kolejny zawiedzionym na własnym losie.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2016, 96; 69-88
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Królewskie egzekwie w warszawskim kościele kapucynów w XVIII wieku
    Royal Exequies in the Warsaw Capuchin Church in the 18th Century
    Autorzy:
    Osiecka-Samsonowicz, Hanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24565461.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Sztuki PAN
    Tematy:
    Maria Kazimiera D’Arquien Sobieska
    Jan III Sobieski
    August II Mocny
    Joachim Daniel Jauch
    Alessandro Galli-Bibiena
    kościół kapucynów w Warszawie
    uroczystości egzekwialne
    pogrzeby serc w Rzeczypospolitej XVIII w.
    castrum doloris
    katafalk
    Marie Casimire D’Arquein Sobieska
    John III Sobieski
    Augustus II the Strong
    Joachim Daniel von Jauch
    Capuchin Church in Warsaw
    Exequies
    burials of hearts in the 18th-cetury Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    catafalque
    Opis:
    W artykule omówiono plastyczną oprawę egzekwii odprawionych z inicjatywy Augusta II Mocnego za Marię Kazimierę Sobieską w 1717 r. oraz uroczystości związanych z wystawieniem trumien królowej, Jana III Sobieskiego i ich wnuka, zorganizowanych przez królewicza Jakuba Sobieskiego w 1733 r. Analiza rysunków Joachima Daniela Jaucha ze zbiorów Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv w Dreźnie, wsparta źródłami archiwalnymi, pozwoliła na próbę usystematyzowania bogatego materiału ikonograficznego dotyczącego projektów artysty z okazji pochówku serca Augusta II Mocnego w Kapicy Królewskiej w 1736 r., jej dekoracji oraz wystroju kościoła w czasie egzekwii za monarchę, odprawianych w rocznice jego śmierci na polecenie Augusta III przez blisko dwadzieścia pięć lat. Uroczystości te, celebrowane w jednej z najważniejszych sakralnych fundacji Jana III, były ważnym elementem saskiej propagandy politycznej.
    The Capuchin Church in Warsaw was one of the major sacral foundations of John III Sobieski who passed away in 1696. Owing to a complex political situation, the King’s remains were not buried then at the Wawel, but only in 1697, following a modest ceremony, they were deposited at the Capuchin Monastery, while his heart was placed in the Order’s archives. In 1700, the body of his grandson John, son of James Sobieski, was deposited next to the monarch’s coffin, while in 1717, the coffin of Marie Casimire Sobieski who passed away in France, was added there. In March that year, as instructed and financed by Augustus II the Strong, exequies were performed to pray for the Queen. The ceremony had an important propaganda undertone. Not only did the bier feature inscriptions exposing the merits of Augustus II who made sure the late Queen would rest in peace, but also thanks to the resolution of the so-called Silent Seym in session merely a fortnight before, he had made an attempt at reforming the state’s political system, and introduced the long-awaited peace to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At least as of 1731, James Sobieski was trying in vain to organize a dignified burial of the remains of his parents which were decaying in the Warsaw Monastery. However, the indebted Prince could not afford their costly exportation to the Cracow Cathedral and the funeral there. It is likely that he was the one who decided to have exequies performed in the Capuchin Church on the 50thanniversary of the Relief of Vienna, with his parents’ coffins lying in state. It seems likely that precisely this planned ceremony has to be connected with the drawing of the castrum doloris found at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC attributed to Alessandro Galli-Bibiena, and, according to the inscription, executed for the victor from Vienna and his spouse (Fig. 1). From around 1716 Alessandro worked as an architect at the court of James Sobieski’s brother-in- law Charles III Philip Pfalz-Neuburg who may have commissioned the design of the catafalque from the artist coming from a famous family of decorators. Nonetheless, the design, not mentioned in any studies dedicated to the Galli-Bibiena workshop, was never implemented. When on 1 February 1733 Augustus II died in Warsaw, the issue of the remains of John III and Marie Casimire awaiting their burial at the Wawel returned to the fore; the decision was made for their remains together with Wettin’s body to be transported to Cracow, which took place in August that year. On the instruction of James Sobieski the coffins of John III, Marie Casimire, and of their grandson lay in state in the Capuchin Church already on 15 May. The description of the church’s funerary decoration is rendered in a hand-written Latin report published also in the Polish translation. In front of the chancel a castrum doloris was raised containing the coffins of the royal couple and their grandson, before which the box with the heart of John III was exposed. Above, a velvet canopy was suspended, while in the corners four plinths crowned with globes and eagles holding laurel twigs of which silver candle holders grew were placed. The catafalque and the coffins, the high altar and the Church’s walls were decorated with crimson cloths, while the ceiling featured al fresco compositions related to the idea of the ceremony and the King's reign. The body of Augustus II was transported to the Warsaw Castle, and the monarch’s heart was sent to Dresden; meanwhile, his viscera were deposited ‘de mandato Reipublicae’ in the crypt of the Capuchin Church. It was only on 31 January 1736 that the ceremony of the transfer of the vessel containing the royal viscera to a marble urn raised in the middle of the ‘oratory’ adjacent to the Church took place; the oratory’s remodelling into a chapel, later called ‘Royal’, had been commissioned by Augustus III the year before, however, works on its decoration had not been completed. Thanks to the Latin hand-written account of the event and a press note it is known that in the Church as such only a plinth crowned with regalia was placed before the high altar. During the exequies held in the Capuchin Church on the King’s death anniversary in 1737, an analogical plinth was surrounded by eight pillars-guéridons resembling herms in shape, adorned with fruit and plant garlands: four lower ones culminated in crowns, while the higher ones featured eagles perched on globes. It may have been this very composition (or its version) that was rendered in the drawing by Joachim Daniel von Jauch (Figs. 5–7) preserved in the Dresden Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; he was the designer of the decoration for royal exequies and also of the Royal Chapel and its furnishing completed after 1737 (Figs. 8–9). Other drawings by Jauch from the Dresden archives register the designs of the Church’s decor on the occasion of subsequent death anniversaries of Augustus II. The explanation featured in the drawings suggests that the illustrated elements were reused annually with only minor modifications. Interestingly, the composition of eight pillars-guéridons, was almost identical with the ones visible in the above-mentioned design, with the only difference that the four lower ones were interconnected with ogees forming a richly decorated canopy over the plinths with the regalia (Figs. 10–13). Similar pillars-guéridons were placed on the catafalque corners in the Collegiate Church of St John in Warsaw during the exequies for Augustus II in 1735; the decoration for that ceremony had also been the artist’s work (Figs. 14a–15). Eclectic designs by Jauch suggest that in the case of pillars-guéridons he was inspired by French print pattern books (Figs. 16a–b, 17). The traditional elements, serving mainly the décor of royal and magnate residences, were, however, given by him a new function in the funerary arrangement, and they  in a way constituted his trademark in this domain of his art. Therefore, it can be assumed that the decoration of the Capuchin Church for the exequies for the Sobieskis in 1733 with the four pillars with the globes and eagles on the top, known from the descriptions, were also the artist’s work. In the concept of the canopy Jauch resorted to the tradition of the Roman Baroque, though this may have also happened through the mediation of French art present at the court of the House of Wettin. The finial in the form of four converging volutes at the top, echoing Bernini’s canopy in the Vatican Basilica was frequent in France in altar structures popularized thanks to prints, beginning with that in the Paris Notre-Dame du Val-de-Grâce Church (1665) almost until the end of the 18th century (Figs. 23–25). Wettin’s viscera were placed in the Capuchin Church in order to benefit from the legend of John III, but also to reduce the latter’s importance in order to serve the Saxon political propaganda initiated by Augustus II with the exequies for Marie Casimire. The tradition of commemorating the anniversary of the death of Augustus II cultivated for over twenty-five years, until the end of the reign of Augustus III (1763), recorded in the press, led to the fact that Augustus II overshadowed the figure of the Church’s founder. It was only in 1830 that the box with the heart of John III was transferred to the Royal Chapel rebuilt then. In 1919, the first mass after Poland had regained independence was celebrated there: it was dedicated to John III. Thanks to the preserved photographs there is no doubt that from the elements kept in the monastery it was the catafalque with a wood-carved volute canopy designed for Augustus II (Figs. 27, 28a–f, 29), and not the castrum doloris of John III and Marie Casimire from 1733 that was recreated. The structure from 1919 was raised again in 1924 in St John’s Cathedral in Warsaw for the funeral of Henryk Sienkiewicz (Fig. 30), and for the last time, again as a historic monument connected with John III, at an exhibition mounted at the National Museum in Warsaw in 1933.
    Źródło:
    Biuletyn Historii Sztuki; 2021, 83, 3; 569-615
    0006-3967
    2719-4612
    Pojawia się w:
    Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sytuacja polityczna w Polsce i Europie na łamach gazety seryjnej „Dyáriusz Seimu Electionis” z 1697 roku
    THE SERIAL NEWSLETTER DYÁRIUSZ SEIMU ELECTIONIS OF 1697 ON THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN POLAND AND EUROPE
    Autorzy:
    Gadocha, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421959.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Poland in the late 17th century
    the Election Sejm of 1697
    Polish parliamentary press
    August II the Strong (Frederick Augustus I of Saxony)
    François Louis de Bourbon
    Prince de Conti (1664–1709)
    Opis:
    By focusing on this little known parliamentary publication of 1697 this article attempts to make an addition to the early history of the Polish press as well as unveil an interesting source to the history of Poland during the interregnum after the death of King Jan III Sobieski. The article examines the news coverage of the Dyáriusz Seimu Electionis (unearthed by Konrad Zawadzki) by confronting it with the information in other contemporary sources such as diaries, memoirs and broadsheets. The editors of the Dyáriusz arrange its contents under two separate headings, Home and Abroad. While the former category Home goes beyond the coverage of parliamentary stories, the Abroad section follows current events in Europe
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej; 2012, 15, 1(29); 5-22
    1509-1074
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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