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    Tytuł:
    Using the FRAM to Understand Arctic Ship Navigation: Assessing Work Processes During the Exxon Valdez Grounding
    Autorzy:
    Smith, D.
    Veitch, B.
    Khan, F.
    Taylor, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Arctic shipping
    vessel grounding
    grounding
    Exxon Valdez
    Arctic navigation
    accident investigation
    Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM)
    ship navigation
    Opis:
    Arctic shipping involves a complex combination of inter-related factors that need to be managed correctly for operations to succeed. In this paper, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is used to assess the combination of human, technical, and organizational factors that constitute a shipping operation. A methodology is presented on how to apply the FRAM to a domain, with a focus on ship navigation. The method draws on ship navigators to inform the building of the model and to learn about practical variations that must be managed to effectively navigate a ship. The Exxon Valdez case is used to illustrate the model’s utility and provide some context to the information gathered by this investigation. The functional signature of the work processes of the Exxon Valdez on the night of the grounding is presented. This shows the functional dynamics of that particular ship navigation case, and serves to illustrate how the FRAM approach can provide another perspective on the safety of complex operations.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 3; 447-457
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Research of Northern Labyrinths as Navigation Network Elements
    Autorzy:
    Paranina, A.N.
    Paranin, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117170.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Northern Labyrinths
    megalithic sites
    gnomon
    navigational instruments
    information model of the world (IMW)
    navigation network
    arctic circle
    history of navigation
    Opis:
    The authors of the article consider the stone labyrinths as solar calendars. In the center of these structures there are usually already installed gnomons – vertical objects that give shade. Midday shadow points to north, and the change of its length during a year is correlated with the diameter of the arcs of the labyrinth. Points of sunrise / sunset at the equinoxes and solstices are very often fixed in the pattern of the labyrinth, as well as the beginning of the annual cycle. In general, patterns of labyrinths are of the same type, the differences reflect the regional characteristics of illumination, the differences in latitude and topography (shape of the horizon). The uniformity of the technology and the location on the waterways give an opportunity to consider stone labyrinths as ancient elements of local and regional navigation networks.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 451-456
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Safety of navigation in the Arctic
    Bezpieczeństwo nawigacji w Arktyce
    Autorzy:
    Dyrcz, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222493.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
    Tematy:
    Arctic
    Arctic Sea
    sea ice
    ice condition
    safety of navigation
    Arktyka
    Morze Arktyczne
    lód morski
    zlodzenie
    bezpieczeństwo nawigacji
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of research based on analysis of ice conditions on the Arctic Sea in recent years and consequences of these changes. The Arctic ice extent are changed due to global warming. Reducing the ice surface leads to intensification of the navigation of the waters of the Arctic Sea, resulting in a significant reduction of the distance between the ports of Europe and East Asia and the North and South Americas. This phenomenon is conducive to the opening of new shipping routes leading through the Arctic Sea. After the entry into force of 1st January, 2017 The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) is expected to improve the safety of conducting the navigation of the waters. Analysis of maritime accidents in the Arctic waters shows that the number of accidents has a growing trend, however, last year brings them a significant decreasing.
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań opartych na analizie warunków występowania lodu na Morzu Arktycznym w ostatnich latach oraz konsekwencjach tych zmian. Zasięg lodu arktycznego zmienia się w związku z ociepleniem klimatu. Zmniejszanie powierzchni lodu prowadzi do intensyfikacji żeglugi na akwenie Morza Arktycznego skutkującej znacznym zmniejszeniem odległości pomiędzy portami Europy i Wschodniej Azji oraz Ameryki Północnej i Ameryki Południowej. To zjawisko sprzyja otwarciu nowych szlaków żeglugowych prowadzących poprzez Morze Arktyczne. Po wejściu w życie 1 stycznia 2017 roku The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) oczekiwana jest poprawa bezpieczeństwa prowadzenia żeglugi na akwenach polarnych. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wypadków morskich na wodach Arktyki wynika, że liczba wypadków ma tendencję rosnącą, jednakże ostatni rok przynosi ich znaczny spadek.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2017, R. 58 nr 4 (211), 4 (211); 129-146
    0860-889X
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Safe navigation of cruise ships in greenlandic waters - legal frame and practical challenges
    Autorzy:
    Rasmussen, H. B.
    Feldtmann, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117401.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    cruise vessels
    safe navigation
    Greenlandic waters
    practical challenges
    arctic area
    legal frame
    legal regime
    safety at sea
    Opis:
    Climate change provides for improved conditions for maritime navigation and results in increased activity in the Arctic. Those increased activities influence the safety at sea and risk of accidents. A disaster as the Costa Concordia incident would have far more serious consequences in Greenlandic waters than it had in Italy, therefore the question of prevention and disaster-preparedness is crucial. One approach to avoid risks is to create specific legislation. The legal system guiding safe navigation of cruise ships in/around Greenlandic waters is complex: the legal regime for navigation is set in different general and specific international, regional and national legal acts, partly non-binding, therefore issues of effectiveness arise. Safety is also influenced by practical issues, e.g. the lack of sufficient nautical charts for Greenlandic waters and “preparedness” at land to handle potential disasters, such as the SAR-system and preparedness of different actors, for example hospitals.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 207-212
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reducing Risks of Arctic Operations with Ice Simulator
    Autorzy:
    Koponen, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117114.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Marine Simulator
    Reducing Risk
    Arctic Operations
    Ice Simulator
    Ice Navigation
    Full Mission Bridge Simulator (FMBS)
    Polar Waters
    Icebreaker
    Opis:
    During the process of development of the Full Mission Bridge Simulator, I have come in to a conclusion that an important part of a successful learning process is the ability to train with a high fidelity bridge simulator. The Polar areas are harsh environments and to survive there, one must have special training and experience. This surviving means that the polar ecosystem will survive from pollution and the vessels and their crew from the bad judgments or misconduct of vessel operators. The most cost-effective way to improve special skills needed in the Polar waters is to include bridge simulator training to the Deck Officers requirements. In this paper I will introduce a real life situation in which an icebreaker assisting a merchant vessel gets into a “close call” situation and how this was handled. Maritime industry hasn’t studied much about the influence simulator training has to the navigators. Here the maritime industry could learn from aviation and medical industry, since they have done some extensive scientific studies to prove the need for simulators.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 3; 385-390
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Principles of vessel route planning in Ice on the Northern Sea Route
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117236.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    ice navigation
    route planning
    vessel route planning
    Northern Sea Route (NSR)
    arctic area
    human factor
    Safety at Sea
    polar navigation
    Opis:
    A complex of ice cover characteristics and the season of the year were considered in relation to vessel route planning in ice-covered areas on the NSR. The criteria for navigation in ice - both year-round and seasonal were analyzed. The analysis of the experts knowledge, dissipated in the literature, allowed to identify some rules of route planning in ice-covered areas. The most important processes from the navigation point of view are the development and disintegration of ice, the formation and disintegration of fast ice and behavior of the ice massifs and polynyas. The optimal route is selected on basis of available analysis and forecast maps of ice conditions and ice class, draught and seaworthiness of the vessel. The boundary of the ice indicates areas accessible to vessels without ice class. Areas with a concentration of ice from 0 to 6/10 are used for navigation of vessels of different ice classes. Areas of concentration of ice from 7/10 up are eligible for navigation for icebreakers and vessels with a high ice class with the assistance of icebreakers. These rules were collected in the decision tree. Following such developed decision-making model the master of the vessel may take decision independently by accepting grading criteria of priorities resulting from his knowledge, experience and the circumstances of navigation. Formalized form of decision making model reduces risk of the "human factor" in the decision and thereby help improve the safety of maritime transport.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 4; 587-592
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Navigating a vessel without an ice class on the NSR close to the front of Ice-free zone during ice melting period
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117228.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Arctic shipping
    ice-free zone
    ice melting period
    ice class
    Northern Sea Route (NSR)
    ice-free transit corridor
    Arctic area
    Arctic navigation
    Opis:
    Arikaynen A.I., Tsubakov K.N. 1987. Alphabet of ice navigation. [in Russian] (Aзбyкa лeдoвoгo плaвaния). Transport, Moscov: 224 Buysse J. 2007. Handling ships in ice, A practical guide to handling 1A and 1AS classed ships. The Nautical Institute, London: 166 House D.J., Lloyd T., Toomey P.R.M., Dickins D. 2010. The ice navigation manual. Witherby Seamanship International Ltd: 409 International Hydrographic Office, 1953. Limits of oceans and seas. Publication S-23: 40 International Hydrographic Office, 2002. Limits of oceans and seas. Publication S-23, Draft 4th Edition, 2002: 235 Jurdziński M. 2000. Planning the navigation in ice [in Polish] (Planowanie nawigacji w lodach). Wyższa Szkoła Morska, Gdynia: 192 NATICE, 2018. MIZ ice concentration maps in ESRI Shape format. U.S. National Ice Center, http://www.natice.noaa.gov/Main_Products.htm. Accessed 19.12.2018 Natural Earth, 2017. Free vector and raster map data at 1:10 m, 1:50 m, and 1:110 m scales, http://www.naturalearth-data.com. Accessed 01.01.2017 Parnell G.Q. 1986. Ice seamanship, Monograph. The Nauitical Institute: 87 Pastusiak T. 2016a. The time window for vessels without ice strengthening on the Northern Sea Route, Annual of Navigation, No. 23: 103-119 Pastusiak T. 2016b. The Northern Sea Route as a shipping lane. Expectations and Reality, ISBN 978-3-319-41832-2, ISBN eBook 978-3-319-41834-6, Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland: 247 Pastusiak T. 2016c. Principles of Vessel Route Planning in Ice on the Northern Sea Route, TRANSNAV, International Journal of Marine Navigation and safety of sea transportation, Vol. 10 No. 4 - December 2016 Pastusiak T. 2018. Planning independent transit voyages of vessel without ice strengthening through the Northern Sea Route [in Polish] (Planowanie samodzielnych podróży tranzytowych statku bez wzmocnień lodowych przez Północną Drogę Morską). Akademia Morska w Gdyni, Gdynia, ISBN 978-83-7421-286-1: 278 Pastusiak T. 2020. Voyages on the Northern Sea Route, Springer International Publishing, 1st ed. 2020, XXXVIII, Print ISBN 978-3-030-25489-6: 279 Shapaev V.M. 1975. Hydrometeorological conditions and navigation [in Russian] (Гидрометеорологические условя и мореплавание). Moscov, Transport: 248
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 227-233
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modeling navigation, ecologic and economic results of planned voyage of ship on the Northern Sea Route
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201325.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    safety at sea
    Northern Sea Route
    voyage planning
    ship's passage
    arctic navigation
    icebreaker
    modeling
    ship's voyage timetable
    Opis:
    Over the years, many publications have been published on planning ship’s passage through the NSR and input and output data modeling. Results were not considered in terms of errors of modeled output data. Basic research for the years 2008 - 2020 was carried out in the study on opening and closing dates of ice-free transit corridor on the NSR and probable number of tariff zones where paid assistance of icebreakers would be required. Mathematical relationships of average values and probable errors of navigational, ecological and economic ship voyage performance were developed. For this purpose, partial derivatives of functions were used. The outcomes of the study have shown that changes of total average cost of vessel’s transit voyage depends mostly on number of tariff zones where assistance of icebreakers is required. But navigation with icebreakers assistance ensures smaller standard deviation of total voyage time and thus more precise scheduling of ship's voyage timetable through the NSR. The higher probability of meeting requirements set by decision-maker when planning a long-term voyage of ship, the shorter time window for meeting these requirements. Outside the favorable time window, the navigational, ecological and economic results of voyage deteriorate very quickly.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 611--623
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Maritime Situation Monitoring for Safe Navigation on Northern Sea Route
    Autorzy:
    Popovich, V.V.
    Smirnova, O.V.
    Popovich, T.V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116586.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Northern Sea Route
    maritime situation monitoring
    safe navigation
    safety at sea
    Arctic shelf
    Arctic area
    polar navigation
    geographic information system (GIS)
    Opis:
    Considering growing intensity of navigation on Northern Sea Route and of continuous exploration and development of Arctic shelf, problems of maritime situation monitoring in Arctic become particularly important. Firstly, complex operational informational support of activities in Arctic is needed. Secondly, constant access to actual and valid information about hydro-meteorological, navigational and ice situations is required. Solution of stated problems entails integration, processing and analysis of large amounts of heterogeneous data. Consequently, development of unified system for situation monitoring and intellectual support is essential. Such system allows to execute operational monitoring of dangerous situations of different sort (natural or anthropogenic) that influence safety of objects in Arctic region, and to perform intellectual analysis of such situations and prompt provision of suitable recommendations.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 433-440
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ice Conditions and Human Factors in Marine Accidents at the Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Marchenko, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117217.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Ice Conditions
    Human Factor
    Arctic Navigation
    Marine Accidents
    Hydrometeorological Aspect
    Accident Data Base
    Accident
    Marine Accidents Classification
    Opis:
    All activities in the Arctic are conducted near the limit of technological opportunities and human abilities. But the drain of resources in the areas convenient for development obliges us to look at this severe polar region. The main objectives of the PetroArctic project (offshore and coastal technology for petroleum production and transport from arctic water) as a part of PETROMAX and MarSafe project (Marine Safety Management) are to obtain and provide information for safety of Arctic operation such as hydrocarbons production and transport from Polar seas. One of the tasks is a collection of ice pilot experiences from the people involved in the Arctic activities to learn how they felt in these conditions, how they solved difficult tasks and managed the ice. Items of special interest are connected to lost vessels and other marine accidents. Appreciable amount of written documentation and interviews have been processed and organized into a data base of marine accidents in Russian Arctic since 1900. It includes a set of maps where the locations of the accidents are shown with a description of the accidents (date, geographical environment, vessel type, what happened and how the people acted, etc). This paper includes the map for Kara Sea and descriptions of several accidents in the eastern part of Arctic as example of different situations, as well as the principles of the data base construction and accidents classification.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 4; 409-414
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ice conditions affecting passage of Polish vessels convoy though the NSR in 1956. Long-term ice forecasts and passage strategies
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    arctic shipping
    ice conditions
    Northern Sea Route (NSR)
    ice forecast
    history of navigation
    passage startegies
    Polish vessels convoy
    ESIMO
    Opis:
    The goal of the study was to examine ice cover conditions that accompanied the passage of convoy of seven Polish vessels from Europe to the Far East in year 1956, which initiated an international commercial shipping transit. Several different sources of information on the state of ice cover in the Arctic were used in this study. Ice conditions (decisive for ability of a merchant vessel or icebreaker to cross the route) during the following navigational seasons in most of the NSR areas showed extremely divergent results - from the most favorable to the most difficult and vice versa. Existing in years 1940-1957 ice cover conditions and shipbuilding technologies did not guarantee a successful transit passage in one navigation season. The Soviet Union used icebreakers that were not able to lead vessels in heavy ice conditions that occurred in 1950s. The NSR Administration used passive strategy ? waiting for improvement of ice conditions - instead of forcing heavy ice. Passive strategy of navigation through the NSR included wintering and continuation of passage next year when ice conditions improved. Annual variability of ice conditions approximated by third degree polynomial line showed trends well. However, the high annual anomalies of ice conditions in relation to trend line did not allow for effective forecasts on particular sections of the NSR in next navigation season.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 1; 101-106
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Functionality of Sea Ice Data Sources on the NSR
    Autorzy:
    Pastusiak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117634.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Northern Sea Route
    e-Navigation
    sea ice data source
    ISM Code
    ice navigation
    IRIDIUM Satellite System
    arctic area
    ice certificate
    Opis:
    The functionality of available official sources of sea ice data for the Northern Sea Route to date is low. In recent years a large number of new publicly available sources have appeared. Their functionality for purposes of route planning has yet to be evaluated. This study presents results of qualitative and expert analyses of various sources. It is proposed to use new indicators to enable comparison of functionality of data sources. New sources provide the technical progress that is instrumental in reducing the amount of effort and influence of the human factor in the decision-making system. The study also presents solutions to the problem of limited bandwidth available at high latitudes with Iridium satellite system. Presented solutions can be used on any vessel by any company or navigator to implement or design the decision support system related to route planning in ice in accordance with the requirements of the ISM Code and concept of e-Navigation.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 441-450
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contemporary Problems of Navigation Nearly Pole
    Autorzy:
    Lushnikov, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117630.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Navigation Nearly Pole
    marine navigation
    Pseudomercator Chart
    Arctic Navigation
    Nuclear Ice-Breaker
    Mercator Projection
    Geographical Pole
    Safety of Navigation
    Opis:
    The problem of navigation at geographical poles is considered. Means and methods of its realization are offered within the framework of classical navigation. Brings an attention to the question on production of pseudomercator's navigational charts.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 2; 149-151
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Arctic shipping routes as alternative to the Suez Canal
    Autorzy:
    Pawelski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    arctic maritime transport
    arctic shipping
    Arctic Sea routes
    Northern Sea Route navigation
    Northwest Passage navigation
    polar maritime transport
    Opis:
    The grounding of a 400-meter long container vessel, called Ever Given, in the Suez Canal blocked the busiest shipping lane, which is responsible for 12% of seaborne trade, for 6 days. Some shipping companies had to divert their vessels and they had to take a much longer route around Africa to reach European ports. The concerned shipping industry started to look for alternative sea route to the Suez Canal with lesser risk of blockage, without a need to go around Africa. Such routes, which connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, exist in the Arctic and the warming of the global climate makes them more accessible over time but the assessment of their viability requires a multifaceted analysis based on available professional navigational publications, scientific papers, and knowledge of polar shipping realities. Several nautical aspects are taken into account with the purpose of choosing a polar route that is most suitable as an alternative to the Suez Canal. Three routes are under consideration. One of them is the Northern Sea Route in the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean, along the coast of the Russian Federation. The second route is the Northwest Passage through the western part of the Arctic, passing waters belonging to Greenland, Canada, and the United States. The third one passes near the North Pole, a prospective route that may become available for commercial shipping in the future due to Arctic ice shrinkage, and it is known as the Transpolar Route. Analysis of these routes unambiguously point to the Northern Sea Route as the only viable option. Most prospective alternatives to the Suez Canal are technically feasible with the new generation of cargo vessels and they are experiencing a growth in maritime traffic together with a steady development of associated infrastructure. The existing simplified analyses of the transit costs, assuming strait passage in polar waters without any course deviation and the additional fuel that is burnt to overcome increased friction during passage in ice, shows that under present conditions that the Suez Canal Route is still cheaper than any polar transit and, moreover, offers year-round availability. It cannot be ruled out that the upcoming warming of the Arctic climate, and a lowering of the transit tariffs by the Russian Federation may tip the balance in favor of the Northern Sea Route. Presented here is an analysis of the competitiveness of the Arctic Routes in comparison to the Suez Canal from the perspective of the mariner.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2022, 70 (142); 41--51
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Case Study from an Emergency Operation in the Arctic Seas
    Autorzy:
    Kvamstad, B.
    Fjørtoft, K. E.
    Bekkadal, F.
    Marchenko, A. V.
    Ervik, J. L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116452.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Emergency Operation
    Arctic Navigation
    e-Navigation
    Information and Data
    communication
    Ocean Data
    Situation Awareness (SA)
    SAR Resources
    Opis:
    The objective of this paper is to highlight the needs for improved access to high quality maritime data and information in the Arctic, and the need to develop maritime communication infrastructure with at least the same quality, in terms of availability and integrity, as in other more centralized areas. The foreseen Arctic ice meltdown is expected to provide new maritime transport corridors within relatively short time, and there is an urgent need to prepare for this, to ensure safe operations at sea and to protect the vulnerable Arctic environment. This paper points out some of these needs by presenting a case from a former accident in the Arctic sea. The case shows how the lack of proper information and data complicates the emergency operation. Some possible solutions to the challenges are proposed, and finally the paper briefly discusses the IMO e-Navigation concept in light of the Arctic challenges.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 2; 153-159
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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