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Tytuł:
THE THEORY OF AFFORDANCES – AN INSPIRATION FOR ERGONOMICS
TEORIA AFORDANCJI – INSPIRACJĄ DLA ERGONOMII
Autorzy:
Łozińska, Natalia Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/479640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Instytut Inżynierii Bezpieczeństwa i Nauk o Pracy. Polskie Towarzystwo Profesjologiczne.
Tematy:
affordances
ergonomics
afordancja
ergonomia
Opis:
In the paper I am at presenting philosophically reach theory of affordances as a way of extending the range of research methods used in ergonomics. In the paper I am concern with the fundamentals of the theory of affordances as presented originally by Gibson (1977, 1979) and developed by Heft (1989). I highlight philosophically significant aspects of the classical theory of affordances and propose further topics for investigation. I also propose introduction of the notion of rigid affordance for the special class of affordances important for ergonomics.
W artykule prezentuję filozoficznie bogatą, praktycznie płodną, choć nie wolną od kontrowersji, teorię afordancji jako inspirację dla współczesnej ergonomii. W obrębie moich zainteresowań jest pierwotne sformułowanie teorii, takie jakie znaleźć można u Gibsona (1977, 1979) i Hefta (1989). Uwypuklam filozoficznie interesujące aspekty teorii oraz możliwości ich eksploatacji. Ponadto proponuję wprowadzenie pojęcia sztywnej afordancji dla określenia specjalnej klasy afordancji istotnej dla ergonomii.
Źródło:
Problemy Profesjologii; 2014, 2; 45-54
1895-197X
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Profesjologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perceptual global processing and hierarchically organized affordances – the lack of interaction between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action
Autorzy:
Piotr, Styrkowiec
Edward, Nęcka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
perceptual global processing
affordances
visuo-motor information processing
Opis:
Abstract: In visual information processing, two kinds of vision are distinguished: vision-for-perception related to the conscious identifi cation of objects, and vision-for-action that deals with visual control of movements. Neuroscience suggests that these two functions are performed by two separate brain neural systems – the ventral and dorsal pathways (Milner and Goodale, 1995). Two experiments using behavioural measures were conducted with the objective of exploring any potential interaction between these two functions of vision. The aim was to combine in one task methods allowing for the simultaneous capture of both perceptual global processing and affordance extraction and to check whether they infi uence each other. This aim was achieved by employing the paradigms of Navon (1977) and Tucker and Ellis (1998). A compound fi gure was created made up of objects with handles that might or might not have orientation congruent between levels. The results revealed that while the affordance effect occurred every time, the Navon effect appeared only when subjects focused their attention on object elements responsible for inconsistence within compound fi gure. Most importantly, even when these two effects occurred at once, they had no effect on each other. Results from the study failed to confi rm the hypothesis about interaction and gives support to the view that vision-for-perception and vision-for-action tend to act as separate systems.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 3; 151-166
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Affordances perspective and grammaticalization: Incorporation of language, environment and users in the model of semantic paths
Autorzy:
Andrason, Alexander
Visser, Marianna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
affordances
grammaticalization
cognitive maps
verbal semantics
complexity
optimization
Opis:
The present paper demonstrates that insights from the affordances perspective can contribute to developing a more comprehensive model of grammaticalization. The authors argue that the grammaticalization process is afforded differently depending on the values of three contributing parameters: the factor (schematized as a qualitative-quantitative map or a wave of a gram), environment (understood as the structure of the stream along which the gram travels), and actor (narrowed to certain cognitive-epistemological capacities of the users, in particular to the fact of being a native speaker). By relating grammaticalization to these three parameters and by connecting it to the theory of optimization, the proposed model offers a better approximation to realistic cases of grammaticalization: The actor and environment are overtly incorporated into the model and divergences from canonical grammaticalization paths are both tolerated and explicable.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 4; 663-696
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perception of Affordances and Experience of Presence in Virtual Reality
Autorzy:
Grabarczyk, Paweł
Pokropski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Tematy:
cognitive science
phenomenology
perception
affordances
Virtu- al Reality.
Opis:
Recent developments in virtual reality technology raise a question about the experience of presence and immersion in virtual environments. What is im- mersion and what are the conditions for inducing the experience of virtual presence? In this paper, we argue that crucial determinants of presence are perception of affordances and sense of embodiment. In the first section of this paper, we define key concepts and introduce important distinctions such as immersion and presence. In the second and third sections, we respectively discuss presence, immersion and their determinants in detail. In the fourth and fifth sections, we argue for the importance of perception of affordances and sense of embodiment in increasing the degree of presence. Finally, we show the consequences of our view and discuss possible future implications.
Źródło:
Avant; 2016, 7, 2
2082-6710
Pojawia się w:
Avant
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podmiot ucieleśniony w zaprojektowanym środowisku. Analiza wykorzystania koncepcji afordancji w architekturze
Autorzy:
Tofilski, Mateusz
Stawski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
affordances
ecological psychology
embodied architecture
landscape
embodied cognition
Opis:
The subject embodied in the designed environment. Analysis of the use of the affordance concept in architecture: James Gibson’s ecological psychology is considered as one of the research subtraditions within embodied cognition. Gibson emphasizes the nature of the agent-environment interaction through the development of the theory of affordances. According to this idea, affordances are relational properties of the environment that enable a specific action for the agent. Currently this concept is being applied in many different contexts. This paper considers the application potential of affordance in architectural studies as a tool that analyses the agent’s interaction with the environment. In this context, the affordance category can be a tool that allows one to take into account the importance of space for the shaping of behavior and interactions between its users, without falling into architectural determinism. The main aim of this study is to analyze affordances as a category that, despite its diversity and vagueness, can play an important role in the embodied view of architecture (which integrates phenomenological trends in architecture and the results of neurocognitive research). The first part of the article is an attempt to synthetically place affordances in the context of embodied cognition and to point out the basic philosophical interpretations and discussions related to Gibson’s concept. In the next part, we situate the concept of affordances in the context of design practice. We also present the pros and cons of applying affordances to this ground. The last section in presenting the concept of affordances is considered within the background of the embodied current in architecture.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2021, 11, 1; 55-70
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Affording Our Culture: “Smart” Technology and the Prospects for Creative Democracy
Autorzy:
Solymosi, Tibor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451283.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
digital devices
social media
democracy
neuropragmatism
dopamine
affordances
neuroscience
Opis:
John Dewey, as Sidney Hook characterized him, was the philosopher of science and freedom. Dewey, as Larry Hickman has demonstrated, was also a philosopher of technology. And, as most people familiar with Dewey know, he was a philosopher of education and democracy. The complex of technology, science, freedom, education and democracy requires re-examination, not only because of our contemporary cultural political situation but also because of our growing insights into the human condition thanks to the technosciences of life, especially human life. Dewey’s philosophical method of reconstruction, equipped with insights from evolutionary neuroscience and ecological psychology, offers means of reconceiving and thus reevaluating our conception of tools and technology within our cultural context. I begin to take up Mark Tschaepe’s challenge to neuropragmatism to counter what he calls “dopamine democracy” – Plato’s critique of democracy resurrected in neural garb coupled with a critical examination of how social media and other so-called “smart” technologies undermine healthy democratic life. Central to this neuropragmatist approach are cultural affordances – opportunities for action humans have created initially for specific purposes and later retrofitted for other ends-in-view. Dewey’s reconstruction – as method as well as the reconstruction of technology, science, freedom, education and democracy as an entangled complex – is thus imagined as our best strategy for achieving the culture of creative democracy.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2018, 2, 4(6); 46-69
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pedagogy of the possible: Imagination, autonomy and space
Autorzy:
Murray, Garold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
imagination
self-directed learning
ecology
affordances
autonomy
space
metacognition
Opis:
This paper explores pedagogical practices which can support the role of imagination in foreign language learning. Over the past decade, work on self and identity in motivation research-most notably Norton’s (2001) imagined communities and Dörnyei’s (2009) L2 motivational self system-has suggested that teachers might foster students’ motivation by helping them imagine themselves as L2 speakers and envisage contexts or communities in which they might use the target language. If teachers are to help students create and sustain visions of L2 identities, they need to employ a pedagogy which incorporates and facilitates the work of the imagination. In order to provide guidelines for pedagogical practice, this paper examines the experiences of Japanese university students studying English as a foreign language in a selfdirected learning course. Prior analysis of the data revealed several affordances which supported the participants’ metacognitive development and the role of imagination in their learning. Using these affordances as a conceptual framework, this paper builds on previous work by identifying elements in the learning environment which appear to support the role of imagination in the students’ language learning. The paper concludes by suggesting guidelines for pedagogical practice and considering the implications for further inquiry.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2013, 3, 3; 377-396
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skillful Disposition and Responsiveness in Mental Imagery
Autorzy:
An, Christopher Joseph
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Tematy:
Wittgenstein
mental imagery
conceptual capacities
visual affordances
acquired dispositions
Opis:
This paper aims to explore and expand on Wittgenstein’s remarks on the nature of mental imagery. Despite some rather cryptic passages and obvious objections, his notion of mental imagery as possessing a constitutive (and not merely added) element of expressive thought and conceptuality offers critical insights linking perceptual capacities with our shared practices. In particular I seek to further develop Wittgenstein’s claim that perceptual impressions presuppose a “mastery of a technique.” I argue that this sense of technique, understood as acquired conceptual capacities, can explain and capture the rich and varied spectrum of expressive visual content that can be accessed by human beings initiated and embedded in a variety of shared practices. Using Gilbert Ryle’s account of dispositions, I cash out the notion of acquired conceptual capacities as spanning a wide latitude of responsive dispositions from mere “blind” visual habits to more normatively-guided, intelligent, and deliberately-trained visual “skills.” Visual impressions construed as such are hardly perceptually (nor representationally) univocal and instead exhibit a dynamic and reflexive plurivocity manifested through one’s initiation into shared practices and forms of life. This plurivocity makes possible a rich array of visual affordances that would otherwise not be accessible outside the context of a shared practice. This suggests that human beings possess a distinctive kind of expressive and responsive intelligence which picks out visual affordances determined not so much by a merely receptive perceptual faculty but by the subject’s skillful, active, and responsive engagement with the world.
Źródło:
Avant; 2019, 10, 2
2082-6710
Pojawia się w:
Avant
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Humility and Inquiry: A Response to Tibor Solymosi
Autorzy:
Tschaepe, Mark
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
neuropragmatism
inquiry
humility
pragmatism
affordances
democracy
social media
technology
Opis:
In his essay, “Affording our Culture: “Smart” Technology and the Prospects for Creative Democracy,” Tibor Solymosi addresses my challenge for neuropragmatism to counter what I have elsewhere called dopamine democracy. Although I believe that Solymosi has begun to provide an explanation for how neuropragmatism may counter dopamine democracy, especially with his conceptions Œ and cultural affordances, I respond with a helpful addition to his approach by returning to the theory of inquiry as put forth by John Dewey. In particular, I focus on the phases of inquiry as colored by Dewey’s concept of humility. Solymosi does not pay adequate attention to the function of inquiry necessary for combatting dopamine democracy. His account of cultural affordances and education is strengthened by using Dewey’s concept of humility as a guiding disposition for neuropragmatic inquiry. Recognizing humility as an instrument of neuropragmatic inquiry provides us with a tool to better address the pitfalls of dopamine democracy, especially misinformation and incentive salience. My argument proceeds by first articulating dopamine democracy as a problem and Solymosi’s concept of cultural affordances and how he understands these as neuropragmatic tools to address the problem through education. I present humility as an instrumental concept derived from Dewey’s work on inquiry. I then suggest how humility may serve neuropragmatic inquiry to assist in combatting the problems of dopamine democracy.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2019, 3, 1(7); 122-133
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Affordances theory in multilingualism studies
Autorzy:
Aronin, Larissa
Singleton, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
affordances
multilingualism
second language learning
complexity
multiple language acquisition
Opis:
The concept of affordances originating in Gibson’s work (Gibson, 1977) is gaining ground in multilingualism studies (cf. Aronin and Singleton, 2010; Singleton and Aronin, 2007; Dewaele, 2010). Nevertheless, studies investigating affordances in respect of teaching, learning or using languages are still somewhat rare and tend to treat isolated aspects of multilingualism. This is despite the fact that the theory of affordances can actually provide a valuable, supplementary, up-to-date framework within which a clearer, sharper description and explication of the intriguing range of attributes of multilingual communities, educational institutions and individuals, as well as teaching practices, become feasible. It is important that not only researchers and practitioners (teachers, educators, parents, community and political actors) but also language users and learners themselves should be aware of how to identify or, if necessary, design new affordances for language acquisition and learning. The aim of this article is to adapt the concept of affordances to multilingualism studies and additional language teaching, and in so doing advance theoretical understanding in this context. To this end the article contains a brief summary of the findings so far available. The article also goes further into defining the ways of how affordances work in relation to multilingualism and second language teaching and puts forward an integrated model of affordances.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2012, 2, 3; 311-331
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Affordances of Historic Urban Landscapes: an Ecological Understanding of Human Interaction with the Past
Autorzy:
Alves, Susana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
affordances
historic urban landscapes
place
culture
tangible and intangible heritage
Opis:
Heritage has been defined differently in European contexts. Despite differences, a common challenge for historic urban landscape management is the integration of tangible and intangible heritage. Integration demands an active view of perception and human-landscape interaction where intangible values are linked to specific places and meanings are attached to particular cultural practices and socio-spatial organisation. Tangible and intangible values can be examined as part of a system of affordances (potentialities) a place, artefact or cultural practice has to offer. This paper discusses how an ‘affordance analysis’ may serve as a useful tool for the management of historic urban landscapes.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2014, 21, 2
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Poachers of Instagram – Tattoo Artists in Poland and Their Tactics in Social Media
Autorzy:
Stecko-Żukowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
internet
social media
Instagram
grounded theory
affordances
Michel de Certeau
Opis:
The rise of social media has had a huge impact on the body modification services market. This study aims to reflect on the transformation of the tattoo community, giving voice to tattoo artists themselves in order to reveal their practices within the digital spaces they operate in, and on this basis, to undertake a broader reflection on users’ expectations towards social media in their current form and in the future. In order to achieve this premise, a grounded theory methodology was applied. The results of the study suggest that forms of resistance to platform hegemony, such as alternative social media, would not necessarily address the real needs of tattoo artists and their clients. Tattoo artists, by inventing various tactics of poaching in the polymedia environment, can reap unexpected benefits from the aspects of the platforms that are often perceived as limiting and potentially harmful  – such as content selection algorithms.
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2022, 21, 2; 41-60
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An adversarial explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) based approach for action forecasting
Autorzy:
Dutta, Vibekananda
Zielińska, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
action prediction
explainable artificial intelligence
object affordances
structured database
motion trajectories
Opis:
Despite the growing popularity of machine learning technology, vision‐based action recognition/forecasting systems are seen as black‐boxes by the user. The effecti‐ veness of such systems depends on the machine learning algorithms, it is difficult (or impossible) to explain the de‐ cisions making processes to the users. In this context, an approach that offers the user understanding of these re‐ asoning models is significant. To do this, we present an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) based approach to action forecasting using structured database and object affordances definition. The structured database is sup‐ porting the prediction process. The method allows to vi‐ sualize the components of the structured database. Later, the components of the base are used for forecasting the nominally possible motion goals. The object affordance explicated by the probability functions supports the se‐ lection of possible motion goals. The presented methodo‐ logy allows satisfactory explanations of the reasoning be‐ hind the inference mechanism. Experimental evaluation was conducted using the WUT‐18 dataset, the efficiency of the presented solution was compared to the other ba‐ seline algorithms.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2020, 14, 4; 3-10
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja enkulturacji w perspektywie kognitywistycznej
Autorzy:
Stawski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2188279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
Tematy:
situated cognition
enculturation
affordances
afordances competition hypothesis
cortical- -subcortical loops
cognitive niche
Opis:
Enculturation in cognitive studies perspective: Enculturation is an idea that emphasizes the significant influence of the cultural environment on cognitive processes. In the background of empirical research on the border of cultural anthropology and neuroscience, some scholars are trying to identify neural structures that may participate in the process of assimilating cultural information. In the paper, I shall argue that the concept of enculturation, as part of the situated cognition, can be enriched with the idea of affordances (in particular cultural and conventional affordances). In the first part, I present briefly the concept of enculturation as an approach that fits in the 4E. Then I characterize the concept of a cultural niche as a landscape of cultural affordances. In the second part, I consider a possible neurobiological mechanism of the discussed processes. Referring to the concept of Paul Cisk who has shown a possible neurobiological mechanism of the realization of motor affordances, it has been proposed that conventional affordances can be realized in a similar way. For this purpose, I shall discuss the concept of cortical-subcortical loops as a broader proposal compared to the concept of Cisk. According to it, motor, emotional and cognitive processes function in an integrated manner.
Źródło:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2022, 12, 1; 93-110
2083-6635
2084-1043
Pojawia się w:
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Archaeology of motion. Experiencing the past through embodiment
Autorzy:
Talaga, Maciej
Wrzalik, Jakub
Janus, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
embodied research
epistemology
experimental archaeology
theory of history
affordances
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Opis:
Since the so‑called “bodily turn” in the humanities, it may pass as trivial that, as observed by Alva Noë, “experience is not a passive interior state, but a mode of active engagement with the world”. Nevertheless, it seems worth repeating especially that the most direct implication of this thought – that when humans actively engage with the world they do so by moving their physical bodies around – has apparently penetrated much less. This is especially true in the case of academic disciplines involved in the study of the past – history and archaeology – which seem unprepared to investigate past embodiment in a comprehensive manner. Hence, a new methodological proposition is put forth – archaeology of motion. It is inspired by anthropologists and ethnographers’ successful adaptation of participatory observation and auto- ‑ethnography to the study of embodied practices. It makes use of embodied research advocated by Ben Spatz as well as insights from ecological psychology of James J. Gibson and its various off‑shoots in order to propose a positive research programme for studies in past bodily motion. The paper is capstoned with a short account of a case study on a forgotten Polish folk wrestling style where the proposed theory was put into practice.
Źródło:
Historyka studia metodologiczne; 2021, 51; 157-181
0073-277X
Pojawia się w:
Historyka studia metodologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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