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Tytuł:
Dual-Process Approach to the Problem of Artificial Intelligence Agency Perception
Autorzy:
Rabiza, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
artificial intelligence
perceived agency
agency attribution
Opis:
Thanks to advances in machine learning in recent years the ability of AI agents to act independently of human oversight,respond to their environment, and interact with other machines has significantly increased, and is one step closer to human-like performance. For this reason, we can observe contemporary researchers’ efforts towards modeling agency in artificial systems.In this light, the aim of this paper is to develop a dual-process approach to the problem of AI agency perception, and to discuss possible triggers of various agency perceptions. The article discusses the agency attribution phenomenon, based on which theargument for the dual-process nature of agency perception is developed. Two distinct types of thinking (processing)involved in human reasoning on AI agency are suggested: Type 1 and Type 2. The first one is fast, automatic, routine, and often unconscious; the second is a slower, controlled, more conscious one. Thesetwo distinct types of processing can yield differing and sometimes conflicting results for human cognition and interaction. Thepreliminary philosophical findings may contribute to further investigations in philosophy of mind or cognitive psychology andcould also be empirically tested in HCI and UX studies.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2022, 10, zeszyt specjalny; 303-313
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prolegomena do badań nad decentralizacją administracji publicznej w sektorze rolnym na przykładzie procesu gospodarowania nieruchomościami rolnymi Skarbu Państwa
Prolegomena to the study of decentralization within public administration in the agriculture sector on the example of the management of the State Treasury
Autorzy:
Możdźen-Marcinkowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
state public body
Agricultural Property Agency
government
agency
Opis:
The subject of discussion in this article are the processes of progressive emancipation of state public bodies(organs) in the agricultural economy. In particular, we show that it is necessary to make a partial contemporary observation, which should strive towards establishing a better research tools to study the functioning of government agencies in the agricultural sector. After a nearly 20-year period of the legal mechanisms for the management of state agricultural property there is a need to summarize the state policy in this sector.Choosing this theme, in light of recent amendments to the Law on Management of State Treasury agricultural property is not only necessary but urgent.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2011, 9; 29-42
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie udzielania komisjom sejmowym informacji niejawnych przez szefów Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego i Agencji Wywiadu
Legal opinion on the provision of classified information to Sejm Committees by heads of the Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency
Autorzy:
Czarny, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6567742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Internal Security Agency
Foreign Intelligence Agency
classified information
Sejm committee
Opis:
Sejm committees may apply to the heads of the Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency (which are representatives of state institutions) with a request to provide information and explanations which concern matters falling within the scope of activity of the committee. If information requested from the above-mentioned agencies by a Sejm committee constitutes classified information within the meaning of the Act on the Protection of Classified Information, then provision thereof to the committee is allowed only after meeting stringent requirements specified in that Act and – to an extent – in the Act on Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 3(47); 65-72
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agentic Thinking About Others Makes Them Closer
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Jaroslaw
Wojciszke, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Agency
Communion
Closeness
Opis:
A substantial amount of research showed that agency (concerning goal attainment) and communion (concerning relationships maintenance) are two basic dimensions of content in social cognition. Based on the well-supported idea that people typically think about themselves and close others in agentic rather than communal terms, we tested the hypothesis that agentic (but not communal) thinking about unknown others makes them subjectively closer. This hypothesis was confirmed in four experiments differently priming agentic versus communal thinking on others. As predicted, increases in closeness resulting from the agentic thinking about others were constrained to cognitive load conditions where participants were occupied with a parallel task. We conclude that the agentic content of thoughts about others serves as an intuitive, heuristic cue of their psychological closeness.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 4; 523-534
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Make me dictator and I will save humankind
Autorzy:
De Vita, Laurenc L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14103497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
sustainable development
anthropocentrism
agency
Opis:
Aim: Humankind finds itself in a dire situation. Solutions have been put forth, but none has made a significant impact on carbon release or resources depletion.  I add my proposal, the literary device of the dictator, to those who feel there is some possible remedy for our predicament. Design / Research methods: This paper is part of a larger project which uses micro- and macro-sociology and cliodynamics, archaeology, evolutionary biology, and dissipative systems theory to describe both our global system, and its implications for our species.   I briefly critique three other approaches regarding their likelihood of success. Conclusions / findings: The self-organized dissipative system drives population, population density, and the exploitation and depletion of natural resources.  The system is the interface between humans and the environment.   It is unlikely any approach which is not 1. dramatic, 2. inclusive, and 3. determinedly focused on disarming the global system will prevent the complete depletion of the natural world, and the continued mass extinction. Originality / value of the article:  The paper challenges commonly held assumptions regarding the system and human participation in it.  The paper should be of interest to anyone concerned about humankind.  Implications of the research (if applicable): The paper has strong implications for policy.  It describes how perpetuating ideas like “sustainable growth” can only ensure the collapse of the global system, and perhaps the collapse of the natural systems as well.  The consequence of applying the research would be desperate, frighteningly objective, but will allow, perhaps, Homo to continue.    Limitations of the research  (if applicable): Future research could focus on re-interpreting data gathered by previous paradigms.  Cliodynamics provides insight into the future by considering complex relationships.  The limitations to the implications of the research lie in the fact that it is difficult for some to distinguish between “humankind” and the system.  
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2022, 6, 1; 67-93
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agency costs of overvalued equity and earnings management in companies listed on WSE
Autorzy:
Kałdoński, Michał
Jewartowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
overvalued equity, earnings management, agency costs, agency theory, corporate finance, corporate governance
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to study earnings management activities of companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange from the perspective of Jensen’s agency theory of overvalued equity (Jensen, 2005). Specifically, we analyze relations between equity overvaluation and various types of earnings management used by public companies between 2005 and 2015. We provide evidence partially consistent with Jensen’s theory. Specifically, our study reveals that overvaluation intensifies income-increasing accrual earnings management activities. However, we also find that overvaluation is not followed by real transactions management activities, as opposed to previous studies based on the US market. We provide some evidence that this difference might be driven by external monitoring executed by large institutional investors.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 1
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tożsamość jednostek i grup dyskryminowanych w perspektywie socjologicznej
Individual identity and identity of discriminated groups in terms of sociological perspective
Autorzy:
Porankiewicz-Żukowska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/597544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
IDENTITY
DISCRIMINATION
INTERACTION
AGENCY
Opis:
Te main area of the article refers to individual identity and identity of discriminated groups in terms of sociological perspective. Te author analyses this phenomenon in the context of self-consciousness, agency internalization of social roles and group self-consciousness. However, social interactions issue is the most crucial study of this article. Te whole area of the study based on the theory of Erving Gofman, Jacek Kochanowski and Manuel Castells.
Źródło:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne; 2013, 22; 25-35
1230-2392
Pojawia się w:
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The executive agency as a legal organisational form of implementing cybersecurity tasks
Autorzy:
Karpiuk, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-01
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyberspace
executive agency
Opis:
The national cybersecurity system is formed of a number of public entities, including executive agencies with legal personality as entities of the public finance sector. The executive agency could implement cybersecurity tasks important to the functioning of the state and its institutions. Through this legal organisational form, it would be possible to shape the development of new technologies that could then serve a digital society or digital state, including the protection of ICT systems for communication, as well as the provision of digital services and key services. Due to the widespread activity in cyberspace, it is necessary to have entities in place to protect its users. Such an entity could have the form of a cyber agency, working with other institutions (public and private), that is competent for cybersecurity
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 48-60
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The executive agency as a legal organisational form of implementing cybersecurity tasks
Autorzy:
Karpiuk, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17900903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyberspace
executive agency
Opis:
The national cybersecurity system is formed of a number of public entities, including executive agencies with legal personality as entities of the public finance sector. The executive agency could implement cybersecurity tasks important to the functioning of the state and its institutions. Through this legal organisational form, it would be possible to shape the development of new technologies that could then serve a digital society or digital state, including the protection of ICT systems for communication, as well as the provision of digital services and key services. Due to the widespread activity in cyberspace, it is necessary to have entities in place to protect its users. Such an entity could have the form of a cyber agency, working with other institutions (public and private), that is competent for cybersecurity
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 48-60
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem przedstawicielstwa w otwartych funduszach emerytalnych – wybrane aspekty
Agency Problem in Open Pension Funds – Selected Aspects
Autorzy:
Samborski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/597057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
fundusz emerytalny
problem agencji
teoria agencji
pension fund
agency problem
agency theory
Opis:
W artykule podjęto problem przedstawicielstwa w otwartych funduszach emerytalnych. Całość rozważań osadzono w założeniach pozytywistycznej teorii agencji. W tekście poddano analizie stosunki, w jakie wchodzą otwarte fundusze emerytalne (OFE) i powszechne towarzystwa emerytalne (PTE) – organ zarządzający OFE. Zwrócono uwagę na relacje zachodzące pomiędzy członkiem OFE a akcjonariuszem PTE. W opracowaniu jako cel przyjęto ocenę mechanizmów ukierunkowanych na łagodzenie konfliktu interesów pomiędzy członkami OFE a PTE. Analizie poddano dwa rodzaje mechanizmów, a mianowicie: bodźce i monitoring. Zdaniem autora w zakresie bodźców przyjęte przez ustawodawcę rozwiązania nie do końca odpowiadają potrzebom członków OFE. Autor proponuje powiązanie większej części wynagrodzenia PTE z wynikami inwestycyjnymi OFE. Towarzyszyć temu jednak powinno zniesienie ustawowych ograniczeń inwestycyjnych dla środków zgromadzonych w OFE i stworzenie możliwości wyodrębnienia z OFE kilku subfunduszy o różnym poziomie ryzyka inwestycyjnego. Autor zaznacza przy tym, iż o profilu ryzyka planu emerytalnego decydować powinien członek OFE. Przyjęte natomiast przez ustawodawcę rozwiązania z punktu widzenia mechanizmu monitoringu nie budzą większych zastrzeżeń. Pewnej poprawy wymagałyby jednak relacje wewnątrz PTE, a dokładniej kwestie dotyczące rad nadzorczych.
The article discusses the agency problem in open pension funds. All these considerations embedded in the assumptions of the positivist agency theory. The text analyzed the relationship between the open pension funds (OFE) and general pension societies (PTE) – OFE governing body. Attention was paid to the relationship between members of the open pension funds and PTE shareholders. The study adopted as a goal: to assess the mechanisms that solve the conflicts of interest between members of OFE and PTE. Author analyzed two types of mechanisms, namely: incentives and monitoring. According to the author, adopted solutions by the legislator in the area of incentives do not fully meet the needs of OFE members. The author proposes to link the greater part of the PTE remuneration with the results of OFE investment. The author also proposes the abolition of statutory investment limits on OFE and separation within the OFE several sub-funds with different levels of investment risk. OFE member should decide about the risk profile of a pension plan. Adopted solutions by the legislature in the field of monitoring do not raise major objections. One improvement would require, however, relations within the PTE, and more specifically issues concerning supervisory boards.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2016, C; 329-348
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Profiling help for an unemployed person - an unsuccessful experiment or a missed opportunity?
Autorzy:
Ewa, Flaszyńska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
support profiling
unemployed
employment agency
Opis:
In June 2019 the profiling of support for the unemployed was eliminated (introduced in middle of 2014). The process of support profiling was supposed to more accurately dedicate support to people registering in employment agency, but over time the profiling became a routine procedure. Statutory support instruments for people detached from the labour market were also symbolic. The Constitutional Tribunal, the Ombudsman and the employees of the local (poviat) employment agencies themselves spoke critically about the support profiling. According to them the profiling system prevented those people from operating effectively due to the limited range of forms of assistance that could be used in the established assistance profile. The purpose of my article is to try to answer the question of why the profiling did not work in Polish conditions. The article contains conclusions from a short study on this issue conducted in poviat employment agencies in January 2020.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2020, 35(3); 109-129
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Institutional, Structural and Agential Embeddedness of Precarity: an Engagement with Guy Standing
Autorzy:
Hardy, Jane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
precarity
embeddedness
class
worker agency
Opis:
Guy Standing's book The Precariat has had a significant impact in stimulating a debate about the changing nature of work across the broad sweep of the global economy. He advances the notion of precarious workers, originally put forward by Italian autonomist Marxists, to suggest that they constitute a new and separate class. This article reflects on the notion of precarious work and addresses the temporal, historical and analytical weaknesses manifest in many accounts by proposing a political economy synthesis. The discussion takes place through the theoretical lens of embeddedness that takes seriously the structures and institutions of capitalism and the agency of workers individually and collectively. First, it is argued that two key influences on the structural embeddedness of precarity are the spatiality of capitalism and its endemic tendency to crisis. Second, the temporal and institutional embeddedness of precarity is discussed in historical and comparative context. Third, the agential influence on embeddedness is examined with regard to the possibility of the self-organization precarious workers and their potential for forging solidarity with other groups. The article concludes that precarious work is intrinsic to capitalism and therefore the precariat cannot be understood as a class in itself. The implications of this for activists is that solidarity needs to be forged between all groups of workers in order to organise for decent and stable employment.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2015, 6, 11; 7-25
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podmiot wobec struktur społecznych. Jeana-Paula Sartre’a i Pierre’a Bourdieu konceptualizacja podmiotowości społecznej
SOCIAL AGENT IN THE FACE OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES. JEAN-PAUL SARTRE’S AND PIERRE BOURDIEU’S CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL AGENCY
Autorzy:
Pomiankiewicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/427340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FREEDOM
AGENCY/STRUCTURE
BOURDIEU
SARTRE
Opis:
In this paper, based on two theoretical conceptions, the author presents the most important dichotomy in sociology, agency/structure, which reflects core issue of the opposition between subjectivity and objectivity. The dichotomy is a theoretical approach to demonstrate the relationship between social agents and social structures in which the former operate. In the main part of the text, the author compares Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of freedom, as a phenomenological analysis of consciousness, which is the starting point for making statement about social agency on the basis of his social ontology, with Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, which is an attempt to overcome the dichotomy in the field of French sociological theory. Comparing these approaches, the author tries to present their methodological advantage for the study of agency/structure problem, which is the basic criterion applied in their assessment.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2013, 2(209); 46-69
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobilities, Individuation, and Agencies: An Analysis Based on Young Migrants’ Biographical Narratives in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Autorzy:
Tapia, Silvia Alejandra
Di Leo, Pablo Francisco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
migration
youth
mobility
individuation
agency
Opis:
Social studies point out the unequal conditions for moving or staying, internally or internationally, that young people from different social sectors face in their biographies. In this article, we analyze the migratory experiences of young people from popular sectors of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. To do that, we put into dialogue recent studies on migration and proposals of the sociology of individuation and the new mobility paradigm. We approach the individuation processes of these young people through the qualitative analysis of their biographical narratives in which their migration experiences emerged as turning points in their lives. The article argues that young migrants from popular sectors draft their agencies and shape themselves as individuals by mobilizing material and symbolic supports and accessing different social shock-absorbers that allow them to cope with three major social challenges in their migratory processes: the socio-labor trial; the family trial, and the identity trial. By identifying the discontinuities and the common evidence present in the migratory experiences of these young people and their families, the paper ends highlighting the articulations among coercions, elasticities, and strategies that these youth migrant mobilize, individually and collectively, around themselves and others, through border-links to create shelters and deal with such challenges.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2021, 17, 3; 108-128
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Źródła konfliktu agencyjnego w towarzystwach funduszy inwestycyjnych
The sources of agency conflict in the investment fund companies
Autorzy:
Gad, Dagmara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951336.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
teoria agencji
konflikt agencji
towarzystwo funduszy inwestycyjnych
agency theory
agency conflict
investment fund company
Opis:
Investment Fund Company sets up and manages investment funds that collect funds from many investors. Decisions taken by Investment Fund Company are supported by the experienced managers (investment advisors or Asset Management Company). It seems that those decisions are optimal. It turns out, however, that between Investment Fund Company, participants in the Investment Fund and the managers (investment advisors or Asset Management Company) can be identified the agency problem. The purpose of this article is to present, on the basis of literature studies, the sources of agency theory in Investment Fund Company. In the empirical part of the paper is presented the potential sources of the Agency Theory on the example of AXA Investment Fund Company.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCI (91)/2; 89-104
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 538

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