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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 722
Tytuł:
Problemy konserwatorskie Krakowa w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
PROBLÈMES DE LA CONSERVATION DE CRACOVIE DANS LA PREMIÈRE MOITIÉ DU XIXe SIÈCLE
Autorzy:
Ślesiński, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535498.pdf
Data publikacji:
1963
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
problemy konserwatorskie Krakowa
styl klasycystyczny w konserwacji
styl romantyczny w konserwacji
przebudowa Wawelu
przebudowa Sukiennic
Kraków
styl klasycystyczny
styl romantyczny
Rzeczpospolita Krakowska
plan „upięknienia” Krakowa
„upięknianie” miasta
konserwacja Collegium Maius
Sukiennice
Wawel
kościół Dominikanów
konserwacja malarstwa
ołtarz Mariacki
odnawianie rzeźb
Opis:
L’article présent est l’extrait d’un ouvrage plus vaste. La forme abrégée des considérations avait obligée l ’auteur à se borner à deux problèmes: au style et à la méthode de restauration qui sont en quelque sorte le fondement des problèmes de la conservation de Cracovie dans les années 1800—1863. Les tendances vers le style classique et vers le style romantique qui paraissent dans cette période ont été illustrées par l’histoire de la conservation des monuments de l ’architecture à Cracovie. Les effets de l ’incendie de 1850, tragiques pour les monuments de Cracovie, ont provoqué non seulement l’animation du mouvement de conservation relatif à l’architecture; la commission nommée par la Section de l ’Archéologie et des Beaux-Arts de la Société Scientifique de Cracovie s ’est occupée aussi des mobiliers d’art. Dans la deuxième partie de l ’article l ’auteur s ’occupe des évolutions difficiles à découvrir, survenues dans la méthode technique de conservation. Il remarque certaines modifications de la technique de conservation des monuments dans cette époque dans „Skazówka mogąca posłużyć w poszukiwaniach archeologicznych” (’’Indication pouvant être utile dans les recherches archéologiques”), publiée par la Société Scientifique de Cracovie. L’auteur s’occupe également de l ’acquisition de l ’art de conservation. Ensuite il énumère plusieurs noms de conservateurs, peintres, sculpteurs, architectes, presque inconnus jusqu’à présent dans la litté rature professionnelle.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1963, 1; 3-16
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dorobek naukowy w dziedzinie higieny komunalnej w okresie XXX-lecia Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Autorzy:
Maziarka, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/876958.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
higiena komunalna
dorobek naukowy
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
nauka
sluzba zdrowia
zdrowie czlowieka
zaopatrzenie w wode
zawartosc mikroelementow
ochrona wod
ochrona gleb
powietrze atmosferyczne
radioaktywnosc
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1974, 25, 4
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształcenie kadr dla potrzeb służby sanitarno-epidemiologicznej
Autorzy:
Naruszewicz-Lesiuk, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/874227.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
ksztalcenie
kadry
edukacja
sluzba sanitarna
aspekty epidemiologiczne
dzialalnosc dydaktyczna
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
lata 1946-1974
Panstwowa Szkola Higieny Warszawa
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1974, 25, 4
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osiągnięcia nauki o żywieniu w okresie 30 lat istnienia Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Autorzy:
Szczygiel, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/876908.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
zywienie czlowieka
osiagniecia naukowe
edukacja
nauka
osiagniecia dydaktyczne
prace naukowo-badawcze
stan odzywienia
ocena jakosci
wartosc odzywcza
zywienie zbiorowe
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1974, 25, 4
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy badawcze ochrony radiologicznej i radiobiologii w okresie XXX-lecia Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Autorzy:
Majle, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/872415.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
ochrona radiologiczna
radiobiologia
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
historia
choroby czlowieka
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1974, 25, 4
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osiągnięcia w dziedzinie badania i kontroli żywności oraz przedmiotów użytku w okresie 30-lecia Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Achievements in examination and control of food and everyday use objects during 30 years of Polish Peoples Republic
Autorzy:
Krauze, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/872931.pdf
Data publikacji:
1975
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
jubileusz
zywnosc
badania naukowe
kontrola zywnosci
chromatografia cienkowarstwowa
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 1975, 26, 3
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kierunki polityki leśnej w Polsce w latach 1918-1988 (na podstawie najważniejszych aktów normatywnych)
Napravlenija lesnojj politiki w Polshe v 1918-1988 godakh na osnovanii samykh vazhnykh normativnykh aktov
Directions of forest policy in Poland in the years 1918-1988 on the basis of the main normative instruments
Autorzy:
Jastrzebski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/819269.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Polska
polityka lesna
lasy panstwowe
gospodarka lesna
ochrona lasu
gospodarka finansowa
lasy niepanstwowe
okres miedzywojenny
okres powojenny
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
regulacja prawna
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1991, 135, 01-03
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka stosowania kary konfiskaty mienia w PRL
Forfeiture of property. The policy of its imposition in Polish Peoples Republic
Autorzy:
Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698520.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kara konfiskaty mienia
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (PRL)
statystyki sądowe
forfeiture of property
the Polish People's Republic 1944-1989
court statistics
Opis:
Fofeiture of property is the most severe of all penalties affecting property that have ever been  imposed in hisiory. It consists in the convicted offender’s property being taken over – wholly or in part – by the treasury. The paper deals with the history of this particular penalty in the criminal policy of Polish People’s Republic in the years 1944–1990. The penalty of forfeiture of property was not provided for in the 1932 penal code (which remained in force till December 31, 1969). It appeared in the legislation shortly before World War II, in the act of June 23, 1939 on special criminal responsibility for desertion to the enemy or abroad. Before the passing of the 1932 penal code, the codes of the partitioning powers had been in force in the Polish territories (as until the regaining of independence in 1918, Poland was partitioned by Russia, Austria and Germany). Also those codes did not provide for forfeiture of property. It was only the legislator of People’s Poland who introduced forfeiture of property as an additionar penalty and provided for its broad adjudication. The history of forfeiture of property in postwar Poland is analyzed divided into four stages which differ from one another due to significant changes in the  legislation. The changes reflected re-orientation of criminal policy in connection with a succession of political crises. The first such stage in the history of forfeiture of property were the years 1944–1958. The data discussed in the paper that concern this period are statistics of civilians convicted by military courts from the spring of l944 till April 30, 1955 (till which date in special cases provided for in statutes, civilians fell under the jurisdiction of military courts), and statistics of convictions by common courts till 1949. The second stage began with the passing of the act of June 18, 1959 on protection of social property. Stage three was initiated by the entering into force, on January 1, 1970, of the new penal code of April 19, 1969. The fourth and last stage began with the passing of the act of May 10, 1985 on special criminal  responsability and ended with the act of February 23, 1990 which derogated the penalty of forfeiture of property. The introduction of forfeiture of property as an additional penalty is characteristic of the earliest legislative acts of the new authorities of People’s Poland, imposed from without. Its broad application and obligatory character demonstrate the importance attached by those authorities to forfeiture as an element of political game against society. The first legal acts of the Polish Committee for National Liberaltion provided for that penalty: the decree of August 31, 1944 on statutory penalties for the Nazi was criminals, the decree of September 23, 1944 – Penal Code of the Polish Army, and the decree of October 30, 1944 on protection of State. One year later, the decree of November 11,1945 was passed on offences of particular danger in the period of reconstruction of State (which quashed the former wartime decree on protection of State). It was in turn replaced with a new one under the same title, passed on June 13, 1946. The Council of Ministers justified the new decree with the need for aggravation of penalties for all activities that disturbed internal peace, order, and safety, and impaired Poland’s international position. The decree piovided for particularly severe penalties for perpetration of, incitement to, and approval of fratricide; for membership of illegal organizations and terrorist groups; for distribution of illegal literature; for illegal possession of firearms; for helping the members of terrorist groups; and in some cases of failure to inform on an offence. (The decree was generally known as the small penal code – s.p.c.). As provided for in the decree, the additional penalty of forfeiture of property was obfigatory in two cases: sentence to death or to life imprisonment, and conviction for attempt with violence or membership of an armed union. It was optional in the case of sentence to a prison term (Art. 49 para 1 and 2 of the decree). The provisions of s.p.c. extended the application of forfeiture: the court could at ail times adjudicate forfeiture of the property not only of the convicted person himself but also of his spouse or familly members (this did not concern, though, the property such persons attained themselves, inherited, or acquired gift not donated by the convicted persons). Thus forfeiture could affect a very large group of actually innocent persons. Here the decree introduced group responsability for crime. In 1953, four decrees were passed; according to the people’s legislator, they aimed at protecting social property and the interests of buyers in commercial trade. Two of them, the decree of March 4, 1953 on protection of buyers in commercial trade and another one passed on that same date on increased protection of social property, provided for the possibility of forfeiture of the offender’s property wholly or in part. In that case, forfeiture was optional. Statistical data concerning the adjudication of forfeiture were gathered since 1949. Beginning from August 15, 1944, though, forfeiture of property was also adjudicated in cases of civilians convicted by military courts which had civilians in their jurisdiction by force of the decree of October 30, 1944 on protection of State. Military courts were competent to decide in cases of persons accused of offences specified in Art. Art. 85–88 and 101 – 103 of penal code of the Polish Army, in the decree on protection of State, and – the latter quashed – in s.p.c. The jurisdiction of military courts in cases of civilians was abolished in the act of April 5, 1955 on transfer to common courts of the former competence of military courts in cases of civilians, functionaries of public security agencies, the Civic Militaria and Prison Staff. Military courts retained their competence in cases of the specified categories of civilians accused of espionage (Art. 7 s.p.c.). The passing of that act was the first manifestation of a gradual abolition of the legal and judiciary terror. Convictions of civilians tried by military courts were two or three times more frequent than convictions of military service men. Starting from as early as the latter half of 1944, civilians were convicted for membership of illegal or delegalized organizations (mainly the former Home Army) and for illegal possession of firearms (70 per cent of all convictions). Aftcr 1952, the number of persons convicted for the latter went down; instead, more persons were convicted for banditry and failure to inform on an offence. Forfeiture of property was adjudicated in about 40 to 50 per cent of cases of civilians; it  accompanied sentences to long prison terms or to death, as well as another additional penalty: deprivation of public rights. It was imposed first of all on those who opposed the newly introduced political system, but also on chance perpetrators of what was called anti-State propagande. Common courts adjudicated forfeiture of property mainly for offences specified in two decrees: the one of August 31, 1944 on statutory penalties for Nazi war criminals, and the decree of June 28,1946 on criminal responsability for repudiation of Polish nationality during the 1939-1945 war. Over 90 per cent of all forfeiture were adjudicated in such cases. During the 1959–1969 decade, the additional penalty of forfeiture of property was imposed basing on special statutes. Two statutes were passed as a novelty which provided for forfeiture while aiming at special protection of the social property. They were: the act of January 21, 1958 on increased protection of social property, and the act of June 18, 1959 on criminal responsability for offences against social property. Nearly all forfeitures in that period were adjudicated for offences specified in the act of June 18, 1959, and the actual offence concerned was appropriation of social property in practically all cases. Convictions for the offences specified in the discussed statut constituted one-fifth of all convictions; most cases, however, concerned petty or not too serious offences where forfeiture was optional only. This is why that penalty was imposed rather seldom; there were realatively few acts for which it was obligatory. Forfeiture was also most seldom adjudicated by force of ther statutes. It amounted to 1,5–2,2 per cent of all additional penalties imposed. The new penal code passed on April 19, 1969 introduced forfeiture of property to its catalogue of additional penalties. Forfeiture of the whole or part of property was obligatory on the case of conviction for the following crimes: 1) against the basic political or economic interests of Polish People’s Republic: betrayal  of the fatherland, conspiracy against Polish People’s Republic, espionage, terrorism, sabotage, abuse of confidence in foreign relations, misinformation, participation in organized crime against the economy or foreign currency regulations; and 2) appropriation of social property of considerable value. Besides, the court could adjudicate forfeiture of property wholly or in part in the case of conviction of another crime committed for material profit. The code’s regulation of application of forfeiture was clearly copied from the earlier legislation: the s.p.c. and the acts that increased the protection of social property. During the fifteen years 1970–1984, forfeiture of property was among the least frequently imposed penalties and constituted from 1,2 to 3,3 per cent of all additional penalties. It accompagnied nearly exlusively the convictions for two types of offences: appropriation of social property of considerable value, and that same offence committed by a person who availed himself of the activity of a unit of socialized economy, and acted in conspiracy with others to the detriment of that unit, its customers or contractors. Convictions for these offences constituted about 1 per cent of all convictions for offences against property. The fourth and last period discussed are the years 1985–1990 when forfeiture was again adjudicated very often, as in the 1940’s – 1950’s, to be abolished completely in the end. The entire five-year period was characterized by changes in penal law, one completely opposing another: from extension of penalization and increase of repressiveness introduced by the acts of 1985 to liberalization in 1990. Two acts were passed bearing the same date – may 10, 1985: on changing some provisions of penal law and the law on transgressions, and on special criminal responsability (the so-called provisional act in force till June 30, 1988). They introduced significant changes in the range of application of forfeiture of property, making its adjudication possible, and for some time even obligatory, for common offences. In the discussed period, that penalty was imposed mainly for offences against property. Nearly a half of them were burglaries, and the victims were usually – in two-thirds of cases – natural persons. In the period of particular intensity of convictions – 1986–1987 – forfeiture accompanied 11–12 per cent of ail convictions, the proportion going down to a mere 0,1 per cent in 1989. The imposition of that penalty was extremely broad: consequently, forfeiture  was adjudicated in cases of quite petty offences where it was inappropriate and out of all proportion to the seriousness of the act and the guilt of the offender. This made the execution of forfeiture actually ineffective as it usually proved objectless in the case of petty common offenders. Forfeiture of property evolved in a way from was practically non-existence to emergence in special statutes and then in the penal code, to its special use in the criminal policy of the eighties when grounds well known from the past were given for its broader imposition: the need for severe penal repression towards offenders against property, to a complete abolition of that penalty in 1990. Forfeiture was extensively applied in the years 1949–1958 (when common courts adjudicated 1044, and military courts – 1538 forfeitures a year on the average). The next two periods were similar as to the number of forfeitures (503 and 513 respectively). The use of forfeiture was the broadest under the provisional statute (10,345 cases a year on the average). Forfeiture is no doubt one of the most severe penalties affecting property, or penalties in general, which is why it should have been adjudicated in exceptional cases only. Its use under the provisional statute in cases of ,,ordinary” offenders violated the principle of just punishment. On the other hand, forfeiture can hardly be called a just penalty anyway as it always affects not only the offender himself but also his family. The political changes in Poland made it possible to liberalize penal law and to remove the most unjust solutions it contained, the penalty of forfeiture of property included.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 147-167
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poza zasięgiem cenzury.
Powiązania:
Biuletyn Katyński 2000, Numer Specjalny (2), s. 50-54
Data publikacji:
2000
Tematy:
Rzeczpospolita (czasopismo) tematyka 1980 r.
Bratniak (czasopismo) tematyka 1980 r.
Opinia Krakowska (czasopismo) tematyka 1980 r.
Sprawa katyńska publicystyka 1980 r.
Czasopisma nielegalne polskie 1980 r.
Opis:
Omówienie artykułów o tematyce katyńskiej w "Bratniaku", "Opinii Krakowskiej", "Rzeczpospolitej".
Przedruk numerów 16-32 (1980-1981).
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Środkowowschodni Europejczyk : profesor Jerzy Kłoczkowski pierwszym laureatem Nagrody "Rzeczypospolitej" im. Jerzego Giedroycia
Autorzy:
Geremek, Bronisław.
Powiązania:
Rzeczpospolita 2001, nr 263, s. D1
Data publikacji:
2001
Tematy:
Kłoczowski Jerzy.
Geremek Bronisław mowy
"Rzeczpospolita (czasopismo) nagrody i wyróżnienia
Nagroda im. Jerzego Giedroycia laureaci 2001 r.
Integracja europejska piśmiennictwo
Racja stanu
Opis:
Laudacja wygłoszona podczas uroczystości wręczenia Nagrody "Rzeczpospolitej" im. Jerzego Giedroycia.
Fot.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie wady narodowe i ich przezwyciężanie w szkolnictwie okresu międzywojennego na przykładzie Szkoły Powszechnej w Wąwolnicy
Polish National Faults and Overcoming them in the Inter-war Period Education on the Example of the Primary School in Wąwolnica
Autorzy:
Pardyka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Druga Rzeczpospolita
szkolnictwo
wady
cnoty
charakter narodowy
oszczędność
spółdzielczość
patriotyzm
wychowanie
Wąwolnica
Second Republic
schooling
faults
virtues
national character
thriftiness
cooperative movement
patriotism
education
Opis:
Representatives of Polish intellectual and political elites of the last period of the partitions and of the Second Republic saw a necessity of eliminating from the Polish national mental life the faults that would make it difficult to 'form the nation' that would match the needs of an independent state. Lack of diligence and underestimating economic values, idealism, individualism, excessive emotionality were considered the leading Polish national faults. As the example of the Wąwolnica school shows, overcoming them, which was an essential postulate in the basics of national education, had a rather verbal character until the May coup. The programme was practically put into effect mainly in the course of lessons of manual work, where the pupils first of all exercised the virtue of diligence. The programme of eliminating Polish faults continued by the 'Sanacja' system was focused not only on diligence but on appreciacion of economic values (thriftiness, cooperative movement) and on collective work as well. Work on faults at schools had a planned and multi-level character. It was done in the form of lectures and of celebrating certain issues on particular days; from the end of the 1920s it was developed in pupils' organizations, and after the Jędrzejowicz's reform the problem was given more space in the curriculas and handbooks. There are premises leading to the conclusion that the programme of overcoming the faults brought real changes in the Polish society of that time; however, schooling was far from general, which means that not all the children subject to the schooling duty were included in the programme. On the other hand, it is known that it reached some of the adult representatives of the society.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2002, 50, 2; 149-185
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 722

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