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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Preparation vermicular graphite in thin and thick wall iron castings
    Autorzy:
    Kopyciński, D.
    Guzik, E.
    Nowak, A.
    Ronduda, M.
    Sokolnicki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382764.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo wermikularne
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    tlen
    żeliwo
    vermicular cast iron
    ductile cast iron
    Tundish method
    oxygen
    cast iron
    Opis:
    The results of studies on the use of magnesium alloy in modern Tundish for production of vermicular graphite cast irons were described. This paper describes the results of using a low-magnesium ferrosilicon alloy for the production of vermicular graphite cast irons. The paper presents a vermicular (and nodular) graphite in different walled castings. The results of trials have shown that the magnesium Tundish process can produce high quality vermicular graphite irons under the specific industrial conditions of Foundries - Odlewnie Polskie S.A. in Starachowice. In this work describes too preliminary studies on the oxygen state in cast iron and their effect on graphite crystallization.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 41-44
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vermicular cast iron production in the “Inmold” technology (in the Metalpol casting house) and the assessment of its thermal fatigue resistance
    Autorzy:
    Zych, J.
    Żyrek, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383023.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    thermal fatigue
    Inmold method
    vermicular cast iron
    zmęczenie cieplne
    metoda in mold
    żeliwo wermikularne
    Opis:
    The method of obtaining the vermicular cast iron in the “Inmold” technology and the results of the thermal fatigue investigations, are presented in the paper. The influence of the maximum cycle temperature (Tmax) on the thermal fatigue resistance was examined by means of the L.F. Coffin method. The cast iron structure change caused by the thermal fatigue is presented in the paper. When the vermicular cast iron is subjected to the thermal fatigue the matrix ferritisation occurs, which leads to the strength, Rm., decrease. The heating process of the vermicular cast iron is slower as compared to the spheroidal cast iron, whereas the cooling process is faster. Under the same conditions of heat exchanging the vermicular cast iron is heated to a much lower temperature than the spheroidal one. Together with the maximum heating temperature increase the thermal fatigue resistance decreases.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 255-260
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial Assessment of Graphite Precipitates in Vermicular Cast Iron in the As-Cast State and after Thermal Treatments
    Autorzy:
    Soiński, M. S.
    Jakubus, Aneta
    Borowiecki, B.
    Mierzwa, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2126913.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    graphite precipitates
    thermal treatments
    austempering
    żeliwo wermikularne
    morfologia grafitu
    obróbka termiczna
    hartowanie
    Opis:
    The purpose of the work was to determine the morphology of graphite that occurs in vermicular cast iron, both in the as-cast state and after heat treatment including austenitization (held at a temperature of 890°C or 960°C for 90 or 150 min) and isothermal quenching (i.e. austempering, at a temperature of 290°C or 390°C for 90 or 150 min). In this case, the aim here was to investigate whether the heat treatment performed, in addition to the undisputed influence of the cast iron matrix on the formation of austenite and ferrite, also affects the morphology of the vermicular graphite precipitates and to what extent. The investigations were carried out for the specimens cut from test coupons cast in the shape of an inverted U letter (type IIb according to the applicable standard); they were taken from the 25mm thick walls of their test parts. The morphology of graphite precipitates in cast iron was investigated using a Metaplan 2 metallographic microscope and a Quantimet 570 Color image analyzer. The shape factor F was calculated as the quotient of the area of given graphite precipitation and the square of its perimeter. The degree of vermicularization of graphite was determined as the ratio of the sum of the graphite surface and precipitates with F <0.05 to the total area occupied by all the precipitations of the graphite surface. The examinations performed revealed that all the heat-treated samples made of vermicular graphite exhibited the lower degree of vermicularization of the graphite compared to the corresponding samples in the as-cast state (the structure contains a greater fraction of the nodular or nearly nodular precipitates). Heat treatment also caused a reduction in the average size of graphite precipitates, which was about 225μm2 for the as-cast state, and dropped to approximately 170-200 μm2 after the austenitization and austempering processes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 131--136
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of the Shape of Graphite Precipitates on the Cast Iron Abrasion Resistance
    Autorzy:
    Jakubus, A.
    Soiński, M. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381926.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nodular cast iron
    vermicular cast iron
    grey cast iron
    abrasion resistance
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    żeliwo wermikularne
    żeliwo szare
    odporność na ścieranie
    Opis:
    The paper presents the initial results of investigation concerning the abrasion resistance of cast iron with nodular, vermicular, or flake graphite. The nodular and vermicular cast iron specimens were cut out of test coupons of the IIb type with the wall thickness equal to 25 mm, while the specimens made of grey cast iron containing flake graphite were cut out either of special casts with 20 mm thick walls or of the original brake disk. The abrasion tests were carried out by means of the T-01M tribological unit working in the pin-on-disk configuration. The counterface specimens (i.e. the disks) were made of the JT6500 brand name friction material. Each specimen was abraded over a distance of 4000 m. The mass losses, both of the specimens and of the counterface disks, were determined by weighting. It was found that the least wear among the examined materials was exhibited by the nodular cast iron. In turn, the smallest abrasion resistance was found in vermicular cast iron and in cast iron containing flake graphite coming from the brake disk. However, while the three types of specimens (those taken from the nodular cast iron and from grey cast iron coming either from the special casts or from the brake disk) have almost purely pearlitic matrix (P95/Fe05), the vermicular cast iron matrix was composed of pearlite and ferrite occurring in the amounts of about 50% each (P50/Fe50). Additionally, it was found that the highest temperature at the cast iron/counterface disk contact point was reached during the tests held for the nodular cast iron, while the lowest one occurred for the case of specially cast grey iron.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 87-90
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Microstructure and Heat Transfer Surface on the Thermal Power of Cast Iron Heat Exchangers
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, M.
    Orłowicz, A. W.
    Tupaj, M.
    Lenik, M.
    Kawiński, M. J.
    Kawiński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    heat exchanger
    thermal power
    calorimetric test
    żeliwo wermikularne
    wymiennik ciepła
    moc cieplna
    test kalorymetryczny
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of calorimetric tests of segment elements of fireplace inserts. The aim of the work was to optimize their thermal power by replacing the previously used gray cast iron with flake graphite with gray iron with vermicular graphite and replacing the existing geometry of the heat transfer surface with a more developed one. It turned out that the thermal power of the test segments made of cast iron with vermicular graphite was higher compared to the segments of the same shape made of gray cast iron with flake graphite. It was found that the use of segments made of vermicular cast iron with a ferritic matrix allowed for an increase in the thermal power value by dozen percent, compared to segments of the same shape made of vermicular cast iron with a pearlitic matrix. The test results showed that the thermal power of the test segments depends on the variant of the development of both the heat receiving surface and the heat giving off surface. The highest value of the thermal power was obtained when ribbing in the form of a lattice was used on both of these surfaces, and the lowest when using flat surfaces.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 4; 93-96
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ultrasonic Testing of Vermicular Cast Iron Microstructure
    Autorzy:
    Tupaj, M.
    Orłowicz, A. W.
    Mróz, M.
    Kupiec, B.
    Pająk, D.
    Kawiński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837866.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    vermiculatization method
    microstructure
    ultrasonic testing
    graphite precipitation surface density
    żeliwo wermikularne
    wermikulatyzacja
    mikrostruktura
    badanie ultradźwiękowe
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of a study on the effect of passage of time on magnesium content in iron alloys and the effect of magnesium content on the number of vermicular graphite precipitations per unit surface area and value of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity for two different vermicularization methods. The study was carried out with the use of inspection bar castings. For specific production conditions, it has been found that in case of application of both the cored wire injection method and the method of pouring liquid metal over magnesium master alloy on ladle bottom, the satisfactory level of magnesium content in the bottom-pour ladle, for which it was still possible to obtain castings with vermicular graphite, was 0.018% Mg. In case of the cored wire injection method, the “time window” available to a pouring station at which castings of vermicular cast iron are expected to be obtained, was about 5 minutes. This corresponds to the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity values exceeding 5500 m/s and the number of graphite precipitations per unit surface area above 320 mm-2. In case of the master alloy method, the respective “time window” allowing to obtain castings of vermicular cast iron was only about 3 minutes long. This corresponds to the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity value above 5400 m/s and the number of graphite precipitations per unit surface area above 380 mm-2.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 4; 36-40
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The structure and mechanical properties of pearlitic-ferritic vermicular cast iron
    Autorzy:
    Guzik, E.
    Kopyciński, D.
    Kleingartner, T.
    Sokolnicki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382402.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo wermikularne
    osnowa pearlityczno ferrytyczna
    drut proszkowy
    właściwości mechaniczne
    vermicular cast iron
    pearlitic feritic matrix
    Tundish + Cored Wire method
    Opis:
    The results of studies on the use of magnesium alloy in modern Tundish + Cored Wire injection method for production of vermicular graphite cast irons were described. The injection of Mg Cored Wire length is a treatment method which can be used to process iron melted in an electric induction furnace. This paper describes the results of using a high-magnesium ferrosilicon alloy in cored wire for the production of vermicular graphite cast irons at the; Tundish + Cored Wire to be injected methods (PE) for pearlitic-ferritic matrix GJV with about 25 % ferrite content. The results of calculations and experiments have indicated the length of the Cored Wire to be injected basing on the initial sulfur content and weight of the treated melt. The paper presents a microstructure matrix and vermicular graphite in standard sample and different walled castings. The results of numerous trials have shown that the magnesium Tundish + PE Method process can produce high quality vermicular graphite irons under the specific industrial conditions of the above mentioned foundries.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1; 33-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial Analysis of the Surface Layer of AVGI Cast Iron Subject to Abrasion
    Autorzy:
    Jakubus, Aneta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127510.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular cast iron
    abrasion resistance
    austempering
    abrasion of cast iron
    surface layer
    AVGI
    żeliwo wermikularne
    odporność na ścieranie
    hartowanie
    ścieralność
    warstwa wierzchnia
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of research on the abrasion resistance of cast iron with vermicular graphite in the as-cast state and after austempering (the latter material is referred to as AVGI – Austempered Vermicular Graphite Iron). Austenitization was carried out at the temperature values of either 900°C or 960°C, and austempering at the temperature values of either 290°C and or 390°C. Both the austenitization and the austempering time was equal to 90 minutes. The change of the pearlitic-ferritic matrix to the ausferritic one resulted in an increase in mechanical properties. Abrasion tests were conducted by means of the T-01M pin-on-disc tribometer. The counter-sample (i.e. the disc) was made of the JT6500 friction material. Each sample was subject to abrasion over a sliding distance of 4000 m. The weight losses of both samples and counter-samples were determined by the gravimetric method. It was found that the vermicular cast iron austenitized at 900°C and austempered at 290°C was characterized by the lowest wear among the evaluated cast iron types. The geometric structure of the surface layer after the dry friction test exhibited irregular noticeable grooves, distinct oriented abrasion traces, plastic flow of the material, microcracks, and pits generated by tearing out the abraded material. The largest surface roughness was found for the AVGI cast iron heat-treated according to the variant 3 (Tγ =900 ºC; Tpi = 390°C), while the smallest one occurred in AVGI cast iron subject to either the variant 2 (Tγ =960 ºC; Tpi = 290°C) or the variant 4 (Tγ =900 ºC; Tpi = 290°C) of heat treatment and was equal to either 2.5 μm or 2.66 μm, respectively. It can be seen that the surface roughness decreases with the decrease in the austempering temperature.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 2; 50--56
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena wybranych właściwości żeliwa z grafitem wermikularnym hartowanego z przemianą izotermiczną (AVCI)
    Evaluation of selected properties in austempered vermicular cast iron (AVCI)
    Autorzy:
    Pytel, A.
    Gazda, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    żeliwo z grafitem wermikularnym
    żeliwo wermikularne hartowane z przemianą izotermiczną
    struktura
    badania wytrzymałościowe
    badania dylatometryczne
    vermicular cast iron
    austempered vermicular cast iron
    AVCI
    structure
    strength testing
    dilatometer testing
    Opis:
    Przedstawiono próby otrzymania żeliwa wermikularnego hartowanego z przemianą izotermiczną (AVCI – Austempered Vermicular Cast Iron) oraz wyniki badań tego żeliwa. Obejmują one metodykę wytopów, strukturę żeliwa przed i po hartowaniu izotermicznym, właściwości mechaniczne i badania dylatometryczne.
    The work herein presents the tests to produce austempered vermicular cast iron (AVCI – Austempered Vermicular Cast Iron) and the results of examination of the produced AVCI. The work includes the methodology of heats, the structure of the AVCI before and after austempering, mechanical properties and dilatometer testing.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2014, T. 54, nr 4, 4; 23-31
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Chromium on the Solidification Process and Microstructure of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron
    Autorzy:
    Gumienny, G.
    Dondzbach, M.
    Kacprzyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    theory of crystallization
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    crystallization
    TDA method
    teoria krystalizacji
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    proces krystalizacji
    metoda ATD
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of chromium concentration on the solidification process, microstructure and selected properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite. The vermicular graphite cast iron was obtained by an Inmold process. Studies covered the cast iron containing chromium in a concentration at which graphite is still able to preserve its vermicular form. The effect of chromium on the temperature of eutectic crystallization and on the temperature of the start and end of austenite transformation was discussed. The conditions under which, at a predetermined chromium concentration, the vermicular graphite cast iron of a pearlitic matrix is obtained were presented, and the limit concentration of chromium was calculated starting from which partial solidification of the cast iron in a metastable system takes place. The effect of chromium on the hardness of cast iron, microhardness of individual phases and surface fraction of carbides was disclosed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 29-34
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Thin-Walled Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings
    Autorzy:
    Górny, M.
    Kawalec, M.
    Sikora, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380738.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative materials
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    cooling rate
    thermal analysis
    microstructure
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    materiały innowacyjne
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    chłodzenie
    analiza termiczna
    mikrostruktura
    Opis:
    This article addresses the effect of cooling rate and of titanium additions on the microstructure of thin-walled vermicular graphite iron (TWCI) castings as determined by changing molding media, section size and Ferro Titanium. The research work was carried out on TWCI castings and reference castings of 2-5 mm and 13-mm wall thickness, respectively. Various molding materials were employed (silica sand and insulating sand ‘‘LDASC’’) to achieve different cooling rates. Thermal analysis was implemented for determinations of the actual cooling rates at the onset of solidification. This study shows that the cooling rates exhibited in the TWCI castings varies widely (70- 14oC/s) when the wall thickness is changed from 2 to 5 mm. In turn, this is accompanied by a significant variation in the vermicular graphite fraction. The resultant cooling rates were effectively reduced by applying an insulating sand in order to obtain the desired vermicular graphite shape. In addition, good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions of the solidification process and the experimental outcome. Ti additions in combination with LDASC sand molds were highly effective in promoting the development of over 80 % vermicular graphite in castings with wall thicknesses of 2 and 3 mm as evidenced by quantitative metallographic analyses.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 139-142
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improvement of Operating Performance of a Cast-Iron Heat Exchanger by Application of a Copper Alloy Coating
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, M.
    Orłowicz, A. W.
    Tupaj, M.
    Jacek-Burek, M.
    Radoń, M.
    Kawiński, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380088.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicular graphite cast iron
    CuTi2Cr coating
    heat flow rate
    heat exchanger
    improvement of performance
    żeliwo grafitowe wermikularne
    powłoka CuTi2Cr
    natężenie przepływu ciepła
    wymiennik ciepła
    poprawa wydajności
    Opis:
    The paper deals with possibility to improve operating performance of cast-iron heat exchangers by providing them with a copper alloy (CuTi2Cr) with the use of the flame spraying method. A test exchanger was cast of a gray cast iron with vermicular graphite in ferritic-pearlitic matrix obtained in production conditions at KAW-MET Iron Foundry with the wire method used to vermicularize the material. The test samples were two plates cast in sand molds, of which one was given a flame-sprayed CuTi2Cr coat on one side. The operating performance of such model cast-iron heat exchangers, with and without CuTi2Cr coating, was tested on a set-up for determining the heat flow rate (thermal power) transferred by the heat exchanger to environment. The obtained results indicate that the value of the heat flow rate characterizing the CuTi2Cr-coated cast-iron heat exchanger was by 10% higher compared to the flow rate of heat conveyed to environment by the heat exchanger without coating.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 3; 84-87
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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