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Tytuł:
Natura na planie miasta. Z doświadczeń odtwarzania układu urbanistycznego Dolska z przełomu XVI i XVII wieku
Nature on the Town Plan: Experiences From the Reconstruction of the Urban Planning of Dolsk of the Turn of the 16th and 17th Centuries
Autorzy:
Słomski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1119745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
small towns
historical geography
cartography
gardens
early modern period
Polish Historical Atlas
Opis:
The article concerns the presence of nature in pre-industrial towns. I address here the problems I encountered when recreating the urban layout of Dolsk, an averagesized town in Greater Poland belonging to the bishops of Poznan in the Old Polish period, at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. This problem concerned showing the socio-economic character of the city. The reproduction constitutes part of Greater Poland’s volume of the series of the Historical Atlas of Poland. The search for the presence of nature in cities was based on a query in written sources from the first half of the 17th century and on the basis of the oldest known and preserved city map from the end of the 18th century. The reference to natural elements in Dolsk is associated with the presence of home gardens, which constitute a kind of natural arrangement. Most often they appear when describing a real estate that was the subject of purchase/sale transactions between burghers of Dolsk or when loans were secured on a real estate. Gardens were located on plots, which constituted the basic unit of the ownership division of the urban space. However, they were not always mentioned in the descriptions of transactions. Most often they appeared at the houses that were built on plots limited from the back by the lakes surrounding Dolsk or passed into suburban areas. However, also in the case of plots that bordered with other plots from the back, one may find information about the presence of a garden on such a plot. The presence of gardens at the back of the plots in Dolsk was also registered on the oldest preserved city map of 1794–1796. Both this fact and the forwarding of elements of nature inside town walls on plans of perspective towns from the early modern period means that marking gardens on the reconstruction of the spatial arrangement seems necessary, especially in the case of towns of the size and character of Dolsk. This makes it necessary to reflect upon the methodology of creating historical maps of old towns. The simplest solution would be to create a generalized, simplified visualization of the urban space based on data taken from the oldest town plan, but not merely from a simple redrawing of the border between the residential-economic zone and the garden zone. However, not being able to mark these borders precisely on the basis of data from written sources from the 17th century, one should adopt a conventional method of marking these zones. However, this requires further reflection on the methodological concepts of modern cartography and their use to create historical maps showing the reconstruction of spatial systems of towns in the pre-industrial period. It seems that further work on a similar way of marking the space of urban plots in average-size and small towns will allow to develop a model of cartographic presentation that will better reflect the character of the space of towns such as Dolsk.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 169-204
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Internetowa '' mała kartografia ''
Internet '' small cartography ''
Autorzy:
Opach, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
Tematy:
"mała kartografia"
kartografia internetowa
mapa elektroniczna
mapa interaktywna
e-learning
Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie
''small cartography''
Internet cartography
electronic map
interactive map
Wilanów Palace Museum
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest interaktywnej i animowanej "małej kartografii" internetowej. Na początku przedstawiono charakterystykę tego rodzaju map oraz omówiono najczęściej spotykane opracowania. W dalszej części autor skupia uwagę na problemach redakcyjnych. Za najważniejszą przyczynę trudności opracowania efektywnej mapy autor uważa nieokreśloną grupę odbiorców. Ten czynnik określa mianem rafy "małej kartografii" internetowej. Jako przykład problemów redakcyjnych podaje opracowanie mapy Granice Rzeczypospolitej przeznaczonej do e-learningu realizowanego przez warszawskie Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie.
Increasing number of maps published on the Internet, which can be considered electronic equivalents of 'small cartography', brings on a discussion on the topie of such publications and their practical uses. Internet 'small cartography' are, generally speaking, maps addressed to wide audience, and they usually illustrate a text. Such maps are comprehensible and characterized by a relatively Iow level of interactivity. They are often quite advanced graphically and their contents is presented synthetically rather than analytically. They display high level of generalization. Maps which constitute internet 'small cartography' can be divided into four groups: 1) maps on the internet information sites including sites of magazines and TV stations, 2) maps on weather forecast sites, 3) maps on popular science sites, 4) maps on other sites including those of institutions, organizations, services, products, events, etc. This division is strictly conventional and is not an attempt at classification. Because of an undefined group of readers, elaboration of a successful internet map requires advanced skills, wide knowledge and experience on the side of a cartographer who doesn't know his audience. Graphic hierarchy and esthetic sense are essential for the optimization of such comprehensible map. During the editing process the author should consider if the map's efficiency can be sacrificed to make it comprehensible. Skillful use of interactivity is another factor which affects comprehensibility. Vector graphics became the unquestioned standard of elaboration and publication of interactive online maps. Flash is the most widespread technology applied for interactive and animated maps, which constitute the internet 'small cartography'. Difficulties in preparation of internet 'smali cartography' can be seen in an example of problems which emerged during the elaboration of the map titled Granice Rzeczypospolitej (Borders of the Republic) destined for e-learning project of Wilanów Palace Museum in 2007 (http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/index.php?id =982&menuid=227). Editing of internet 'small cartography' maps is a seemingly simple task. However, those preparing an internet map should not only have wide geographic knowledge, be familiar with cartographic methodology and have experience, but should also know computer techniques, most of all graphic programs. The key to an effective and visually attractive map is the esthetic sense without which the elaboration of a 'fine' map is impossible. Cartography is, at the same time, a science, an art and a craft and the internet 'small cartography' confirms this view. Without acknowledging it a proper map cannot be created. This is the reason why it is so difficult to prepare a good online map and why so few of them can be considered successful.
Źródło:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2008, T. 40, nr 2, 2; 128-143
0324-8321
Pojawia się w:
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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