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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Water balances in the smaller drainage areas of the Tywa River basin (1961-1990)
    Bilanse wodne zlewni cząstkowych dorzecza rzeki Tywa (1961-1990)
    Autorzy:
    Jezierski, G.
    Zygas, M.
    Zajner, Z.
    Zych, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84817.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1999
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
    Tematy:
    water balance
    smaller drainage area
    Tywa River
    river basin
    drainage
    hydrology
    Źródło:
    Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 1999, 03
    1643-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Procesy pochłaniania wilgoci z otoczenia i wysychania na przykładzie wierzchnich warstw form odlewniczych
    Moisture Sorption and Desorption Processes on the Example of Moulding Sands’ Surface Layers
    Autorzy:
    Kaźnica, N.
    Zych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383349.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    forma piaskowa
    warstwa wierzchnia
    masa formierska
    pochłanianie wilgoci
    wysychanie formy
    sand mould
    surface layer
    moulding sand
    moisture absorption
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badania procesów: pochłaniania wilgoci z otoczenia oraz wysychania wierzchnich warstw form piaskowych. Badania obejmowały trzy rodzaje mas formierskich – jedną ze spoiwem nieorganicznym (uwodniony krzemian sodu) i dwie ze spoiwami organicznymi (żywica furfurylowa oraz żywica alkidowa). Badania sorpcji prowadzono na prototypowym stanowisku badawczym pozwalającym na utrzymanie stałej, wysokiej temperatury otoczenia (28–33 °C) oraz wilgotności względnej powietrza powyżej 95%. Badania desorpcji prowadzono na analogicznym stanowisku badawczym zapewniającym odpowiednio niższe wartości wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz temperatury. W obu przypadkach wykorzystano metodę grawimetryczną. Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych wyników wykazano, że wierzchnie warstwy form odlewniczych pochłaniają wilgoć z otoczenia z różną intensywnością, uzależnioną między innymi od ich składu. Jednocześnie, wszystkie zawilgocone badane masy poddane procesowi wysychania oddawały wilgoć do otoczenia. Krzywe sorpcji i desorpcji nie pokrywają się. W przypadku desorpcji zawartość końcowa wilgoci w wierzchnich warstwach form odlewniczych jest większa dla wszystkich badanych mas, niezależnie od rodzaju masy formierskiej.
    The results of investigations of the sorption and desorption process of surface layers of sand moulds are presented in the paper. Investigations comprised three kinds of moulding sands with one inorganic binder (hydrated sodium silicate) and two organic binders: (furfuryl resin and alkyd resin). Tests of sorption process were performed on the prototype research stand allowing to maintain a constant, high temperature of surroundings (28–33 °C) and the relative air humidity above 95%. Tests of desorption process were performed on the analogical research stand ensuring lower value of temperature and the air humidity. The gravimetric method was applied in both measurements. On the bases of achieved results it was shown that surface layers of sand moulds absorb water vapour from surroundings with various intensity which is determined of the chemical composition. Simultaneously, all of the moistened moulding sands which were subjected to the drying process were given moisture to the surroundings back. Sorption and desorption processes curves do not coincide. In case of desorption process the moisture content in the surface layers of all the tested moulding sands is higher irrespective of the kind of moulding sand.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 63-66
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Plasticity Changes of Moulding Sands with Chemical Binders Caused by Increasing the Hardening Degree
    Autorzy:
    Matonis, N.
    Zych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134207.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The results of investigations of plasticity of moulding sands with binders obtained by measuring deflection angles in the single point bend test in dependence on their hardening degree are presented in the hereby paper. Shaped samples made of moulding sands obtained in the technology with urea-furfuryl resin Furanol FR75A and in the technology with water glass, were subjected to various tests. Shaped samples were made on the quartz matrix of a medium grains size =0,29 . Investigations were performed for the resin content being 1% and 2%, at a constant proportion of a hardener versus resin - equal 60%. In the case of sands from the technology with water glass, investigations were performed for 3.5% of water glass versus sand matrix and 0.35% of Flodur. Plasticity tests were carried out with using the strength machine with a continuous recording of a sample deflection value. Measurements of deflection angles values in the bend test were performed on a series of simultaneously made samples at constant time intervals from the moment of their making. To determine the sand hardening degree the ultrasound technique was applied, according to the previously developed methodology [1]. Every time from the obtained results the characteristic of the growing stress as a function of deflection was prepared (). In addition, for the tested group of moulding sands, empirical relationships between the maximum deflection angle (αmax) in the bend test and the hardening degree were determined (Sx): α = f(Sx).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 2; 71--76
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigations of the Sorption Process’ Kinetics of Sand Moulds’ Surface Layers under Conditions of a High Air Humidity
    Autorzy:
    Kaźnica, N.
    Zych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sand mould
    surface layer
    moisture sorption
    furan moulding sands
    alkyd moulding sands
    water glass
    forma piaskowa
    warstwa powierzchniowa
    sorpcja wilgoci
    furanowa masa formierska
    szkło wodne
    Opis:
    The results of investigations of the sorption process of surface layers of sand moulds under conditions of a high air humidity are presented in the paper. Investigations comprised three kinds of moulding sands with inorganic and organic binders: moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate with furfuryl resin and with alkyd resin. Tests were performed on the prototype research stand allowing to maintain a constant, high temperature of surroundings (28–33°C) and the relative air humidity (above 95%). The gravimetric method was applied in measurements. The proposed method allows to assess the amount of water which permeates by the area unit of surface layers of sand moulds into their insides. Knowledge of such parameter allows to select the proper storage conditions of casting moulds waiting for being poured with liquid metals. This can limit the occurrence of surface defects which are caused by too high humidity of casting moulds.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3 spec.; 29-32
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effectiveness of Protective Action of Coatings from Moisture Sorption into Surface Layer of Sand Moulds
    Autorzy:
    Kaźnica, N.
    Zych, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354937.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    surface layer
    furan moulding sands
    protective coatings
    moisture sorption
    Opis:
    The results of investigations of the sorption process of surface layers of sand moulds covered by zirconium and zirconium - graphite alcohol coatings are presented in the paper. Investigations comprised two kinds of sand grains (silica sand and reclaimed sand) of moulding sand with furan resin. Tests were performed under conditions of a high relative air humidity 75-85% and a constant temperature within the range 28–33°C. To evaluate the effectiveness of coatings protective action from moisture penetration into surface layers of sand moulds gravimetric method of quantitavie moisture sorption and ultrasonic method were applied in measurements. The optimal number and kind of coatings from the viewpoint of protection from moisture sorption were specified for furan moulding sands with quartz sand and reclaimed sand as well. Knowledge of proper coatings selection is important due to protection from high air humidity and its adverse effects. What is more, it can allow to select the proper storage conditions of casting moulds waiting for being poured with liquid metals. This can limit the occurrence of surface defects which are caused by too high humidity of casting moulds, especially in surface layer.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2111-2116
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza procesu wysychania zawilgoconych warstw wierzchnich form i rdzeni piaskowych na przykładzie masy ze szkłem wodnym
    Analysis of the drying process of moistened surface layers of sand moulds and cores on the example of moulding sand with water glass
    Autorzy:
    Kaźnica, N.
    Zych, J.
    Kolczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391442.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    formy piaskowe
    warstwy wierzchnie
    wysychanie
    szkło wodne
    sand moulds
    surface layers
    drying
    water glass
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono analizę procesu wysychania warstw wierzchnich piaskowych form i rdzeni odlewniczych (wykonanych z formierskiej sypkiej masy samoutwardzalnej z uwodnionym krzemianem sodu utwardzanej ciekłym utwardzaczem estrowym) poddanych uprzednio procesowi pochłaniania wilgoci. Po 12-godzinnym procesie sorpcji wilgoci z otoczenia w warunkach wysokiej wilgotności względnej powietrza (powyżej 85%) oraz temperatury (28−33°C) analizowano proces wysychania (desorpcji) powierzchniowych warstw form i rdzeni odlewniczych w warunkach odpowiednio niższych wartości temperatury i wilgotności na przykładzie masy ze szkłem wodnym. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę grawimetryczną. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wykazano, że zawilgocone powierzchniowe warstwy wysychają z różną intensywnością, uzależnioną od warunków otoczenia oraz rozmiarów ziarna osnowy piaskowej (porów międzyziarnowych). Wiedza na temat przebiegu zarówno procesu sorpcji, jak i desorpcji wilgoci przez wierzchnie warstwy elementów form piaskowych jest niezbędna do zapobiegania powstawaniu powierzchniowych wad odlewów, pojawiających się okresowo w odlewniach.
    An analysis of the drying process of surface layers of sand moulds and cores (made of loose self-hardening moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened with a liquid ester hardener) which was previously subjected to the process of moisture sorption is presented in the hereby paper. After a 12-hour process of moisture sorption from the environment under conditions of high relative air humidity (over 85%) as well as temperature (28−33°C), an analysis was performed using the drying (desorption) process on the surface layers of sand moulds and cores under conditions of lower values of temperature and humidity on the example of water glass moulding sand. The investigations involved the use of the gravimetric method. Based on the obtained results, it was demonstrated that the moistened surface layers dry up with different intensities depending on the environmental conditions as well as the size of the sand grains (intergranular pores). The knowledge of the course of both the sorption and desorption of moisture by surface layers of sand mould components is necessary to prevent the formation of casting surface defects, which periodically appear in foundries.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 1; 29-38
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kinetics of Gases Emission from Surface Layers of Sand Moulds
    Autorzy:
    Zych, J.
    Mocek, J.
    Kaźnica, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382829.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    moulding sand
    surface layer
    gases
    kinetics of gas emission
    chemical binders
    piasek formierski
    warstwa powierzchniowa
    gazy
    emisja gazów
    środki wiążące
    Opis:
    Gas emission from casting moulds, cores and coatings applied for sand and permanent moulds is one of the fundamental reasons of casting defects occurrence. In the previous studies, gas emission was measured in two ways: normalized, in which the evolving gas volume was measured during heating of the moulding sand sample in a sealed flask, or by measuring the amount of gas from sand core (sample) which is produced during the pouring of liquid metal. After the pouring process the sand mould is heated very unequally, the most heated areas are layers adjacent to the liquid metal. The emission of gas is significantly larger from the surface layer than from the remaining ones. New, original method of measuring kinetics of gas emission from very thin layers of sand moulds heated by liquid metal developed by the authors is presented in the hereby paper. Description of this new method and the investigation results of kinetics of gas emission from moulding sand with furan and alkyd resin are shown. Liquid grey cast iron and Al-Si alloy were used as a heat source in the sand moulds. Comparison of the kinetics of gas emission of these two kinds of moulding sands filled with two different alloys was made. The momentary metal temperature in sand mould was assigned to the kinetics of gas emission, what creates a full view of the possibility of formation of casting defects of the gaseous origin. Moulding sand with alkyd resin is characterized by larger gas emission; however gases are emitted slower than in the case of moulding sands with furan resin. This new investigation method has a high repeatability and is the only one which gives a full view of phenomenon’s in the surface layer which determines quality of the casings. The obtained results are presented on several graphs and analyzed in detail. They have a great application value and can be used in the production of iron as well as light metal alloy castings.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 222-226
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gases Emission From Surface Layers of Sand Moulds and Cores Stored Under the Humid Air Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Kaźnica, N.
    Zych, J.
    Mocek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381317.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    surface layer
    sand mould
    emission of gases
    high air humidity
    moulding sand
    chemical binder
    warstwa wierzchnia
    forma piaskowa
    emisja gazów
    wysoka wilgotność powietrza
    masa formierska
    spoiwo chemiczne
    Opis:
    A large number of defects of castings made in sand moulds is caused by gases. There are several sources of gases: gases emitted from moulds, cores or protective coatings during pouring and casting solidification; water in moulding sands; moisture adsorbed from surroundings due to atmospheric conditions changes. In investigations of gas volumetric emissions of moulding sands amounts of gases emitted from moulding sand were determined - up to now - in dependence of the applied binders, sand grains, protective coatings or alloys used for moulds pouring. The results of investigating gas volumetric emissions of thin-walled sand cores poured with liquid metal are presented in the hereby paper. They correspond to the surface layer in the mould work part, which is decisive for the surface quality of the obtained castings. In addition, cores were stored under conditions of a high air humidity, where due to large differences in humidity, the moisture - from surroundings - was adsorbed into the surface layer of the sand mould. Due to that, it was possible to asses the influence of the adsorbed moisture on the gas volumetric emission from moulds and cores surface layers by means of the new method of investigating the gas emission kinetics from thin moulding sand layers heated by liquid metal. The results of investigations of kinetics of the gas emission from moulding sands with furan and alkyd resins as well as with hydrated sodium silicate (water glass) are presented. Kinetics of gases emissions from these kinds of moulding sands poured with Al-Si alloy were compared.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 79-84
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Control of Selected Properties of „Vari-Morph” (VM) Cast Iron by Means of the Graphite form Influence, Described by the Mean Shape Indicator
    Autorzy:
    Zych, J.
    Myszka, M.
    Kaźnica, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382206.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    VARI-MORPH cast iron
    graphite shape indicator
    heat fatigue
    control of selected properties
    żeliwo VARI-MORPH
    wskaźnik kształtu
    zmęczenie cieplne
    kontrola wybranych właściwości
    Opis:
    The graphite form in cast iron is the structure parameter deciding on its all physical and mechanical properties. Three basic forms of graphite: flake, vermicular (compact) and nodular (spheroidal) are singled out in standard cast iron grades, without a heat treatment. Standards of individual grades of cast iron the most often allow only the homogeneous graphite form, sometimes with addition of 5÷10% of the other form. The interesting and - in the authors opinion - future-oriented material can constitute cast iron in which various forms of graphite are present, e.g. in comparative amounts: spherical and vermicular cast irons. Cast iron within which graphite occurs in two or three forms was named „Vari-Morph” (VM) cast iron, i.e. the one in which spherical and vermicular or vermicular and flake graphite occur in a wide range of proportions. The results of investigations of these new cast iron grades and their properties are presented in the hereby paper.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 3; 43-48
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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