Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Zaleski, Janusz" wg kryterium: Autor


Tytuł:
Ocena wpływu Narodowego Planu Rozwoju Polski na lata 2004-2006 na gospodarkę przy zastosowaniu modelu HERMIN
Assessment of the Impact of the National Development Plan 2004-2006 on the Economy by Means of the HERMIN Model
Autorzy:
Bradley, John
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-07-25
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Opis:
Poland’s potential accession to the European Union has necessitated a preparation and presentation to the European Commission of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2004-2006 - the primary document programming the use of structural funds in Poland within the framework of implementation of the EU cohesion policy. Presentation of ex-ante assessment of the macroeconomic effect of NDP realisation on the economy is an integral part of the programming document. For this reason, a Polish implementation of the macroeconomic HERMIN model has been developed. This model was, for the mentioned purposes, applied to European Union areas subject to the cohesion policy, i.e. to Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Greece and to eastern Lands (Lander) of Germany. At present, it has also been prepared for application to the candidate countries, such as the Czech Republic, Latvia, Estonia or Slovenia. The study briefly characterises the theoretical foundations of the HERMIN model and its Polish implementation to the ex-ante assessment of the impact of Poland’s National Development Plan (NDP) 2004-2006 realization on the Polish economy. Consequently, analyses of financial transfers associated with NDP realisation were carried out, taking into account both their breakdown into specific years of the 2004-2009 period, and their breakdown into three major categories: investment in infrastructure, investment in human capital and support for enterprise development. On this basis, simulations for the period up to 2010 were made for two alternative scenarios: the first - assuming Poland’s accession to the EU on 1 May 2004 and implementation of the NDP 2004-2006 and, the second - assuming Poland’s staying outside the EU structure and no implementation of the NDP. The results have been presented as a differential between these two scenarios for such parameters as: GDP growth, unemployment level, production and productivity in the analysed sectors of the economy, i.e. manufacturing, services, agriculture and the public sector, the public sector deficit, consumption, prices and wages. The results are shown as an effect caused exclusively by the EU structural funds, and jointly by the EU funds and Polish public funds within the NDP 2004-2006. Additionally, results of simulations are presented for continued EU support in the years 2007-2013 in the form of another NDP with an annual average support level of 2% and 2.5% of GDP. The results of simulation have been supplemented with an analysis of sensitivity to deviation from the adopted assumptions. At the same time, the study indicates directions for further efforts towards the model’s improvement and its extension into the economies of particular regions of Poland as instruments for analysing the problems involved with regional development, which have to be solved with support o EU Structural Funds, as well as national cofinancing of the public and private sectors.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2003, 185, 7-8; 18-46
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cloning of the Haemophilus influenzae Dam methyltransferase and analysis of its relationship to the Dam methyltransferase encoded by the HP1 phage.
Autorzy:
Bujnicki, Janusz
Radlińska, Monika
Zaleski, Piotr
Piekarowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
protein structure
sequence specificity
DNA methyltransferase
bioinformatics
molecular evolution
Opis:
In this paper we report cloning and experimental characterization of the DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam) gene from Haemophilus influenzae and comparison of ts product with the Dam protein from the lysogenic phage of H. influenzae, HP1. Molecular modeling of M.HinDam and M.HP1Dam was carried out, providing a framework for a comparative analysis of these enzymes and their close homologs in the tructural context. Both proteins share the common fold and essential cofactor-bind ng and catalytic residues despite overall divergence. However, subtle but significant differences in the cofactor-binding pocket have been identified. Moreover, while M.HinDam seems to contact its target DNA sequence using a number of loops, most of them are missing from M.HP1Dam. Analysis of both MTases suggests that their catalytic activity was derived from a common ancestor, but similar sequence specificities rose by convergence.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2001, 48, 4; 969-983
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criteria for identifying maximum rainfall determined by the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method under the Polish Atlas of Rainfall Intensities (PANDa) project
Autorzy:
Burszta-Adamiak, Ewa
Licznar, Paweł
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rainfall model
Intensity-Duration-Frequency
IDF
Depth-Duration-Frequency
DDF
extreme value theory
EVT
Opis:
Determination of rainfall maxima from long-term series is one of the more important tasks in urban hydrology. These maxima are useful both in designing land drainage systems and for flood protection in a catchment. The identification of rainfall maxima for the hierarchy of rainfall durations from 5 min to 4 320 min is a fundamental stage of the creation of the first version of the Polish Atlas of Rainfall Intensities (PANDa), which will ultimately be a source of updated and reliable information on design rainfall intensities for designing and modeling rainwater drainage and retention systems in Poland. One of the methods for identifying extreme rainfall events is to use criteria for selecting rainfall based on their depth for a given rainfall frequency and duration. Existing national experience in this respect is based on the results of analyses usually conducted with regard to records from single weather stations. This article presents the results of a study designed to verify the usefulness of the literature-based criteria for identifying rainfall maxima using the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method at a much broader nationwide scale. The study analyzed data from a previously created digital database of rainfall series, which includes 3 000 stationyears (consisting of a 30-year measurement series from 100 weather stations of the Institute of Meteorology and the Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB). The study results show that as far as the investigated measurement series are concerned, the criteria based on the literature sources have limited application and can only be used for identifying the largest short-duration rainfall events. To determine rainfall maxima for all of the time intervals analyzed (from 5 minutes to 3 days), it was necessary to develop our own criteria that would allow the methodology for identifying extreme rainfall events to be standardized for all 100 stations.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2019, 7, 1; 3-13
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Managing water – challenges for Poland
Autorzy:
Kundzewicz, (Red.) Zbigniew
Zaleski, Janusz
Nachlik, Elżbieta
Januchta-Szostak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1916725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
water management
Polska
hazards
water in urban areas
water in rural areas
education
Opis:
The scope of water management is to meet water demand by supplying water to the population and to the national economy; to provide water to the users in such sectors as agriculture, energy, navigation, tourism and recreation, as well as the environment; and to warrant water safety (including protection against floods and droughts). Health and well-being of the Polish population depends on the quality of the environment, therein access to water in adequate quantity and quality. The country struggles with management of low water resources whose quality is still inadequate. The present paper, co-authored by numerous Polish experts, leaders in research and in practice, presents a critical view on the water management in Poland. Among the specific topical areas covered by this paper are: water needs, policies and legislation, as well as governance. The authors specify recommendations for a range of necessary, and urgent, actions to be taken by decision makers and politicians, who are responsible for formulation of appropriate principles and their implementation. Development of adequate legal framework at various spatial levels (EU, national, regional, local, as well as at the river basin scale) is of essential importance for warranting people’s well-being. It is necessary to establish control aimed at keeping the subtle balance between the governance, legal acts, and adequate financing.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2021, 1
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges of Future EU Cohesion Policy
Przyszła polityka spójności UE - wyzwania
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-10-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
polityka spójności
interwencja strukturalna UE
globalne i europejskie megatrendy
rozwój regionalny
cohesion policy
EU structural intervention
global and European megatrends
regional development
Opis:
W UE rozpoczęto debatę na temat kształtu europejskiej polityki spójności (EPS) po roku 2020. Uwarunkowania wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne dla tej debaty są niekorzystne. Globalny kryzys ekonomiczny, który wystąpił po 2007 r., szczególnie dotkliwie dotknął Unię Europejską, zwłaszcza regiony słabe ekonomicznie i peryferyjne. Należy dodać do tego kryzys związany z uchodźcami, wzrost zagrożenia terrorystycznego i dążenia anty integracyjne. Stwarza to wyjątkowe wyzwanie dla przyszłości UE, a w szczególności dla EPS. Celem artykułu jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi, jak ukształtować wyróżnioną strefę interwencji strukturalnej przy występowaniu wskazanych uwarunkowań zewnętrznych i dopasować ją do zmieniających się potrzeb. Artykuł przedstawia kluczowe elementy EPS, rzeczywiste procesy zachodzące w układzie terytorialnym UE i wskazuję na konieczność wzmocnienia terytorialnego wymiaru EPS. Ponieważ EPS wymaga udoskonalenia w artykule przedstawiono analizę i rekomendacje w zakresie zwiększenia jej kreatywności i elastyczności, niezbędnych uproszczeń w jej wdrażaniu i zwiększaniu jej efektywności. Artykuł przedstawia również problem finansowania EPS w aspektach: udziału w globalnym budżecie UE, kryteriów alokacji funduszy i terytorialnego wymiaru interwencji strukturalnej. Komplementarność i logika interwencji dla poszczególnych Europejskich Funduszy Strukturalnych i Inwestycyjnych jest zaprezentowana. W konkluzjach zawarto rekomendacje dotyczące procesu kształtowania polityki spójności po roku 2020.
A debate on the shape of European Cohesion Policy (ECP) post-2020 has already started in the European Union. It is being waged amid unfavorable conditions, both internal and external. The global economic crisis that erupted after 2007 had a particularly strong effect on the EU, especially its weak and peripheral regions. In addition, Europe has faced a refugee crisis, an increased terrorism threat and anti-integration trends. All this poses a dramatic challenge to the future of the European Union, including ECP. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how to configure this sphere of the European Union’s structural intervention and adjust it to changing needs under adverse external and internal conditions. The paper describes the key features of ECP and real processes in the EU’s territorial systems. It also indicates the need to strengthen the territorial dimension of ECP. As ECP requires continued improvement, the paper presents an analysis and recommendations for greater creativity and flexibility of ECP, combined with necessary simplifications and increased effectiveness. Further on, the paper describes how ECP is financed in terms of its share of the EU budget, fund allocation criteria and the territorial scope of EU structural intervention. The complementarity and logic of interventions under individual European Structural and Investment Funds are analyzed. The final section of the paper presents recommendations on how cohesion policy should be shaped after 2020.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2017, 291, 5; 31-49
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dylematy polityki strukturalnej Unii Europejskiej po roku 2013
The Dilemmas of the European Union’s Structural Policy Beyond 2013
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-03-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
cohesion policy
structural policy
European Union funds
EU budget
Opis:
The paper describes the possible evolution of the European Union’s structural policy in a new policy and budget programming period starting after 2013. The paper consists of an introduction that describes the current situation in this area and follows up with an analysis of conditions resulting from the changing model of the European cohesion policy. A key part of the article is a discussion of some vital problems that should be subject to debate, including the comprehensive nature of structural policy, the “Lisbonization” of the EU’s policies, more effective use of EU funds, territorial cohesion, and the relationship between economic policy and employment in the context of the new structural policy. The authors also define the role of regions and states in this policy and look at the benefits of cohesion policy for environmental protection and natural values. In the final part of the paper, the authors comment on the current organization and course of debate on the reform of cohesion policy and list challenges faced by Poland’s policy makers in the context of European policy reform. The analysis takes into account the EU’s strategic guidelines included in its key documents such as the 2007 Cohesion Report. The authors look at the matter from a Polish perspective and outline Poland’s priorities in the ongoing debate on the need to reform the EU’s structural policy.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 222, 3; 87-103
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kierunki polityki regionalnej w Polsce do roku 2020
Poland’s Regional Policy Agenda Until 2020
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574571.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-10-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
European cohesion policy
regional development
economic
social and territorial cohesion
competitiveness of regions
Opis:
The paper discusses the evolution of regional policy in Poland from 1990 to 2010 and examines guidelines for modifying this policy in 2010-2020. Poland’s entry to the European Union in 2004 and European cohesion policy have had a substantial impact on regional policy in Poland. In recent years new important theoretical inspirations have appeared for regional policymakers, including new economic geography and the economics of location. International organizations such as the OECD, the World Bank and the EU are formulating proposals for a major modification of regional policy in the world. The research method is based on a benchmarking analysis and qualitative assessment of program documents. The results obtained by the researchers point to a shortage of theoretical foundations and the growing importance of regional policy to Poland’s socioeconomic development. Szlachta and Zaleski identify various risks connected with the implementation of a modern regional policy in Poland and formulate a set of questions about the theory of regional policymaking. In the first part of the paper, the authors discuss the experience of regional development programming in Poland since 1990. The next part focuses on the financial and institutional dilemmas of regional policymaking in Poland in the coming years. Later on the authors propose benchmarks for a National Regional Development Strategy until 2020. The paper ends with the formulation of key conclusions, recommendations and questions about the theory of regional policymaking.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 243, 10; 37-56
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Programowanie rozwoju społeczno – gospodarczego w układach makroregionalnych
Socioeconomic Development Programs for Macroregions
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
socioeconomic development
regional policy
macroregions
territorial cohesion
European Union
Opis:
The article focuses on a new approach to socioeconomic development in Poland and the European Union. Special macroregional programs have been adopted for the 2007-2013 period in the EU in connection with the bloc’s territorial cohesion policy. A total of 13 macroregions have been identified, including two covering Poland-the Baltic Sea region and Central and Eastern Europe. The methodology used in the article is based on an analysis of both Polish and EU documents, the authors say. On this basis, Szlachta and Zaleski identified the problems that need to be resolved to take full advantage of the potential of socioeconomic programs in Poland and the EU as a whole. After 2013, the macroregions are expected to play a greater role in the European cohesion policy. Since the local government reform in Poland on Jan. 1, 1999 and the country’s entry to the European Union on May 1, 2004, socioeconomic development has been pursued in Poland not only at the national but also at the provincial level. This model, however, has not made it possible to effectively deal with supra-provincial and interregional problems, according to the authors. A pioneering project for the 2007-2013 period is a Strategy for the Socioeconomic Development of Eastern Poland Through 2020, which covers the five poorest provinces in the country, Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie, and Warmińsko-Mazurskie. The strategy became the basis for a special European Union operational program for eastern Poland for the 2007-2013 period. In the article, Szlachta and Zaleski discuss experiences and conclusions resulting from this projectin the context of the conditions shaping regional policy in Poland and across the European Union. These conditions have changed substantially in recent years, according to the authors. In 2010, local governments in five Polish provinces, Dolnośląskie, Lubuskie, Opolskie, Wielkopolskie, and Zachodniopomorskie, decided to start working on a strategy for western Poland. At the same time, the Polish Ministry of Regional Development, in cooperation with local governments in the eastern provinces, launched work to update the strategy for eastern Poland. In the final section of the article, the authors discuss the ways in such programs could be used to stimulate Poland’s socioeconomic development.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 249, 7-8; 21-46
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategiczne wybory polityki spójności UE po roku 2020 w świetle dokumentów programowych komisji europejskiej
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2021550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cohesion policy
EU structural funds
regional development
economic, social and territorial cohesion
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Źródło:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN; 2018, 183; 213-224
0079-3507
Pojawia się w:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ spójności terytorialnej na zmiany polityki strukturalnej Unii Europejskiej
Territorial Cohesion and Its Impact on the Structural Policy of the European Union
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-04-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
cohesion
structural policy
convergence
European Union
regional development
Opis:
Expenditure on structural policy is the second largest item in the European Union’s budget. Structural funds and the cohesion fund are intended for the bloc’s poorest countries and regions, and their aim is to increase the cohesion of the entire community. Under the EU reform treaty, the traditional model of economic and social cohesion would be expanded to include a third dimension-territorial cohesion. The authors analyze the implications of the introduction of territorial cohesion to European structural policy. They evaluate EU program documents and research in this area. Szlachta and Zaleski set out to explain why the territorial dimension of European structural policy is important to Poland and why European cohesion policy should be modified after 2013. The paper describes the theoretical foundations of European structural policy, paying special attention to the role of regional factors for community-level intervention and the course of convergence processes. Against this background, the authors describe the EU’s regional policy and its territorial dimension over the past 20 years. The paper also discusses the most important conclusions from a public debate on territorial issues in Europe, and mentions issues such as the EU Green Paper on territorial cohesion and its importance for reforming the EU’s structural policy after 2013.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 231, 4; 91-110
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyzwania polskiej polityki regionalnej w kontekście polityki spójności UE po roku 2020
Autorzy:
Szlachta, Jacek
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/583837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
polityka spójności
polityka regionalna
Unia Europejska
rozwój regionalny
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne dla polityki regionalnej w Polsce w okresie kolejnej perspektywy budżetowej Unii Europejskiej po 2020 roku, występujące zarówno w skali światowej, jak też w skali Unii Europejskiej. Podsumowano polskie doświadczenia we wdrażaniu europejskiej polityki spójności oraz związane z tym osiągnięcia gospodarcze, społeczne, przestrzenne, ale także środowiskowe, kulturowe, polityczne, a niekiedy nawet cywilizacyjne tej polityki. Podkreślono konieczność umacniania terytorialnego wymiaru w przyszłej polityce spójności. Wymieniono najważniejsze wyzwania polskiej polityki regionalnej w negocjowaniu przyszłej polityki spójności. Przedstawiono podstawowe wyzwania wewnętrzne dla polityki regionalnej w Polsce warunkujące dostosowanie jej do zmieniających się uwarunkowań globalnych i europejskich.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 498; 336-350
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niżówka jako wskaźnik suszy hydrologicznej
Autorzy:
Tokarczyk, Tamara
Radczuk, Laura
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/2080712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Opis:
Niniejsza praca stanowi próbę opisania niżówki modelami probabilistycznym i deterministycznym, które całościowo tworzą podejście hybrydowe statystyczno-deterministyczne. W języku potocznym słowo model ma dwa podstawowe zbliżone do siebie znaczenia. W pierwszym zasadniczą procedurą jest odwzorowanie oryginału przy zachowaniu jego istotnych cech. W tym znaczeniu model jest kopią oryginalnego obiektu i odznacza się znacznym do niego podobieństwem. Model nie jest jednak identyczny z oryginałem, zachowuje jedynie cechy istotne z pewnego określonego punktu widzenia. Inne właściwości obiektu mogą być w modelu pominięte (zredukowane). Drugie znaczenie słowa „model” podkreśla jego uniwersalność. Nawiązuje ono do hipotezy myślowej o możliwości identyfikacji obiektu przez porównanie go z obiektem wzorcowym. Model w tym sensie pełni rolę wzorca, którego można użyć do analizy każdego podobnego do niego obiektu rzeczywistego. Definicja ta jest zgodna z duchem platońskiej nauki o świecie idealnym. Modelem w drugim ujęciu są np. wzorce miary i wagi, a w pierwszym – interesujące nas najbardziej – modele fizyczne i matematyczne obiektów, zjawisk i procesów przyrodniczych.
LOW FLOW AS AN INDICATOR OF HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT Summary The occurrence of drought is one of the characteristic features of Polish climate. In this country, drought usually lasts for many weeks and covers considerable area causing economic and social losses. Drought differs from other hydrological and meteorological phenomena not only in time and spatial range but the influence it has on the remaining fields as well. Even if droughts’ direct, negative impact is slight or has unsubstantial scope, the observed indirect impact on various fields may be significant and long-lasting. Due to the influence drought has on environment, economy and society, more, and more research and implementation works are devoted to issues concerning its occurrence, risk assessment, monitoring and forecasting. Literature indicates that hydrological droughts are most often associated with low flow periods on rivers. Only Zielińska (1963) characterizes low flow with so called low flow module, which is the product of duration of low flow and the lowest base flow which gives considerably overestimated values of base flow volume. The dissertation has a methodical nature. Defining hydrological drought index required both formulating a definition of hydrological drought and methods for their divestment from the set of observed low flows which has been achieved through the undertaken research. In presented thesis product (Di x Ti) is used as a hydrological drought index (WSH). It characterizes phenomenon intensity. For maximum low flow it has the maximum value. What is more, the term ‘extreme hydrological drought likelihood’ is introduced and described as hydrological drought index (WSH95 = D95 x T95) that is the product of streamflow deficiency with a 95% probability of non-exceedance and the duration of low flow with a 95% probability of non-exceedance. Extreme drought likelihood is defined as a drought which is real in terms of physics and sequence of occurring events which is confirmed by its frequency of occurrence in researched river basins at the level once or twice during the researched forty years (1966-2005). On the basis of the analyses carried out in this work, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. By characterizing low-flow in terms of probabilistic and deterministic models, which in turn form the hybrid statistical-deterministic approach, both a description of the cause-effect (deterministic model) and random phenomena of low-flow (probabilistic model) is included. 2. Due to the analysis of drought index combined with the method of complex cartogram droughts can be divided into 5 classes, that is (i) short-term low flow, (ii) longterm low flow, (iii) moderate hydrological drought, (iv) severe hydrological drought, (v) extreme hydrological drought. Short-term low flow class comprises of low flows with the streamflow deficiency lower or equal to D50% and duration to 30 days. Long-term low flow class comprises of low flows with the non-exceedance probability to D80% and duration to 30 days. Moderate hydrological drought class comprises of low flows with non-exceedance probability to D90% and duration to 120 days. Strong hydrological drought class comprises of low flows with non-exceedance probability to D95% and duration to 180 days whereas extreme low flow hydrological drought class comprises of low flows with non-exceedance higher than D95% and duration which is no longer than 180 days. 3. Elaborated hybrid models may be used for the evaluation of vulnerability of ungauged river basins to the occurrence of droughts. 4. Determined dependence of hydrological drought index (WSH95) specified for extreme hydrological drought likelihood from the potential of groundwater recharge (ΔQB = QBmax – QBmin) provides the basis for determining the magnitude of the potential power of groundwater recharge, at which there is occurrence of extreme hydrological drought. 5. The interdependence between the relative streamflow deficiency (Dw) and recession rate (α) from the recession curve indicates the susceptibility of river basins to the occurrence of low flows and hydrological droughts. 6. The interdependence between the probability of the occurrence of streamflow volume deficit higher than zero (ppD > 0) and active retention of dynamic exchange of groundwater (RSAWDWP) enables to divide river basins of low and high susceptibility to the low flow and hydrological droughts occurrence. 7. In researched river basins simultaneous occurrence of low-flow long periods of drought and hydrological drought were judged on the basis of the ratio of standardized climatic water balance for the summer semester. 8. The determined correlation between WSH and KBW gives the opportunity to join the evaluation of atmospheric and hydrological drought. 9. Hybrid models were also elaborated for lowland Prosno river basin. The quality of achieved models was evaluated on the basis of determination coefficient. Its value indicates a strong relation. Therefore, the use of the models is similar to the case of Nysa Kłodzka river basin. The applicability of the models applies only to river basins which are characterized by high hydrological similarity. The obtained research outcomes incline to formulate further directions of the study on the issue of hydrological drought: • underlying hydrological processes generating droughts, including droughts in winter time, • examination of the process of drought development from atmospheric to hydrological one, its time and spatial scope, • combining atmospheric circulation pattern with low flows and hydrological droughts, • examination of drought development along the river, • near-real time drought monitoring system, • the influence of climate variability, changes in spatial planning and human activity on the frequency of low flow and hydrological occurrence of droughts.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Książka

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies