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    Tytuł:
    Udział Polski w misjach pokojowych i stabilizacyjnych na początku XXI wieku
    Participation of Poland in peace and stabilization Missions early in the 21st century
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Opis:
    At the time of Cold War, Poland participated in UN missions and operations, and after its conclusion - with the expansion of the functions of OSCE, NATO and EU - it began tb participate also in operations and missions set up by these institutions, becoming one of the prime contributors to peace and stabilization operations. In November 2007, paws were participating in 17 operations conducted mostly by the United Nations, NATO and EU. In most cases, Poland, participates through the presence of military forces, and organization of police, training, advisory and observation missions. Poles perform at very broader rangę of tasks, participating in militaiy operations, peaćemaking, peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and peace building. The variety of tasks performed by Polish armed forces and the lessons learned during overseas operations defined the main directions of changes in the Polish army. Participation in peace and stabilization operations is one of the Instruments of enhancing the prestige of Poland on the international stage. In the world, Polish soldiers enjoy a very good opinion, as highly professional and competent. Nevertheless, in 2007 for the first time in the history of Polish participation in peace operations, Polish soldiers serving in Afghanistan were accused of breaking intemational conventions, concerning protection of civilians in armed conflicts. Besides this, the image of Poland in Europe and Arab states was spoilt by its participation in the military operation in Iraq (2003), the city legal from the point of view of international law. Following the announcements of the new Polish govemment acting since November 2007, Poland will fulfill its international obligations and continued involvement in peace and stabilization operations, although without further presence in Iraq, would Polish forces are to be withdrawn in 2008.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2007, 4; 191-207
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Role międzynarodowe państwa średniego – aspekty teoretyczne
    International roles of medium-sized state – theoretical aspects
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506119.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    international roles theory
    state’s international identity
    state’s international position
    medium-sized state
    Opis:
    Each state plays international roles, that are determined by the internal and international factors. Amongst them two are crucial: the state’s international position and its international identity. The international role of a state is a dynamic expression of its position, provided the state uses that position actively. A state’s potential is very important and is a function of internal factors: its geographical environment in the wide sense; its population potential; its economic, scientific, and technical potential; and its military potential. Political, historical and cultural factors, however, are also significant. The perception of a state by other actors on the international stage is also a very important factor in that state’s international position and, in consequence, for its international roles. It is closely related to the state’s international identity, i.e., the state’s self-perception on the basis of its sense of distinctness in relation to others and the traits ascribed to it by other states. The ‘international identity’ of a state is made up of its ‘internal identity’, which determines the cohesiveness of its component parts, and its ‘external identity’, which constitutes its distinctiveness in relation to other states. International roles of state are subject to various classifications and typologies. The most comprehensive classification based on the following criteria: the subjective criterion, the objective criterion, the spatial criterion, the time criterion the attitude toward international reality criterion the hierarchic criterion the efficiency of role criterion. The effectiveness of international roles is a phenomenon of considerable complexity. It is an unusually difficult task to appraise the effectiveness of a given actor’s role when it is understood as the cost-efficient realization of a goal. First, costs are hard to measure. Second, in today’s interconnected and co-dependent world, a goal could be realized by many entities. I consider that there are three main factors determining the efficiency of roles: 1) the reasonableness of the role’s conception, 2) the ability and consistency involved in performing the role, that is, the degree of its realization, and 3) the level of support for a role by the other actors in international relations, and particularly among those affected by itthe development of their international roles. The thesis of the article is to say that Poland is a medium size state and is limited in These limitations should be taken into account by decision-makers in the formulation of the tasks and goals of Polish foreign policy.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 4; 15-27
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efektywność ról międzynarodowych Unii Europejskiej
    The efficiency of international roles played by the EU
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625275.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    European Union
    theory of fields
    EU foreign policy
    Unia Europejska
    teoria ról
    wspólna polityka zagraniczna i bezpieczeństwa UE
    Opis:
    The European Union acts in numerous capacities on the international arena, and one of its priorities in foreign policy involves the Mediterranean. Since the mid-1990s, the EU has been trying to play several roles in its relations with countries in this region, the most significant being: an active participant in solving the Arab-Israeli conflict; a promoter of measures to build trust, partnership, security and disarmament; a promoter of market reforms and sustainable development; an advocate of democracy and human rights as well as cross-cultural dialogue. Assessed on the basis of its Mediterranean policy, the efficiency of the EU’s international roles, however, is poor, on account of the conflict between the roles the EU declares to be playing, and its actual and expected roles. As a consequence, the Mediterranean has not transformed into the area of peace, stability, welfare and cross-cultural understanding which has been declared as the EU’s objective since 1995.
    Unia Europejska odgrywa na arenie międzynarodowej wiele ról, a jednym z priorytetowych kierunków w jej polityce zagranicznej jest region śródziemnomorski. Od połowy lat 90. XX wieku UE stara się odgrywać jednocześnie kilka ról wobec państw w nim położonych. Najważniejszymi z nich są role: aktywnego aktora w rozwiązywaniu konfliktu arabsko-izraelskiego; promotora środków budowy zaufania, partnerstwa, bezpieczeństwa i rozbrojenia; promotora reform rynkowych i zrównoważonego rozwoju; propagatora demokracji i praw człowieka oraz dialogu międzykulturowego. Efektywność ról międzynarodowych, analizowana na przykładzie unijnej polityki śródziemnomorskiej, jest jednak niska, ze względu na konflikt między rolami deklarowanymi, rzeczywistymi i oczekiwanymi. W konsekwencji region śródziemnomorski nie został przekształcony w obszar pokoju, stabilności, dobrobytu i porozumienia międzykulturowego, co od 1995 roku było deklarowanym przez Unię Europejską celem.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2014, 8; 49-61
    1899-6256
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unia Europejska wobec konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego w latach 2009–2017
    The European Union in the face of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2009–2017
    Autorzy:
    ZAJĄC, JUSTYNA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625556.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    European Union
    Israeli-Palestinian conflict
    Palestine
    Israel
    Unia Europejska
    konflikt izraelsko-palestyński
    Palestyna
    Izrael
    Opis:
    In 2009–2017, the European Union continued its prior policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Nonetheless, taking into consideration the rapidly changing internal and international situation, this policy is becoming increasingly less effective. Problems confronting the European Union and its member states over the recent years, Brexit, the destabilization of North Africa and the Middle East, the Ukrainian crisis, the redistribution of power in the world system, to name a few – are the most significant determinants of the current EU policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Compared to other actors, the role of the European Union in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been decreasing.
    W latach 2009–2017 Unia Europejska kontynuowała swoją dotychczasową politykę wobec konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego, jednak w obliczu dynamicznie zmieniających się uwarunkowań wewnętrznych i międzynarodowych polityka ta staje się coraz mniej efektywna. Problemy, z jakimi Unia Europejska i jej państwa członkowskie borykają się od kilku lat – Brexit, destabilizacja obszaru Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu, kryzys ukraiński, zmieniający się układ sił w świecie – to najważniejsze determinanty obecnej polityki UE wobec konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego. W ich wyniku rola Unii Europejskiej w rozwiązywaniu konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego, na tle innych aktorów, maleje.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2017, 11; 249-262
    1899-6256
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unia Europejska wobec idei państwa palestyńskiego
    The European Union’s attitude to the idea of a Palestinian state
    Autorzy:
    ZAJĄC, JUSTYNA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625445.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    The European Union’s attitude to the idea of a Palestinian state
    Unia Europejska wobec idei państwa palestyńskiego
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2011, 5; 249-262
    1899-6256
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unia Europejska wobec Bliskiego Wschodu po Arabskiej Wiośni
    European Union in the face of Middle East after the Arab Spring
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505272.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Opis:
    Main goal of the article was to analyze European Union policy towards „Arab Spring”, that started in 2011. Although EU is strongly involved in the Mediterranean region its reaction on situation in North Africa was rather cautious and unclear. It seems that policy-makers of European institutions and its member states did not understand what was really going on. However slowly they took a side of opposition and European Union has undertaken a wide range instruments: political, economic, humanitarian and social. Several initiatives was implemented, such as: Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Mediterranean – PDSP, Support for Partnership, Reform and Inclusive Growth – SPRING, Deauville Initiative. EU policy towards “Arab Spring” is generally called “3 M” – Money, Mobility, Markets. There were also such support undertakings as: bilateral financial aid for South and East Mediterranean states, establishing task forces and observatory teams for elections in Arab countries and sanctions. Despite this actions EU policy towards “Arab Spring” has been evaluated as limited and too slow. It showed clearly what was known for several years: European Union needs to elaborate new and complex strategy towards the Mediterranean region.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2012, 1; 317-328
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unia Europejska w polityce bezpieczeństwa USA w XXI w.
    The European Union in US security policy in the twenty-first century
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505849.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    European Union
    USA
    security
    international order
    CSDP
    NATO
    Opis:
    For the past decade the focus of the U.S. security policy has been changing. After a period of global American hegemony, which took place at the end of the Cold War, the international position of the country is declining; countries such as China, India, Brazil, Russia are moving alongside the United States and Europe as centres of power. Focusing U.S. interest on Asia and the Pacific (“Asia Pacific pivot”) causes a reduction of its interests in Europe. Given these trends U.S and EU policymakers face the challenge to redefine their security and defence cooperation. This applies both to the acquisition by European allies more responsibility for their own safety as well as to develop new mechanisms for cooperation on the line US-NATO-EU relations. The article aims to answer about the current situation and perspectives of EU’s place and role in U.S. security policy in the context of redistribution of power in the world politics. The analysis is carried out in the neorealistic paradigm.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 29-40
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uwarunkowania ról międzynarodowych Unii Europejskiej
    Rahmenbedingungen der internationalen Rollen der Europäischen Union
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506290.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Opis:
    Europäische Union ist ein bedeutender Akteur in den internationalen Beziehungen und spielt auf der Weltbühne politische, wirtschaftliche, kulturelle, und in den letzten Jahren auch militärische Rollen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Rahmenbedingungen der objektiven internationalen Rollen der Europäischen Union anhand der Elemente der Theorie der internationalen Rollen analysiert. Diese Theorie stammt der Theorie der „gesellschaftlichen Rollen“ ab, die mit großer Dynamik in der Nachkriegszeit des 20. Jahrhundert entwickelt wurde. Die ersten Forschungen zur Theorie der „internationalen Rollen“ fanden in der Wende der 60er und 70er Jahre statt; einen großen Beitrag haben hier Kalevi Holsti, James Rosenau, Stephen Walker, Michael Barnett, Lisbeth Aggestam, Ziemowit Jacek Pietraś, Małgorzata Bielecka, Dariusz Mielczarek geleistet. Von vielen Forschern wird der Staat als Subjekt der internationalen Rolle angenommen, als Äquivalent des gesellschaftlichen Akteurs. Wir stimmen jedoch der These zu, dass internationale Rollen nicht nur von den Staaten, sondern auch von außerstaatlichen Akteuren der internationalen Beziehungen gespielt werden können, z.B. von Organisationen, transnationalen Körperschaften oder Meinungsbildungsgruppen, darunter auch von einem solch spezifischen Subjekt der internationalen Beziehungen wie die Europäische Union. Struktur des Beitrags wurde dem Analyseprozess angepasst. Im ersten Teil wurden die theoretischen Aspekte der Rahmenbedingungen der internationalen Rollen dargestellt. Zweiter und dritter Teil beziehen sich entsprechend auf die objektiven Rahmenbedingungen – der internen und externen internationalen Rollen der Europäischen Union. Im vierten Teil findet sich ein Versuch der Antwort auf die Frage, welchen Einfluss die objektiven Rahmenbedingungen der internationalen Rollen der EU auf die wirklich von ihr gespielten Rollen haben.Aus der durchgeführten Analyse ergab sich eine Schlussfolgerung, dass die objektiven Rahmenbedingungen der Außenpolitik der EU die Möglichkeit der Annahme einer hohen Position auf der internationalen Szene und der Erfüllung einer ganzen Reihe von politischen, wirtschaftlichen, kulturellen und sogar militärischen Rollen und dadurch der Auswirkung auf die gesamte internationale Ordnung einräumen, doch die Europäische Union dieses Potenzial effektiv nicht nutzen kann. Dies wird vor allem von dem spezifischen institutionellen System der EU bedingt, der die Wirksamkeit der externen Handlungen der Union nicht fordert, insbesondere im Bereich der klassischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik hat den Charakter der Kooperation der Regierungen, mit wenig bedeutenden Elementen der Gemeinschaftlichkeit und Flexibilität. Innerhalb der EU kommt es zur Dissonanz zwischen den eigenen Außenpolitiken (z.B. zwischen der gemeinsamen Handelspolitik und der gemeinsamen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik), und im Rahmen der GASP schafft sie es nicht immer, mit einer Stimme zu sprechen – und wenn sie es tut, dann wiegt diese Stimme nicht mehr als die Summe der Stimmen derer Mitgliedstaaten.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2008, 4; 27-40
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Kryzys demokracji liberalnej i polityka zagraniczna”: VI Sympozjum im. Ministra Krzysztofa Skubiszewskiego
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Źródło:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2015, 79, 2; 221-222
    0035-9629
    2543-9170
    Pojawia się w:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SHARON L. WOLCHIK & JANE LEFTWICH CURRY (EDS.), CENTRAL & EAST EUROPEAN POLITICS: FROM COMMUNISM TO DEMOCRACY, THIRD EDITION, PUBLISHED BY ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD, LANHAM, BOULDER, NEW YORK, LONDON 2015, pp. 550. (REV.)
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
    Opis:
    review
    Źródło:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2017, 2
    2299-4335
    Pojawia się w:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Świadkowie zbrodni – druga wojna światowa w egodokumentach polskich dzieci
    Witnesses to the Crime – the Second World War in the Egodocuments of Polish Children
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16269557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-01-26
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
    Tematy:
    memory
    egodocument
    microhistory
    memories
    children’s perspective
    war
    pamięć
    egodokument
    mikrohistoria
    wspomnienia
    perspektywa dziecięca
    wojna
    Opis:
    Artykuł jest recenzją opracowanej przez Macieja Wróblewskiego antologii, w której zamieszczone zostały wypracowania polskich dzieci (pisane w latach 1945–1946) na temat ich wojennych doświadczeń. Redaktor twierdzi, że odkryte w archiwach prace pisemne uczniów są unikalne, ponieważ stanowią zapis przeżyć młodych Polaków w czasach drugiej wojny światowej. Mają one wartość dokumentalną i mogą zostać wykorzystane w naukach historycznych.
    The article is a review of an anthology edited by Maciej Wróblewski, which includes the compositions of Polish children (written between 1945 and 1946) about their wartime experiences. The editor argues that the discovered in the archives works of students are unique because they are the record of the experiences of these young Polish people during the Second World War. They have documentary value and potential for the use in historical research.
    Źródło:
    Filoteknos; 2022, 12; 401-405
    2657-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Filoteknos
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Inny – obcy – gorszy? Literackie obrazy Niemca
    Other – Stranger – Worse? Literary Images of a German
    Autorzy:
    Szumańska, Justyna
    Zając, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-29
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    literature for children and youth
    contemporary literature
    German
    stereotype
    war
    Opis:
    The main aim of the paper is to analyse the literary representations of meetings of children’s characters with Germans. The revision of the image of a German, who has been perceived as strange and dangerous for centuries, is carried out based on the example of selected contemporary books for young readers as well as literature for adults. There is a tendency to perpetuate a negative stereotype in contemporary Polish literature on the one hand and an attempt to overturn it on the other. The latter is achieved by presenting individual and often tragic German lives that so far have been marginalised in narratives about the past.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 17; 175-184
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    WPŁYW INTERESÓW PAŃSTW CZŁONKOWSKICH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ NA JEJ POLITYKĘ WOBEC ARABSKIEJ WIOSNY
    THE INFLUENCE OF THE EU-MEMBER STATES INTERESTS ON THE EU POLICY TOWARDS THE ARAB SPRING
    Autorzy:
    Zając, Justyna
    Zięba, Aleksandra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642210.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present the extent to which the interests of the EU Member States influence the policy of the European Union in the Mediterranean region. First of all, will be analyzed the conception, implementation and effectiveness of Mediterranean policy towards the Arab Spring. In addition, it will attempt to answer the question, are these interests opposed to EU-policy or converge (and in which areas). Implemented since 1995, the EU policy in the Mediterranean region is part of the paradigm idealistic. But the interests of member states reflect the realistic paradigm and contribute to block some of the assumptions of EU policy, giving it a purely declarative character. Due to the existing differences of interests between EU Member States, the European Union as an entity is unable to take effective and coherent action towards the region of North Africa and the Middle East. The EU could be the impact of the three countries advantage – France, Britain and Germany, with the increasing role of the last one.
    Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, w jak dużym stopniu interesy państw członkowskich wpływają na politykę Unii Europejskiej w regionie śródziemnomorskim. Przede wszystkim na jej koncepcję, implementację i efektywność. Arabska wiosna stała się swoistym testem dla Unii Europejskiej i efektywnooeci jej działań na arenie międzynarodowej. Wydarzenia te, w kontekście unijnej polityki zagranicznej, unaoczniły dwie kwestie: po pierwsze, że ze względu na istniejące różnice interesów między unijnymi państwami członkowskimi, Unia Europejska jako podmiot nie jest w stanie podjąć efektywnych, spójnych działań wobec regionu Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu, a po drugie, że w UE kształtuje się przewaga wpływu trzech państw – Francji,Wielkiej Brytanii i Niemiec, z wzrastającą rolą tego ostatniego. Interesy państw członkowskich będące odzwierciedleniem paradygmatu realistycznego przyczyniają się do blokowania niektórych założeń unijnej polityki, nadając jej charakter wyłącznie deklaratywny.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2015, 8; 103-116
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Petroleum generation and expulsion in the Lower Palaeozoic petroleum source rocks at the SW margin of the East European Craton (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Bator, Dariusz
    Golonka, Jan
    Zając, Justyna
    Papiernik, Bartosz
    Guzy, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191343.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    1-D maturity modelling
    shale gas
    petroleum source rocks
    Lower Palaeozoic
    Opis:
    In this work, 1-D numerical modelling of petroleum generation and expulsion processes in the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian source rocks was carried out in over sixty wells along the SW margin of the East European Craton (EEC) in Poland. Lower Palaeozoic sediments were subjected to rapid burial in the Palaeozoic and then were uplifted in several phases, but with the predominance of the late Variscan tectonic inversion. The thermal maturity of organic matter in the Lower Palaeozoic strata indicates the advancement of the generation processes from the phase of low-temperature thermogenic processes in the NE part of the Baltic and Podlasie-Lublin basins to the overmature stage along the zone adjacent to the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ). The results of modelling of generation and expulsion show that these processes took place mainly in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods and in the westernmost part (along the TTZ), even in the latest Silurian. The hydrocarbon expulsion took place with a small - delay after generation. During the Mesozoic and Cainozoic, generation processes practically were not resumed or intensified. Nevertheless, it was found that zones with an increased shale gas potential can occur only in a relatively narrow belt on the SW slope of the EEC, parallel to the edge of the TTZ. The most promising seem to be Caradocian, Llandovery and the Wenlock between the Lębork IG-1 and Kościerzyna IG-1 wells in the Baltic Basin, and the Wenlock source rocks in the Podlasie-Lublin Basin between the Okuniew IG-1, Łopiennik IG-1 and Narol IG-1 wells. Most of the hydrocarbons were subjected to expulsion and possible migration. As a result, there was a large dispersion of the hydrocarbons generated. The chance of preservation of these hydrocarbons in the source rocks is small.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 2; 153-174
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    NSA: instytucja kultury nie musi stosować prewspółczynnika VAT
    The Supreme Administrative Court: the cultural institution does not have to apply VAT pro rata proportion
    Autorzy:
    Zając-Wysocka, Justyna
    Baj, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28761682.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-27
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Studiów Podatkowych Modzelewski i wspólnicy
    Tematy:
    podatek od towarów i usług
    prewspółczynnik
    instytucja kultury
    reklama
    czynności niepodlegające VAT
    VAT
    pro-rata proportion
    cultural institution
    advertisement
    activities not subject to VAT
    Opis:
    W niniejszym artykule autorzy poruszają kwestię stosowania prewspółczynnika VAT w instytucjach kultury. Omawiają wyrok NSA z dnia 8 lipca 2020 r. (I FSK 473/18)1 i prezentują argumenty przemawiające za tezą, że instytucja kultury nie jest zobligowana do stosowania tego mechanizmu w swoich rozliczeniach VAT.
    This article discusses the issue of application of the VAT pro rata proportion in cultural institutions. The authors discuss the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 8 July 2020 (I FSK 473/18) and present arguments supporting the thesis that a cultural institution is not obliged to use this mechanism in its VAT settlements.
    Źródło:
    Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych; 2021, 9(301); 100-101
    1427-2008
    2449-7584
    Pojawia się w:
    Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Burial and thermal history of the Lower Palaeozoic petroleum source rocks at the SW margin of the East European Craton (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Botor, Dariusz
    Golonka, Jan
    Anczkiewicz, Anneta A.
    Dunkl, István
    Papiernik, Bartosz
    Zając, Justyna
    Guzy, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191816.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    maturity modelling
    shale gas
    shale oil
    burial history
    thermal history
    Palaeozoic
    East European Craton
    Opis:
    Thermal maturity modelling was carried out in over sixty wells along the SW margin of the East European Craton (EEC). The burial and thermal history modelling of the EEC, using thermochronological data, allowed the construction of burial history maps showing its geological development in the Phanerozoic. These results have proved that the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks occurring at the SW margin of the EEC reached a maximum palaeotemperature in the Palaeozoic, mainly during Devonian-Carboniferous time and at the latest during the Silurian in the most westerly part of this margin, along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone. In Mesozoic and Cainozoic time, the Ordovician and Silurian strata generally were subjected to cooling or to very minor heating, certainly below the Variscan level. The maximum burial and maximum temperature of the Ediacaran-Lower Palaeozoic strata were reached during the Early Carboniferous in the Baltic Basin and during the Late Carboniferous in the Lublin area, and even in the Early Permian in the SE corner of the Lublin Basin. Thus, the main period of maturation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation in the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks was in the Late Palaeozoic (mainly Devonian-Carboniferous) and in the westernmost zone along the Teisseyre-Tornquist line at the end of the Silurian.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 2; 121-152
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Women’s knowledge of the development and communication of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
    Autorzy:
    Cybulska, Justyna
    Zając, Ewelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044152.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    FAS
    communication
    communication disorders
    maternal awareness
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to analyze the results of surveys on women’s knowledge about FAS and its consequences for the development of a child’s speech and communication. 130 women between 18 and 50 years old took part in the survey. A significant proportion of the surveyed women are aware of the problems and consequences of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome caused by the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
    Źródło:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2021, 32; 101-112
    2300-391X
    Pojawia się w:
    Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Neolithic vs. the Mesolithic in Southern Poland: Is Everything Known Yet?
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Marek
    Zając, Mirosław
    Zakrzeńska, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1774301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-24
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    southern Poland
    Late Mesolithic
    para-Neolithic
    Neolithic
    cultural interactions
    Opis:
    According to a common belief, southern Poland was a typical area of Early Neolithic settlements which was rarely exploited and even ignored by Mesolithic communities. However, the prehistoric reality was more complex. Indeed, the zones largely omitted by the hunter-gatherers were fertile loess uplands and foothills settled by the first Neolithic farmers (Linear Band Pottery culture) in the third quarter of the 6th millennium BC. However, such ecological zones are by no means the only or even predominant zones within the territory in question. Areas with other ecological conditions, mainly those close to the Polish Lowland, yielded surprisingly numerous remains of Mesolithic settlements, including late Mesolithic ones. Radiocarbon data makes it clear that the Late Mesolithic communities coexisted with their Neolithic counterparts. However, the temporal dimension of this coexistence remains a debatable and controversial issue. Nevertheless, it is highly probable that the late hunter-gatherers would use ‘their own’ pottery also in southern Poland. Similarly to many other European regions, the anthropological and historical interpretations that describe and explain the interactions between early farmers and late hunter-gatherers in southern Poland (as well as archaeologically discernible transformations within the latter group) are difficult to construct. It is even more difficult to assess the role played by hunter-gatherers in the neolithisation of this territory. This paper presents and analyses the relevant chronological, chorological, settlement, and typological data. As a result, the hypothesis that the hunter-gatherer communities were but ‘passive’ witnesses to the first neolithisation and functioned independently at least throughout the entire Neolithic period was considered most probable.
    Źródło:
    Światowit; 2020, 59; 47-77
    0082-044X
    Pojawia się w:
    Światowit
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Praktyczne możliwości zastosowania kamery termowizyjnej
    Practical options for using infrared cameras for discovering heat traces in criminal studies
    Autorzy:
    Staszel, Renata
    Wojtarowicz, Małgorzata
    Kotkowska, Justyna
    Zając, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476625.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Opis:
    The use of infrared cameras (thermal vision) as a contact-free method of lie detection is a subject as controversial as interesting, which can be attested by recently conducted studies. The article introduces the subject, explains the basic notions, and provides a historical outline. The studies mentioned in the article give hope for a more extensive application of infrared cameras for future lie detection. Certainly, possibility of remote observation of a subject, especially without the subject being aware, may result in problems of ethical and legal nature. What appears a crucial option in this area, however, is the possibility of combining such a test with polygraph examination.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2013, 2(13); 109-120
    1689-8052
    2451-0807
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surfaceome of pathogenic yeasts, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, revealed with the use of cell surface shaving method and shotgun proteomic approach
    Autorzy:
    Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
    Zajac, Dorota
    Bochenska, Oliwia
    Kozik, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038923.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    cell surface shaving
    proteomics
    fungal pathogens
    cell wall
    Candida
    Opis:
    In the course of infections caused by pathogenic yeasts from the genus Candida, the fungal cell surface is the first line of contact with the human host. As the surface-exposed proteins are the key players in these interactions, their identification can significantly contribute to discovering the mechanisms of pathogenesis of two emerging pathogens from this genus, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the cell wall-attached proteins of these two species with the use of cell surface shaving and a shotgun proteomic approach. Different morphological forms of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis cells obtained after growth under various conditions were subjected to this treatment. This allowed to indicate the most abundant cell surface proteins on the basis of the normalized spectral abundance factors. In case of yeast-like forms these were, among others, proteins similar to a chitinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an inducible acid phosphatase for C. parapsilosis, and a constitutive acid phosphatase, pyruvate decarboxylase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for C. tropicalis. In case of pseudohyphal forms, proteins similar to a cell surface mannoprotein Mp65, chitinase and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored transglycosylase Crh11 were identified at the cell surface of C. parapsilosis. The Rbt1 cell wall protein, a hyphally regulated cell wall protein and proteins from agglutinin-like sequence protein family were found as the most abundant on C. tropicalis pseudohyphae. Apart from the abovementioned proteins, several additional covalently bound and atypical cell wall proteins were also identified. These results extend the current knowledge regarding the molecular basis of virulence of these two non-albicans Candida species.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 807-819
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of natural and artificial regeneration in Nowa Dęba Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Długosiewicz, Justyna
    Zając, Stanisław
    Wysocka-Fijorek, Emilia
    Sułkowska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042471.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    Scots pine
    natural regeneration
    artificial regeneration
    costs
    effectiveness assessment
    Opis:
    New challenges related to the multifunctional role of forests in consideration of both natural environment and economy come into view sequentially. In current forestry practice, an important element is not only the quality of forest cultivations (silvicultural aspect) but also the costs incurred for their production and tending (economic aspect). The main purpose of this article is to show the prospect of increasing positive silvicultural effects depending on the method used in management of Scots pine stands under given site conditions. The comparative analysis was carried out using the study results obtained in the Forest District Nowa Dęba and those presented in other relevant studies. In the present study, we examined whether the site conditions have significant effects on silvicultural and economic effectiveness of regeneration and development of Scots pine stands or those predominated by Scots pine in the initial stages of stand growth. Significance of the regeneration method effects on growth characteristics of Scots pine regeneration as well as the costs of forest cultivation management was analysed. The study on silvicultural and economic effectiveness was carried out in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. The results obtained showed that using Scots pine natural regeneration under the conditions of fresh coniferous forest site and fresh mixed coniferous forest site was the way of management based on reason. This was supported by both the values of regeneration growth parameters and silvicultural quality along with clearly lower expenditures incurred to achieve these effects. In wet mixed coniferous site, Scots pine seedlings regenerated naturally; however, the results indicated their lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values when compared to those artificially regenerated. In fresh mixed broadleaved forest site, equally for silvicultural and economic reasons, the more optimal option was to regenerate forest using traditional planting material as natural Scots pine regeneration showed lower silvicultural effects. The unit costs of regeneration and maintenance of stands with self-sown Scots pine in fresh mixed broadleaved forest site were higher when compared with other examined forest sites. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that regardless of the regeneration method examined, the most differentiating factor of the final economic effect of Scots pine stand establishment and maintenance was the cost of regeneration operation. The expenditure for this purpose consumed the largest part of expenses incurred in artificial regeneration variant. The higher cost of corrections in artificially planted forest cultivations in poorer forest sites was one of the reasons behind the profitable final balance of naturally regenerating Scots pine stands. Differences between other costs analysed were not significant. The results of the present study may contribute to comprehensive assessments of natural and artificial ways of forest regeneration and indicate forest production costs that are the most closely related to site conditions.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 3; 230-241
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interaction of human fibronectin with Candida glabrata epithelial adhesin 6 (Epa6)
    Autorzy:
    Zajac, Dorota
    Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
    Bochenska, Oliwia
    Rapala-Kozik, Maria
    Kozik, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038757.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    Candida glabrata
    epithelial adhesins
    fibronectin
    surface plasmon resonance
    Opis:
    Adherence of pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins and host cells is one of the essential steps in the microbial colonization of the human organism. The adhesion of C. glabrata, i.e. the second major causative agent of human disseminated candidiases after C. albicans, to the host epithelium mainly engages specific fungal cell wall proteins - epithelial adhesins (Epa) - in particular, Epa1, Epa6 and Epa7. The aim of the present study was to identify the major Epa protein involved in the interactions with the human extracellular matrix protein - fibronectin - and to present the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of these interactions. A relatively novel gel-free approach, i.e. the "cell surface shaving" that consists in short treatment of fungal cells with trypsin was employed to identify the C. glabrata surfaceome. Epa6 was purified, and the isolated protein was characterized in terms of its affinity to human fibronectin using a microplate ligand-binding assay and surface plasmon resonance measurements. The dissociation constants for the binding of Epa6 to fibronectin were determined to range between 9.03 × 10-9 M and 7.22 × 10-8 M, depending on the method used (surface plasmon resonance measurements versus the microplate ligand-binding assay, respectively). The identified fungal pathogen-human host protein-protein interactions might become a potential target for novel anticandidal therapeutic approaches.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2016, 63, 3; 417-426
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konflikty międzynarodowe : wprowadzenie do teorii i historii
    Autorzy:
    Nye, Joseph S.
    Współwytwórcy:
    Madej, Marek. Tłumaczenie
    Bryc, Agnieszka. Redakcja
    Zając, Justyna. Redakcja
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Warszawa : Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne
    Tematy:
    Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe
    Polityka międzynarodowa
    Podręcznik
    Opis:
    Tyt. oryg.: "Understanding International Conflicts".
    Bibliogr. przy rozdziałach. Indeks s. [397] - 409.
    Podręcznik akademicki dotowany przez Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Książka
    Tytuł:
    Binding of human plasminogen and high-molecular-mass kininogen by cell surface-exposed proteins of Candida parapsilosis
    Autorzy:
    Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
    Zajac, Dorota
    Bras, Grazyna
    Bochenska, Oliwia
    Rapala-Kozik, Maria
    Kozik, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038573.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    candidiasis
    cell wall proteins
    fibrinolysis
    contact system
    Opis:
    Pathogenic microbes can recruit to their cell surface human proteins that are components of important proteolytic cascades involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis and innate immune response. Once located at the bacterial or fungal surface, such deployed proteins might be utilized by pathogens to facilitate invasion and dissemination within the host organism by interfering with functionality of these systems or by exploiting specific activity of the bound enzymes. Aim of the study presented here was to characterize this phenomenon in Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron et Talice - an important causative agent of systemic fungal infections (candidiases and candidemias) in humans. We have investigated the interactions of fungal surface-exposed proteins with plasminogen (HPG) and high-molecular-mass kininogen (HK) - the crucial components of human fibrinolytic system and proinflammatory/procoagulant contact-activated kinin-forming system, respectively. After confirming ability of the fungal surface-exposed proteins to bind HPG and HK, four of them - two agglutinin-like sequence (Als) proteins CPAR2_404780 and CPAR2_404800, a heat shock protein Ssa2 and a moonlighting protein 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 1 - were purified using ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. Then, their affinities to HPG and HK were characterized with surface plasmon resonance measurements. The determined dissociation constants for the investigated protein-protein complexes were within a 10-7 M order for the HPG binding and in a range of 10-8-10-9 M for the HK binding. Detailed characterization of adsorption of these two important plasma proteins on the fungal cell surface may help to increase our understanding of molecular mechanisms of C. parapsilosis-dependent candidiasis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2017, 64, 3; 391-400
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characterization of the interactions between human high-molecular-mass kininogen and cell wall proteins of pathogenic yeasts Candida tropicalis
    Autorzy:
    Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna
    Zajac, Dorota
    Bras, Grazyna
    Bochenska, Oliwia
    Seweryn, Karolina
    Kedracka-Krok, Sylwia
    Jankowska, Urszula
    Rapala-Kozik, Maria
    Kozik, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038758.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    contact system
    kinins
    inflammation
    candidiasis
    cell wall proteins
    adhesion
    Opis:
    Candida tropicalis is one of the most frequent causes of serious disseminated candidiasis in human patients infected by non-albicans Candida species, but still relatively little is known about its virulence mechanisms. In our current study, the interactions between the cell surface of this species and a multifunctional human protein - high-molecular-mass kininogen (HK), an important component of the plasma contact system involved in the development of the inflammatory state - were characterized at the molecular level. The quick release of biologically active kinins from candidal cell wall-adsorbed HK was presented and the HK-binding ability was assigned to several cell wall-associated proteins. The predicted hyphally regulated cell wall protein (Hyr) and some housekeeping enzymes exposed at the cell surface (known as "moonlighting proteins") were found to be the major HK binders. Accordingly, after purification of selected proteins, the dissociation constants of the complexes of HK with Hyr, enolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase were determined using surface plasmon resonance measurements, yielding the values of 2.20 × 10-7 M, 1.42 × 10-7 M, and 5.81 × 10-7 M, respectively. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, the interactions between C. tropicalis cell wall proteins and HK were characterized in molecular terms. Our findings may be useful for designing more effective prevention and treatment approaches against infections caused by this dangerous fungal pathogen.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2016, 63, 3; 427-436
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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