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Tytuł:
The Jiyuan tetrapod fauna of the Upper Permian of China: new pareiasaur material and the reestablishment of Honania complicidentata
Autorzy:
Xu, L.
Li, X.-W.
Jia, S.-H.
Liu, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Opis:
Honania complicidentata and Tsiyuania simplicidentata are pareiasaur taxa based on material from the Shangshihezi Formation of Jiyuan, Henan Province, China that were earlier designated as nomina vana. Based on the study of new material, and the reexamination of old specimens, we determine that the pareiasaur material from Jiyuan represents a single species that differs from all known species from other localities. Thus, we resurrect the name H. complicidentata for the material from Jiyuan. H. complicidentata is characterized by maxillary teeth with high crowns, dentary teeth slightly posteriorly inclined compared to the dentary dorsal margin, nearly all preserved marginal teeth have a cusped cingulum on the lingual surface, and humerus without an ectepicondylar foramen. Phylogenetic analysis shows Honania is more basal than Shansisaurus and Shihtienfenia from the Sunjiagou Formation of China.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2015, 60, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of a High Energy Combustion Agent (BHN) and Its Effects on the Combustion Properties of Fuel Rich Solid Rocket Propellants
Autorzy:
Pang, W.-Q.
Zhao, F.-Q.
Xue, Y.-N.
Xu, H.-X.
Fan, X.-Z.
Xie, W.-X.
Zhang, W.
Lv, J.
Deluca, L. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
fuel rich solid propellant
BHN
DSC
TG-DTG
burning rate
combustion properties
Opis:
A high energy combustion agent (tetraethylammonium decahydrodecaborate, BHN) was prepared by means of an ion exchange reaction (IER), and the prepared samples were characterized by the advanced diagnostic techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) etc. The effects of BHN particles on the hazard and combustion properties of fuel rich solid propellants were investigated. The results showed that the BHN samples and fuel rich propellants containing BHN particles can be prepared successfully and solidified safely. The peak temperature of thermal decomposition and the heat of decomposition of the BHN samples prepared were 305.8 °C and 210.9 J•g-1 at a heating rate of 10 K•min-1, respectively. The burning rate and pressure exponent of fuel rich solid propellants decreases with increases in the fraction of BHN particles in the propellant formulation. Compared with the reference formulation (sample BP-1), the burning rate of the propellant with 10% mass fraction of BHN particles (sample BP-4) had decreased 30% at 3.0 MPa, and the pressure exponent had dropped from 0.44 to 0.41.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 3; 537-552
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on Hybrid Filtering Solution for Marine Electric Network
Autorzy:
Xu, X - Y.
Mindykowski, J.
Chen, C. L. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
electrical engineering
marine vehicle power systems
power system harmonics
power system measurements
quality control
Opis:
This paper presents a Hybrid APF/PFC/PPF Circuit (active power filtering and power factor correction circuit aided by shunt passive filter) for harmonic suppression and power factor correction in a marine electric network. By employing the proposed hybrid circuit, marine electric power network voltage and current can be maintained as being sinusoidal, and the power factor is close to 1. The effectiveness of the proposed method that is applied to a marine electric network is demonstrated through a simulation experiment. The results show that the expected performances are achieved.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2010, 2; 72-78
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of flotation behavior and mechanism of cervantite activation by copper ions
Autorzy:
Wang, J.
Wang, Y.
Fu, K.
Xu, L.
Wang, Z.
Sun, H.
Xiao, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
flotation
cervantite
copper ions
activation mechanism
Opis:
Copper-ion activation plays a highly important role in cervantite (Sb2O4) flotation. Without metal-ion activation, cervantite cannot be floated by sodium oleate. In this study, flotation tests were conducted to study the effect of Cu2+ on the flotation behaviours of cervantite and quartz (SiO2) as the main gangue mineral. Metal-ion adsorption capacities, zeta potentials, solution chemistry and X-ray photoelectron spectra were analyzed to study the adsorption behavior and mechanism of copper ions and sodium oleate interaction with the minerals surfaces. The results demonstrate that under weakly acidic conditions, cervantite can be flotated and separated from quartz by the addition of copper ions. The reason is that copper ions can be selectively adsorbed on the cervantite surface under weakly acidic conditions, thereby promoting the adsorption of sodium oleate onto the cervantite surface by chemical adsorption. Conversely, copper ions are weakly adsorbed on quartz surfaces below pH 6.1, and sodium oleate cannot be adsorbed on quartz surfaces by chemical adsorption. The hydroxy copper species are integral to the selective activation of cervantite over quartz.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 3; 814-825
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simplified Model for Predicting Fabric Thermal Resistance According to its Microstructural Parameters
Uproszczony model dla przewidywania oporu termicznego tkanin w zależności od ich parametrów mikrostruktury
Autorzy:
Wei, J.
Xu, S.
Liu, H.
Zheng, L.
Qian, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/233513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
fabric model
thermal resistance
microstructure
correlation coefficient
model tkaniny
opór termiczny tkanin
mikrostruktura
współczynnik korelacji
Opis:
This paper presents a modified model to calculate the thermal resistance of woven and knitted fabrics according to the microstructural parameters. The model was established by analysing the heat transfer process in the simplified basic unit of the fabrics. The model was modified and checked by experimental values of various fabric samples. Pearson correlation coefficients between the thermal resistance and fabric structural parameters were calculated. Results indicate that fabric thermal resistance can be predicted by the modified equation satisfactorily. The Pearson correlation coefficient from high to low follows such a sequence: fabric thickness, fabric volume density, fabric structural parameter a, fibre volume density, and fibre thermal conductivity.
W artykule przedstawiono zmodyfikowany model pozwalający obliczyć opór termiczny tkanin i dzianin w zależności od parametrów ich mikrostruktury. Model został skonstruowany poprzez analizę procesu przepływu ciepła przez uproszczoną jednostkę płaskiego materiału włókienniczego. Model został sprawdzony w praktyce przez badanie różnych próbek tkanin i dzianin. Przy ocenie zastosowano porównanie współczynników korelacji Pearsona między oporem termicznym i parametrami strukturalnymi. Wyniki wskazują, że termiczną izolację płaskich materiałów włókienniczych można przewidzieć w zadowalającym stopniu przez zaproponowane zmodyfikowane równania. Współczynniki korelacji Pearsona począwszy od dużych do małych można uszeregować dla następujących parametrów: grubość tkaniny, gęstość właściwa tkaniny, parametry strukturalne, gęstość właściwa włókien i przewodność cieplna włókien.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2015, 4 (112); 57-60
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Scale effect of cement mortar specimens subjected to high temperatures using uniaxial compressive and splitting tensile tests
Autorzy:
Xiong, L. X.
Zhang, X. J.
Xu, Z. Y.
Geng, D. X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
zaprawa cementowa
temperatura wysoka
ściskanie jednoosiowe
rozciąganie przy rozłupywaniu
efekt skali
cement mortar
high temperature
uniaxial compression
splitting tensile
scale effect
Opis:
In this study, cubic and cylindrical cement mortar specimens were first subjected to high temperatures, then the cubic and cylindrical specimens were taken out and conducted with uniaxial compressive test and splitting tensile test, respectively. The effect of the length to side ratio on the uniaxial compressive properties and the effect of thickness-to-diameter ratio on the splitting tensile properties of cement mortar specimens after high temperature were studied. Test results show that: (1) With temperature increasing from 25 ºC (room temperature) to 400 ºC, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of cubic specimens with three kinds of side lengths decrease; the decreasing rates of compressive strength and elastic modulus of cubic specimen with side length of 70.7 mm is higher than those of cubic specimens with side length of 100 mm and 150 mm, and the strain at the peak stress of cubic specimens with three kinds of side lengths increase. (2) After the same temperature, the tensile strength of cylindrical specimen decreases with the thickness-to-diameter ratio increasing from 0.5 to 1.0. The decreasing rate of tensile strength of cylindrical specimen with thickness-to-diameter ratio is highest when the temperature is 25 ºC (room temperature), followed by that after the temperature of 200 ºC, and that after the temperature of 400 ºC is the lowest.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2020, 66, 3; 139-155
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reconstruction of oviraptorid clutches illuminates their unique nesting biology
Autorzy:
Yang, T.-R.
Wiemann, J.
Xu, L.
Cheng, Y.-N.
Wu, X.-C.
Sander, P.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Opis:
Oviraptorosaurs, a group of non-avian theropod dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Asia and North America, left behind the most abundant and informative fossil evidence of dinosaur reproductive biology. Previous studies had suggested that oviraptorosaur reproductive biology represents an intermediate stage and exhibited unique modern avian traits. For instance, the adult-associated clutches were predominantly considered as evidence for brooding/thermoregulatory contact incubation (TCI) behaviors, whereas the hypotheses of laying or protection were neglected. Despite numerous oviraptorid egg clutches uncovered from China and Mongolia, their nest architecture and clutch arrangement were rarely investigated in detail. Here we present a comprehensive reconstruction of an oviraptorid clutch based on five new oviraptorid clutches from Jiangxi Province, China. A detailed examination of the new clutches reveals a partially-open oviraptorid nest that contains 3–4 rings of paired eggs (more than 15 pairs total) whose blunt end points toward the center devoid of eggs at an angle of 35–40°. Our detailed three-dimensional reconstruction indicates that the oviraptorid clutch has a unique architecture unknown from extant bird clutches, implying an apomorphic nesting mode. Such a unique nest architecture further contradicts the TCI hypothesis in oviraptorids, hindering sufficient heat transfer to the inner (lower) ring(s) of eggs. Moreover, the size of the new oviraptorid clutches (>30 eggs) is significantly larger than that of the adult-associated clutches (<22 eggs), raising the alternative hypothesis that the adult-associated clutches were uncompleted. This clue thus supports the hypothesis that the clutch-associated oviraptorid adults possibly represent females after an oviposition before a catastrophic sandstorm/flooding burial.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2019, 64, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent progress in monoaromatic pollutants removal from groundwater through bioremediation
Autorzy:
Chen, J.
Gao, X.
Yan, L.
Xu, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
monoaromatic pollutant
ground water
bioremediation
biodegradation
benzene
toluene
ethylbenzene
xylene
Opis:
Monoaromatic pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and mixture of xylenes are now considered as widespread contaminants of groundwater. In situ bioremediation under natural attenuation or enhanced remediation has been successfully used for removal of organic pollutants, including monoaromatic compounds, from groundwater. Results published indicate that in some sites, intrinsic bioremediation can reduce the monoaromatic compounds content of contaminated water to reach standard levels of potable water. However, engineering bioremediation is faster and more efficient. Also, studies have shown that enhanced anaerobic bioremediation can be applied for many BTEX contaminated groundwaters, as it is simple, applicable and economical.This paper reviews microbiology and metabolism of monoaromatic biodegradation and in situ bioremediation for BTEX removal from groundwater under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It also discusses the factors affecting and limiting bioremediation processes and interactions between monoaromatic pollutants and other compounds during the remediation processes.
Źródło:
International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2015, 07
2300-9675
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy based on an external cavity quantum cascade laser
Autorzy:
Xu, L.
Zhou, S.
He, T.
Li, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
external cavity quantum cascade laser
ECQCL
quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy
QEPAS
volatile organic compound
VOC
ethanol
Opis:
Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool for trace gases detection. In this study, a spectroscopic system based on an external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) and quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) was developed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurements. Primary laboratory test on ethanol spectroscopy was investigated and compared with traditional direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS). Experimental results show that the proposed QEPAS is more sensitive than the conventional DAS method. In addition, the significant linear dependence of photoacoustic signal on sample pressures and laser operating parameters was observed.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2018, 48, 4; 687-695
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osteology of the Late Cretaceous alvarezsauroid Linhenykus monodactylus from China and comments on alvarezsauroid biogeography
Autorzy:
Xu, X.
Upchurch, P.
Ma, Q.
Pittman, M.
Choiniere, J.
Sullivan, C.
Hone, D.W.E.
Tan, Q.
Tan, L.
Xiao, D.
Han, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
osteology
Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous
alvarezsauroid
Linhenykus monodactylus
China
biogeography
Dinosauria
Theropoda
Parvicursorinae
Treefitte
dispersal
vicariance
sympatry
Wulansuhai Formation
Inner Mongolia
Opis:
The alvarezsauroid theropod Linhenykus monodactylus from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China is the first knownmonodactyl non−avian dinosaur, providing important information on the complex patterns of manual evolution seen in alvarezsauroids. Herewe provide a detailed description of the osteology of this taxon. Linhenykus shows a number of fea− tures that are transitional between parvicursorine and non−parvicursorine alvarezsauroids, but detailed comparisons also re− veal that some characters had a more complex distribution. We also use event−based tree−fitting to perform a quantitative analysis of alvarezsauroid biogeography incorporating several recently discovered taxa. The results suggest that there is no statistical support for previous biogeographic hypotheses that favour pure vicariance or pure dispersal scenarios as explana− tions for the distributions of alvarezsauroids across SouthAmerica, NorthAmerica andAsia. Instead, statistically significant biogeographic reconstructions suggest a dominant role for sympatric (or “within area”) events, combined with a mix of vicariance, dispersal and regional extinction. At present the alvarezsauroid data set is too small to completely resolve the biogeographic history of this group: future studies will need to create larger data sets that encompass additional clades.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2013, 58, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nondestructive Evaluation of Rubber Composites Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy
Niedestrukcyjna metoda oceny kompozytów kauczukowych przy użyciu spektroskopii z wykorzystaniem technologii wykrywania terahercowego
Autorzy:
Xu, F.
Duan Mu, Q. D.
Li, L. J.
Yang, D.
Xia, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/232361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
terahertz imaging
rubber composites
nondestructive testing
defects
wykrywanie terahercowe
materiały gumowe
badania nieniszczące
defect gumy
Opis:
In recent years, with the progress of science, more and more detection methods are being used in various fields. However, the nondestructive testing of nonmetallic materials still needs further study. In this paper, an analysis of the time domain characteristics of rubber materials using terahertz detection technology was carried out, obtaining different defect rubber material spectral characteristics as well as imaging results and data. The results show that the THz spectrum imaging technique can detect the thickness of rubber material in the 0.1 ~ 4.0 terahertz band, and the image is clear and the resolution high. Meanwhile the time domain waveform obtained is sensitive to the debonding defects of the sample rubber, is suitable for judging the overall performance of the rubber inner defect detection, and can provide the scientific basis for rubber material performance.
W artykule przedstawiono analizę charakterystyk materiałów gumowych z wykorzystaniem technologii wykrywania terahercowego, uzyskując różne charakterystyki spektralne defektów gumy, a także wyniki i dane obrazowe. Wyniki pokazały, że technika obrazowania widma THz może wykrywać grubość materiału gumowego w paśmie 0,1 ~ 4,0 terahercowym, a obraz jest wyraźny i ma wysoka rozdzielczość. W międzyczasie otrzymany przebieg domeny czasu jest wrażliwy na defekty badanej gumy, jest odpowiedni do oceny ogólnej wydajności wykrywania wewnętrznego defektu gumy i może zapewnić podstawy dla oceny właściwości materiału gumowego.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2018, 1 (127); 67-72
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Marine search and rescue of UAV in long-distance security modeling simulation
Autorzy:
Zheng, L.
Hu, J.
Xu, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
marine search and rescue
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
long distance security
Opis:
Long-distance safety of Marine search and rescue using drones can improve the searching speed. The current method is based on the long distance security classification of UAV.The degree of accuracy is low. A long-distance security modeling approach based on ArduinoMiniPro’s Marine search-and-rescue applying UAV is proposed. The method puts the fault tree analysis and relevant calculation for risk identification into use. The main factors affecting the safety of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are long-distance searching and rescuing. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively build modeling for the long-distance safety of the Marine search and rescue UAV.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 3; 192-199
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnolol inhibits Streptococcus suis-induced inflammation and ROS formation via TLR2/MAPK/NF-κB signaling in RAW264.7 cells
Autorzy:
Wang, J.
Sun, Y.
Zhang, L.
Xu, W.
You, J.
Lu, H.
Song, Y.
Wei, J.
Li, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
magnolol
Streptococcus suis
Toll-like receptor2
mitogen-activated protein kinase
nuclear factor Kappa B
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2018, 21, 1; 111-118
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinetic research of quinoline, pyridine and phenol adsorption on modified coking coal
Autorzy:
Sun, X.
Xu, H.
Wang, J.
Ning, K.
Huang, G.
Yu, Y.
Ma, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
adsorption kinetics
modification
coking coal
coking wastewater
Opis:
Adsorption is widely used in wastewater treatment. In this work, the removal of quinoline, pyridine and phenol from coking wastewater by using modified coking coal, which was treated by four different modification methods i.e. acidification sodium hydroxide (5 mol/dm3), hydrochloric acid (5 mol/dm3) and acetic acid (5 mol/dm3) and low-temperature (105 oC) oxidation, was investigated. The modified coal was characterized by the surface area analysis, SEM, total acidity and basicity and FT-IR. The results showed that the surface area from high to low follows the order: modification with acetic acid, modification with hydrochloric acid, raw coal, modification with sodium hydroxide and modification with low-temperature. Experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion. The adsorption of all followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The result showed that the removal efficiency of coal modified by hydrochloric acid and acetic acid are higher than raw coal, while modified by sodium hydroxide and low-temperature are lower than raw coal., The coal modified by hydroxide acid had the best adsorption capacity.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 3; 965-974
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation into particulate size distributions in the exhaust gas of diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel blends
Autorzy:
Chuepeng, S.
Theinnoi, K.
Xu, H. M.
Wyszynski, M. L.
York, A. P. E.
Hartland, J. C.
Qiao, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biodiesel
PM
combustion
diesel
PM size distribution
Opis:
Particulate matter (PM) size distributions in the exhaust gas of biodiesel blend fuelled diesel engines have been studied by experimenting firstly on a single cylinder equipped with a pump-line-injector injection system and secondly for comparison on a V6 DI engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. Both engines were operated with a biodiesel (RME) blend of B30 and ultra low sulphur diesel fuel (ULSD). Several engine load conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were selected. Particulate number concentrations vs. the electrical mobility equivalent diameter were examined using a fast differential mobility spectrometer. The effect of engine operating conditions including EGR rates on particulate emissions has been investigated. It is found that PM sizes from combustion of B30 without EGR operation are generally smaller than those from ULSD while number concentrations are higher. This can result in lower PM mass estimates for the B30 case if due care is not taken. When EGR is applied to control nitrogen oxides emissions, both the total PM number and mass are increased and shifted toward the larger sizes for both fuels used in the test. The calculated total PM mass from B30 combustion is lower than in the ULSD case for all the tested engine operating conditions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 75-82
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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