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    Tytuł:
    Perspektywiczne kierunki rozwoju biologii człowieka w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem auksologii
    Perspectives of human biology in Poland, with special emphasize to auxology
    Autorzy:
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Siniarska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1961955.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    auksologia
    biologia człowieka
    ontogeneza człowieka
    pediatria
    gerontologia
    auxology
    human biology
    human ontogeny
    pediatry
    gerontology
    Opis:
    Protoculture has already existed in animals and is manifested by using a natural object as a tool or by coping the habits of another animals being successful in doing something. At the beginning it was the practice of everyday life, the act of survival, what can be understood as “technique”. After that the process of rational cognition (theory) takes place, and innovative theories propagate the “science” development. Science discovers rules in our nature and society as well as in human activity called culture. Science is a certain sphere of consciousness including self-consciousness, thus science could be created together with consciousness, as a product of thinking mind. Such mind is possessed by humans only. Probably, science has been developed till nowadays following the technological progress. Most likely generalizations of tools behaviors and social contacts have caused brain development and favored abstraction, future vision and articular speech. Since the beginning of Civilization, science had been created not because there was a demand for it, but as the reflection on human life, the result of technical achievements, and as the answer for the question “why does it happen?” When man has protected his basic requirements and received nutritional surplus above daily needs, he has gained a little free time for contemplation, and his reflections have directed the civilization development. In this case, the only way: “thinking is the action” is not adequate. Science, as a turn, causes a revolution in technology, but does not serve for small engineering improvements, as revolutions have also a destructive face. As long as evolution strengthens and improves existing system, revolution destroys the old system, and the new one may fail to be good. If science has been interfered in technique continuously, the technical progress which makes our life easier would have been stopped. Science takes into account cognition of existence, as well as, the realities which are still unknown according to their being and functions. Propagation of knowledge belongs to education, whereas invention of artifacts (things which do not come into existence simultaneously) belongs to technique, engineering and art. The main aim of science is the summary (generalization) of technical and engineering achievements, which may serve as verification of the process of cognition. Science, as a tool of intellectual cognition, should provide a better contact with surrounding world, nature and universe. It should also serve human development and help to understand the sense of our existence, promote ability of thinking and intellectual self-realization. In the context of previous considerations, there are four, very important problems in human biology, especially in auxology. The first one concerns directions of studies on the basis of current information concerning mechanism of ontogeny causing variation in body build and functions of contemporary human populations. The second one deals with dissemination of knowledge in human biology, on the university and general levels. The third problem is about application of human biology and ecology in medical and pedagogic practice, as well as concerns the evaluation of planned engineering actions, changes in human life environment. There is also a fourth problem, which varies in particular countries, and it includes the state of each scientific anthropological atmosphere. In most of countries, physical anthropology is still understood as natural history on Man, his variation in time and space, and as the biological base for social practices. However, the main accent which included anthropogenesis, rasogenesis, and ethnogenesis has changed into mechanisms of adaptation to changing environment (also understood as living conditions and social surroundings) during ontogeny, and causes the mechanisms of evolution (phylogeny is recapitulated during the first phases of ontogeny).
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2009, 7, 1; 7-34
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dzieje placówek ekologii człowieka w Polsce
    History of Human Ecology Institutions in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Siniarska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    ekologia człowieka (historia badań w Polsce)
    human ecology
    human ecology (history of research in Poland)
    Opis:
    Poland is the country where a first scientific institution under the name of Human Ecology (HE) had been established. It took place in 1960 in the National Research Institute of Mother and Child. In 1969 this institution was moved to the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences under the name of Laboratory of Human Ecology then changed into the Department of Human Ecology. In the middle of the 60s, the Laboratory of Human Ecology and Paleopathology was created in the Department of Mediterranean Archaeology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the 70s the Department of Hygiene and Human Ecology existed in the College of Physical Education in Katowice. HE is the main interest of the Department of Human Populational Ecology, Institute of Anthropology of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Since 1999 the Division of Human Ecology within the Department of Biology and Human Ecology exists in the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław. In 2000 the Department of HC in the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences was canceled and then in 2001, the Unit of EC in the Faculty of Christian Philosophy of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University was created. Within this Unit, two Chairs were formed: Human Biology and Cultural Anthropology. The first one contains three Departments: 1. Auxology and Gerontology; 2. Genetics of Human Population and Demography; 3. Public Health and Nutrition. The second Chair has two Departments: 1. Ethnology and Anthropogeography; 2. Urban and Space Planning.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2003, 1, 1; 25-61
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stan biologiczny populacji ludzkich a przemiany środowiska społeczno-ekonomicznego
    Biological status of human populations and changes of the socio-economic environment
    Autorzy:
    Siniarska, Anna
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817652.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    filogeneza
    ontogeneza
    mutacja
    selekcja
    human ecology
    phylogeny
    ontogeny
    mutation
    selection
    Opis:
    Adaptation of life to the environment occurs at two levels - that of an individual and that of a population. In the first step of the process of adaptation variability is produced. It provides necessary material for the second step - selection. Variability is generated during the phylogeny, from one generation to the next. However, variability can also be generated during individual ontogeny at least by protective mechanisms of instinctive behaviors of animals and conscious cultural human actions. Variability originates from point mutations and chromosomal aberrations occurring during transmission of genetic material from generation to generation and through activation, or deactivation, of genes that alters their expression. This variability determines phenotypic differences among individuals. Variability thus produced is subjected to selection because how a phenotype is formed determines its ability to survive and to produce offspring. In human populations, adaptation occurs via biological and via cultural processes. Humans with their culture - especially medicine and social care - protect lives of individuals who otherwise would have been eliminated by natural selection.Hereditary differences among various geographic groups of modern people occur with low frequency - just a fraction of a percentage point. From observations of phenotypes it can be concluded that both structural alterations in the DNA and differences in gene expression cause variations, the majority of genes are inactive at various stages of ontogeny, while various portions of the genotype become active at different times in the life of an individual.Environment influences variation in three ways: (1) by causing mutations or by altering gene expression and (2) by providing conditions for the formation of a phenotype coded by a particular genotype and (3) as a factor of selection, including occurrence of cultural behaviors modifying effects of natural selection. It seems that the main aim of future research in human ecology should be search for the answer to following questions: 1. Can gene expression be changed during ontogeny? 2. To what extent such changes can be inherited? 3. To what extent is there an increase in the occurrence of genes that do not allow survival without special care (genetic load), and 4. How will all this influence future of our species? 
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2006, 4, 1; 17-41
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany tempa rozwoju w ontogenezie człowieka i metody jego badania
    Changes in the growth rate during ontogenesis and methods of its investigation
    Autorzy:
    Siniarska, Anna
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817717.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    antropologia
    ortogeneza
    człowiek
    anthropology
    ontogenesis
    human
    Opis:
    The problem of acceleration of growing processes during childhood and adolescence has been considered for a long time. The observations on this subject date back to the 19th century, however the attempts to summarize this phenomenon were dated to the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century Stratz, distinguishing the period of early and late childhood, had mentioned about three periods of deceleration and two periods of acceleration of growing processes. In 1930 also Boas identified the pubertal spurt. Ones of the first longitudinal studies had been organized in Krakow by Talko-Hryncewicz and continued in 1919-32. The results had been elaborated by Jasicki in 1934-48 and he revealed that there are two periods of acceleration of growing processes.In Poland this acceleration in growth had been called “the maximal height velocity.” The growth spurt at the end of childhood (around 7 years) has been pointed out by many authors in the 1930s, and in 1947 Tanner called it the mid-growth spurt. In 1961 Wolański pointed out that there are several growth spurts in childhood and called them pre (school) spurts. Consequently, in 1962 he had distinguished pubertal spurts for many somatic characteristics, and in 1964 – at least two pubertal spurts in height. Wolański had been analyzing the age at pubertal spurt followed by the age at menarche in rural and urban girls and concluded that these events are further apart if the pubertal spurt occurs later. The further analysis of these phenomena had been postponed because of the unfortunate statistical methods which presented data as mathematically smoothed growth curves and many details of individual growth patterns have been eliminated.Only two last decades the daily and monthly studies of growth processes have returned to favor, and the relationship between the rate and age at prepubertal and pubertal spurts has been studied again. In about 1980 the growth spurt at the turn of childhood and juvenile periods was again under study, but only during the last decade several growth spurts have been manifested. The number of prepubertal growth spurts has a very important impact on age and velocity of the pubertal spurt. If the number of prepubertal spurs is grater, the pubertal spurt occurs later and is less manifested. There are still many controversies according to the age of pubertal spurt and final body height. It may be similar to the relationship between menarche and final body height. It is observed that between populations there is a negative correlation between age at menarche and adult height, whereas between women within the population this correlation is positive (Wolański 1979).
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2005, 3, 1; 43-81
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czym jest współczesna ekologia człowieka
    What is a Contemporary Human Ecology
    Autorzy:
    Siniarska, Anna
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817862.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    human ecology
    Opis:
    Human ecology is a synthetic transdisciplinary science concerned with human life and culture as a dynamic component of ecosystems. Human ecology (HE) synthesizes parts of the knowledge of several classical disciplines in a specific way. The essence of HE is the interaction between humans and the total environment. While the whole idea of HE is originated in anthropology, the first time the term .human ecology" was used in geography and next in sociology. Historically, in its monodisciplinary stage of development, the problems of several classical disciplines related to man and environment were called human ecology. The next stage was the multidisciplinary state, related to IBP (International Biological Programme), presenting a patchwork of information without syntheses. Contemporary HE offers more than a patchwork of knowledge and is based on system theory. In human ecology, human evolution and ontogeny are understood as processes of adaptation and adjustment to the environment. HE may be considered to have two parallel foci: an academic HE as a scientific discipline, and an action-oriented HE (environmental engineering, preservation, education, and health protection against environmental deterioration). In HE several divisions and research perspectives may be defined: 1. Philosophical problems of HE; 2. Social and biological problems of human-environment; 3. Environmental problems of human biology and 4. Cultural adaptive behavior.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2003, 1, 1; 63-95
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Każde dziecko i każda jego cecha ma swoiste tempo rozwoju, modyfikowane przez warunki życia w danym okresie. (Raport 2 z dwuletnich comiesięcznych badań na Jukatanie w Meksyku)
    Each child and each of its features has a specific pace of development, modified by the living conditions in a given period. (Report 2 of a Biennial Monthly Survey in Yucatan, Mexico)
    Autorzy:
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Rojas, Armando
    Valentin, Graciela
    Siniarska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817736.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    Meksyk
    Jukatan
    human ecology
    Mexico
    Yukatan
    Opis:
    In the first report, the specific monthly rate of changes of body build measures, typical for a studied group of youths and /or seasonal changes according to climatic conditions were not observed (Siniarska et al., 2005). The preliminary results suggested that observed changes rather depend on an adjustment to conditions and mode of life than to changes in nature. In the present report changes in particularly studied individuals were analyzed to verify the previous hypothesis suggesting that the rate of development has an immediate (causal) sense. The problem of whether the pubertal spurt is a single developmental effort or series of changes with dominance of intensified increments was considered. To explain the phenomenon of difference in onset of the pubertal spurt and its intensity in various populations, monthly measurements were conducted in individuals being at the age of puberty. The results show that each individual and its variable show a different rate of changes. It suggests that the rate of development and changes in body mass and fat mass are occasional. It rather depends on living conditions, mostly on nutrition and mode of life (physical activity and leisure). The only regularity shows that rather short (1-3 months) periods of rapid growth (saltations) are divided by slower growth periods (stasis), but their duration and time of occurrence have a very individual character. The rate and rhythm of each body build variables are also different. These phenomena depend rather on condition s in which the development of each individual occurs, as well as on its genetic predispositions and eco-sensitivity. It is probable, that differences in onset and intensity of pubertal spurt depend on alternations between periods of saltations and stasis of growth processes and on changes in body mass. These studies need to be repeated during a longer period of time (at least within a 5-year period ), in different climatic conditions and social groups.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2004, 2, 1; 47-74
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Współzależność cech budowy ciała i dynamiki ich zmian w okresie pokwitania (raport 3 z dwuletnich comiesięcznych badań na Jukatanie w Meksyku)
    Interrelation between body build variables and their velocity during puberty. (The third report of monthly-two-year investigations in Yucatan, Mexico)
    Autorzy:
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Rojas, Armando
    Uc, Ligia
    Siniarska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    Jukatan
    Meksyk
    human ecology
    Yukatan
    Mexico
    Opis:
    In the present, the third publication included in this volume, the main topic considers the explanation of the existence of any relations between studied variables of body builds during the period of 22 months, e.g. from the beginning till the end of investigations. At that time the considerable changes related to the pubertal period took place. The results of the correlation matrix between studied variables and factor analysis for the whole material and for each gender separately are presented. It is seen that there are differences between boys and girls in the interrelation concerning studied variables and in separated latent factors. It is rather related to differences in the phase of puberty (more advanced girls than boys in this process), although the same calendar age. Girls who mature earlier are characterized by greater initial stature and greater body weight, BM I fat mass (including subcutaneous fat tissue), and fat-free mass at the beginning and end of the study than girls who mature later. However, later matured girls show, in the whole investigated period, greater increments in stature and weight than earlier matured ones (of the same calendar age). At the earlier stage of puberty (boys under study) the factor one (F I) representing body mass and its increments, is associated with final body height (at the end of study), whereas F3 is associated with initial height (at the beginning of the study). This association is reverse at the latter phase of puberty (girls under study), while F I (also representing body mass but not its increments) is associated with the initial height, whereas final height represents the separate factor (F3).
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2004, 2, 1; 75-88
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy istnieje sezonowy rytm rozwoju w warunkach tropikalnych? (Raport 1 z dwuletnich comiesięcznych badań na Jukatanie w Meksyku)
    Does a seasonal developmental rhythm in tropical conditions exist? (The first report from the monthly-two-year studies in Yucatan, Mexico)
    Autorzy:
    Siniarska, Anna
    Rojas, Armando
    Valentin, Graciela
    Wolański, Napoleon
    Dickinson, Federico
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    ekologia człowieka
    Jukatan
    Meksyk
    human ecology
    Yucatan
    Mexico
    Opis:
    The main aim of this work concerns the answer to the question of whether the general regularity of seasonal differences in changes of height, weight, and body components during ontogeny in tropics exists. If so, whether this phenomenon depends on cyclic changes in nature or this rather is an adjustment to local conditions and mode of life.  To answer this question the studies took place in the tropical climate of Yucatan and included 49 boys and 47 girls aged 11-12 years and being of Maya, Mestizo, and Creole origin. The youths were attending two schools that were located in rather poor districts of Merida (the capital city of the Yucatan State, Mexico). The investigations started in February 2002 and ended in November 2003 and were continued monthly. The standard anthropometric methodology was applied to measure body height, weight, arm, waist, hip, and calf circumferences, and five subcutaneous fat folds (biceps and triceps brachii, subscapular, suprailiac and calf). Bioimpedance techniques were used to estimate fat mass (FM ), fat-free mass (FFM ), and total body water (TBW). The results show that general regularities in monthly or longer rates of stature increments and increments or declines of body mass do not exist. There are not similar regularities of changes even in groups of coevals of the same gender and within the youths coming from the same district. Each variable shows a quite specific rate of change.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2004, 2, 1; 9-46
    1733-1218
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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