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Tytuł:
The surface features of activated stibnite surface with copper or lead ion
Autorzy:
Cao, Q.
Huang, Y.
Zou, H.
Wen, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
stibnite
flotation
activation
active layer
Opis:
Cu2+ and Pb2+ are widely used as activators for the flotation of stibnite. In this work, by the treatment of Cu2+ or Pb2+, the activation product and the thickness of activation layer on the stibnite surface were both investigated. Based on the flotation results, zeta potential analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study, it was found that Cu2+ was reduced to Cu+ at the stibnite surface and a layer of Cu2S was formed at the surface. While, a PbS layer presenting at the stibnite surface is responsible for the activation flotation of stibnite with Pb2+. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis further implies that, when stibnite was activated with 5×10-5 mol/dm3 of CuSO4 or Pb(NO3)2, the thickness of Cu2S layer on the Cu-activated surface was close to 2.7 nm, while the thickness of PbS layer was about 1.8 nm on the Pb-activated surface.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 3; 763-770
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantum Chemical Study of Aminonitrocyclopentanes as Possible High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs)
Autorzy:
Bai, J.
Chi, W. J.
Li, L. L.
Yan, T.
Wen, X. E.
Li, B. T.
Wu, H. S.
Ma, F. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
cyclopentane derivatives
high energy density materials
impact sensitivity
quantum chemistry
DFT
available free space
Opis:
Nitro and amine groups were introduced into the cyclopentane skeleton, and the heats of formation, detonation performance, bond dissociation energies, and impact sensitivity for these aminonitrocyclopentanes were calculated in detail at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. The results show that all of the derivatives have negative heats of formation, which are influenced by the position of the substituent groups. Their stabilities were estimated and analyzed according to their bond dissociation energies and calculated characteristic H50 values. Most of the compounds were found to have a lower impact sensitivity than HMX. Furthermore, the detonation velocities and detonation pressures were predicted via the Kamlet-Jacobs equation. Of all these aminonitrocyclopentanes, E has the best detonation properties (ρ = 2.05 g/cm3, D = 9.11 m/s, P = 39.62 GPa) and can be considered as a candidate high energy density material.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 467-480
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Process improvement and kinetic study on copper leaching from low-grade cuprite ores
Autorzy:
Bai, S.
Fu, X.
Li, C.
Wen, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
cuprite
dissolution kinetics
sulfuric acid leaching
SCM
Opis:
Process improvement and kinetic study on copper leaching from low-grade cuprite ores in sulfuric acid solution are presented in this paper. Effects of major leaching parameters on copper leaching efficiency are determined. The results indicate that copper minerals in the raw ores are mainly cuprites. The reaction rate of this ore increases with an increase in temperature, reaction time, sulfuric acid concentrations and decrease in the particle size of ore. Leaching of about 92.5% of copper is achieved using 0.125-0.074 mm ore particle size at a reaction temperature of 353 K for 180 min reaction time with 150 g/dm3 sulfuric acid. The solid/liquid ratio was maintained constant at 1:15. Leaching kinetic indicates experimental data complies with shrinking core mode (SCM). It is found in the study that agitation rate is not an influential factor on leaching rate and that the dissolution rate is controlled by surface chemical reaction. The average activation energy of the process is determined to be 45.28 kJ mol-1, and the reaction order of H2SO4 is 0.8093.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 300-310
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction and validation for the aerodynamic noise of high-speed train power car
Autorzy:
Jiang, S.
Yang, S.
Wu, D.
Wen, B-Ch.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/375504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
aerodynamic noise
high-speed train
Lighthill-Curle theory
simulation model
online test
hałas aerodynamiczny
pociąg ekspresowy
teoria Lighthilla-Curle
model symulacyjny
test online
Opis:
The aerodynamic noise of high-speed train power car was investigated in this article. The full-scale power car was first modeled, and the external steady flow field was computed by a realizable k-ε turbulence model. The aerodynamic noise sources of the power car surface and the external transient flow field were then calculated by broadband noise source model and large eddy simulation (LES) model, respectively. The static pressures on the train surface were obtained from the results of the transient model. Considering the transient flow field, the far-field aerodynamic noise generated by the power car was finally derived from Lighthill-Curle theory. It was validated by means of on-line tests that have been performed along a real high-speed railway line. Through comparisons between simulations and measurements, it is shown that the simulation model gives reliable aerodynamic noise predictions. We foresee numerous applications for modeling and control of the aerodynamic noise in high-speed train.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2018, 13, 2; 91-102
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On automatic boundedness of Nemytskiĭ set-valued operators
Autorzy:
Rolewicz, S.
Song, Wen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1289712.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Nemytskiĭ set-valued operators
superposition measurable set-valued operators
automatic boundedness
modular spaces
Opis:
Let X, Y be two separable F-spaces. Let (Ω,Σ,μ) be a measure space with μ complete, non-atomic and σ-finite. Let $N_F$ be the Nemytskiĭ set-valued operator induced by a sup-measurable set-valued function $F:Ω × X → 2^{Y}$. It is shown that if $N_F$ maps a modular space $(N(L(Ω,Σ,μ;X)), ϱ_{N,μ})$ into subsets of a modular space $(M(L(Ω,Σ,μ;Y)),ϱ_{M,μ})$, then $N_F$ is automatically modular bounded, i.e. for each set K ⊂ N(L(Ω,Σ,μ;X)) such that $r_K = sup{ϱ_{N,μ}(x) : x ∈ K} < ∞$ we have $sup{ϱ_{M,μ}(y): y ∈ N_F(K)} < ∞$.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1995, 113, 1; 65-72
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure, Mechanical and Detonation Properties of Elastomeric Micro/Ultrafine-rubber Modified TNT-based Molten Energetic Composites
Autorzy:
Ma, Q.
Wang, P.-S.
Luo, G.
Wen, M.-P.
Gao, D.-Y.
Zheng, B.-H.
Shu, Y.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
micro and ultrafine rubber
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
molten energetic composites
mechanical properties
detonation performance
Opis:
Elastomeric micro- and ultrafine-rubber are first considered as binders in melt-cast explosives for improving the mechanical properties. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-NBR), carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (CNBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-CNBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-SBR), carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (CSBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-CSBR), acrylic rubber (ACM), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-ACM), room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-RTV) and polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) in micro-rubber form (PTFE-M) were utilized for modifying 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based melt-cast explosives. Based on their dispersity in TNT and RDX slurry, only UF-NBR, UF-CNBR and PTFE-M can be used. In the modification experiment, their influence on the mechanical and detonation performance of the matrixes were studied, as well as the impact sensitivity. Compared with PTFE-M and UF-CNBR, UF-NBR improved the tensile and compressive strength of the original formulation CYCLOTOL-65/35. The toughening mechanism was also explained through interfacial interactions and fracture energy analysis. The predicted detonation properties of the modified formulations (detonation pressure variations from 26 to 28 GPa, detonation velocity variations from 7900 to 8100 m/s) are at the same energy level as CYCLOTOL-65/35. In addition, the drop hammer impact testing results confirm that the formulation containing UF-NBR is more sensitive than the one with UF-CNBR, with the same amount of additive.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 4; 723-743
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of leaching kinetics of cerussite in sodium hydroxide solutions
Autorzy:
Feng, Q.
Wen, S.
Wang, Y.
Zhao, W.
Deng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
cerussite
sodium hydroxide
leaching
kinetics
activation energy
Opis:
The leaching kinetics of cerussite in alkaline medium was investigated with respect to experimental variables such as sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature, particle size and stirring speed. The results showed that leaching reagent concentration and reaction temperature exerted significant effects on the extraction of lead, whereas particle size and stirring speed exhibited a relatively moderate effect on the leaching rate. The leaching process followed the kinetic law of the shrinking core model, and the dissolution rates were controlled by the surface chemical reaction with an apparent activation energy value of 43.79 kJ/mol. A corresponding dissolution kinetic equation was also proposed to describe the dissolution reaction. The results indicated that sodium hydroxide could be used as an effective leaching reagent for extracting lead from cerussite.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 2; 491-500
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of synergistic effect between dodecylamine and sodium oleate on improving the hydrophobicity of fluorapatite
Autorzy:
Cao, Q.
Luo, B.
Wen, S.
Cheng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
fluorapatite
hydrophobicity
synergistic effect
mixed collector
Opis:
The influence of synergistic effect between dodecylamine (DDA) and sodium oleate (NaOl) on the hydrophobicity of fluorapatite (FA) was investigated with contact angle, surface tension, XPS and zeta potential studies. The role of pH and the mixing ratio of surfactants on the synergistic behavior were considered. Basing on the contact angle results the suitable pH for the NaOl-DDA mixture was pH 9.5. A further study indicated that the 3:7 DDA-NaOl mixtures could notably improve the contact angle comparing to that only with DDA or NaOl. In the solution of this mixture, the DDA cation and DDA molecule both adsorb at the FA surface as revealed by the XPS spectra results. The zeta potential analysis further suggested that the adsorption of oleate at the FA surface was also improved. The presence of DDA cation and DDA molecule was expected to result in a uniform packing of surfactants at the FA surface.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 1; 42-55
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic diversity and relationship of Hunan province of China local tree peonies based on SSR markers
Autorzy:
Zhang, M.-H.
Jin, X.-L.
Wen, Y.-F.
Shen, S.
Wen-Xing
Wu, S.
Lu, J.-H.
Ye-Ye
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12665369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
China
Hunan Province
plant cultivation
tree peony
Paeonia suffruticosa
ornamental plant
genetic diversity
genetic relationship
SSR marker
Opis:
Paeonia sect. Moutan is a wide known ornamental plant in the world. The objective of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for scientific preservation and utilization of tree peony resources of Hunan province of China. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of 21 tree peony resources and 45 domestic and foreign tree peony cultivars. Clear bands, the size of which ranged from 115 bp to 379 bp, were detected with 14 primers. In total, 90 alleles were detected and the number of alleles detected with one primer varied between 5 and 13; the number of effective alleles ranged from 1.183 to 2.070; the polymorphism ratio of each locus was 100%. The observed heterozygosity, which ranged from 0.120 to 0.851 with an average of 0.532, was larger than the expected one, which ranged from 0.090 to 0.470 with an average of 0.300. Shannon index ranged from 0.137 to 0.695 and fixation index ranged from −0.332 to −0.869. The results show abundant genetic diversity in tree peony of Hunan province and SSR markers distinguishing homonymous tree peony resources successfully.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2019, 18, 4; 213-223
1644-0692
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flotation behaviour and surface characteristic of anosovite in a sodium oleate solution
Autorzy:
Wang, Y.
Wen, S.
Zhang, J.
Wu, D.
Xian, Y.
Shen, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
anosovite
sodium oleate
flotation
adsorption
Opis:
Properties of anosovite in titanium slag, anosovite flotation response in a collector solution of sodium oleate, and adsorption behaviour of sodium oleate on the mineral surface were studied in the present work using XRD, Raman spectra, flotation tests, zeta potential analysis, FTIR and XPS. The results show that the anosovite crystal contains magnesium, and its chemical composition is Mg0.09Ti2.91O5. The chemical bonds on the anosovite surface mainly comprise Ti-O bonds. Micro-flotation tests indicate that anosovite has better floatability at a wide pH range and the recovery reaches 88% at pH=6, when the dosage of sodium oleate is only 4·10−6 mol/dm3. The point of zero charge of anosovite was determined near pH 3.2 by the zeta potential measurement. In the flotation process, chemical adsorption occurs between the carboxyl of sodium oleate and the titanium sites on the anosovite surface.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2017, 53, 2; 714-723
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flocculation/dispersion of hematite with caustic digested starch
Autorzy:
Tang, M.
Wen, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
starch
alkali-digestion
flocculation
dispersion
Opis:
Selective flocculation of hematite with starch is a process well-known in practice. However, the separation of hematite from other minerals depends strongly on the methods of starch digestion performed either as heating-digestion or alkali-digestion (different type and dosage of alkali). The purpose of this study is to identify possible influence of the alkali-digested starch on flocculation of ultra-fine hematite when the starch was digested at different concentrations of sodium hydroxide at room temperature. Adsorption of starch digested with sodium hydroxide at different concentration on hematite was investigated by abstraction and co-precipitation tests. Turbidities tests, settling rates, flocculation/dispersion measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) have also been conducted. Based on the results of the above mentioned tests it is suggested that the flocculating power of caustic digested starch towards fine particles may be significantly weakened, while its dispersing ability starts to play a role instead, if the concentration of sodium hydroxide is high enough in starch digestion. When the weight ratio of NaOH /starch is lower than 2, incomplete gelatinization of starch granules may lead to coagulation of fine particles of hematite mostly due to non-selective electrostatic attraction. The weight ratio of NaOH /starch from 2 to 4 helps to flocculate mineral surfaces selectively and efficiently, assuring a complete digestion of starch granules and a small amount of acidic functional products on the starch chain. However, much smaller and homogenous short-chain granules resulting from higher concentration of sodium hydroxide (the weight ratio of NaOH /starch is more than 4) used to digest starch may weaken the flocculating capacity of the caustized starch for hematite and lead to its dispersion.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 2; 477-489
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficient sulfidization of lead oxide at high temperature using pyrite as vulcanizing reagent
Autorzy:
Zheng, Y.-X.
Lv, J.-F.
Wang, H.
Wen, S.-M.
Huang, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
lead oxide
sulfidization roasting
pyrite
reaction mechanism
TG
Opis:
A sulfidization roasting-flotation process was usually viewed to be effective in treating the refractory oxide ore. In this paper, pyrite was proposed to be applied as a potential vulcanizing reagent to transform PbO or its surface to PbS based on feasibilities of technology and economy. The evolution process, phase and characteristics of crystal growth were investigated by TG, XRD and SEM-EDS, respectively, to interpret the interaction mechanism of lead oxide and pyrite at high temperature. It was found that the decomposition process of pyrite under argon atmosphere was a slow process of sulfur released from FeS2 to FexS, which made the process easier to be controlled. When PbO was introduced into the system, the initial solid-solid (PbO-FeS2) reaction and prevailing solid-gas (PbO-S2(g)) reaction occurred at about 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Combined with the SEM-EDS analyses results, the optimal temperature for the sulfidization of PbO should be in the range of 700-750 °C.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 270-277
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of pH on surface characteristics and flotation of sulfidized cerussite
Autorzy:
Feng, Q.
Wen, S.
Zhao, W.
Liu, J.
Liu, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
cerussite
sulfidization
excessive sulfide ions
pH
surface analysis
Opis:
The effect of pH on surface characteristic and flotation of sulfidized cerussite was studied by micro-flotation tests, dissolution experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The micro-flotation tests demonstrated that higher recovery of cerussite was achieved in acidic solutions than that in alkaline solutions. Despite the addition of high collector concentrations, cerussite flotation did not improved in alkaline solutions. The dissolution performance of sulfide-treated cerussite at different pH values indicated that the lead sulfide layer on the surface of sulfide-treated cerussite could exist in acidic solutions and it was more stable at acidic pH than in alkaline solutions. This finding was proved by the SEM-EDS and XPS analyses.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2016, 52, 2; 676-689
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Different Ignition Responses of Powdery and Bulky 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) Based Polymer-bonded Explosives under Ultra-high Voltage Electrostatic Discharge
Autorzy:
Lyu, Z.
Long, X.
Li, Z.
Dai, X.
Deng, C.
He, S.
Li, M.
Yao, K.
Wen, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
electrostatic spark sensitivity
ultra-high voltage electrostatic discharge
thermal effect
electric field effect
Opis:
The electric spark induced ignition mechanism for explosives needs further study. The ignition of powdery and bulky TATB by electrostatic discharge (ESD) was investigated. Up to 200 kV ultra-high voltage ESD was applied to powdery and bulky explosives of two TATB-based polymer-bonded explosives (named PBX-1 and PBX-2). The results showed that the spark sensitivities of powdery and bulky explosives are extremely different for the same formulation. The 50% ignition voltages of powdery PBX-1 and PBX-2 were 10.8 kV and 8.5 kV, respectively, while the values for the bulky samples (tablets) were not less than 200 kV. Both heat and the electric field can be transmitted into the powdery samples, on the other hand only the electric field can be transmitted into the bulk samples. The electric field has a smaller contribution while the heat has a larger contribution to the ignition during an ESD, i.e., the thermal effect plays a main role in the ignition process. Our experimental results are in good agreement with recent results calculated by density functional theory.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 283-298
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Copper adsorption reaction rate and ion exchange ratio during the copper activation of sphalerite
Autorzy:
Liu, J.
Luo, D.
Huang, L.
Wang, Y.
Wen, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
sphalerite
copper activation
solution chemistry
ion exchange ratio
reaction rate
Opis:
A theoretical analysis method of the solution chemistry characteristic of Cu(II) at various pH values was developed. Using such method, the existence form of Cu species and their proportions in aqueous solution can be clearly determined. After that, the copper adsorption and ion exchange ratio (E) during the copper activation of sphalerite were investigated. The results indicated that the copper activation of sphalerite can be divided into two stages, i.e., the fast activation stage (t ≤4 min) and slow activation stage (t >4 min). The general form of the copper adsorption rate was determined as ΓCu=K1ln(t) +Γ1, which is confirmed by the data fitting of the fast activation stage. The lower activation pH results in higher ion exchange efficiency for Cu substituting Zn. For a strong acid pH of 4.1, the E maintains about 1:1 in the entire activation time range and is not dependent on the activation time. However, the value of E is greater than 1 under weak acidic (pH=6.2) and alkaline (pH=9.1) pH conditions and it significantly depends on the activation time. For such conditions, E decreases with increase in the activation time, which supports the ion exchange mechanism, but within short activation time, it is not a 1:1 ion exchange process.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 377-385
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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