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Tytuł:
Wytwarzanie odlewów o strukturze bezdendrytycznej z zastosowaniem metody RSF (Rapid Slurry Forming)
Production of castings with non-dendritic structure using the Rapid Slurry Forming method
Autorzy:
Konopka, Z.
Wasik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
Tematy:
zawiesina metalowa
stopy aluminium
krzepnięcie
struktura bezdendrytyczna
metal slurry
aluminum alloys
solidification
nondendritic structure
Opis:
W artykule opisano szereg metod odlewania w stanie ciekło-stałym SSM prowadzących do otrzymania odlewów o strukturze bezdendrytycznej, która wpływa znacznie na poprawę właściwości mechanicznych odlewu. Do wytworzenia zawiesiny metalowej zastosowano metodę RSF (Rapid Slurry Forming). Bazując na matematycznym opisie procesu wytwarzania zawiesiny metalowej w procesie RSF, wykonano odlewy ze stopu AlSi7Mg z zawiesiny zawierającej 30% objętościowo fazy stałej uzyskanej w wyniku mieszania i roztapiania ochładzalnika. Przedstawiono strukturę uzyskanych odlewów grawitacyjnych. Wykonano pomiar temperatury w czasie wytwarzania zawiesiny i krzepnięcia odlewu i porównano z wartościami obliczonymi.
The article describes several variations of the semi-solid metal processing (SSM) technique rendering castings with non-dendritic structure and significantly improved mechanical properties. The metal slurry was produced using the Rapid Slurry Forming (RSF) method. Based on a mathematical description of the RSF process of the metal slurry fabrication, castings were poured from the AlSi7Mg alloy in the form of a slurry with 30 vol. % solid fraction obtained by stirring and melting down of a chill element. Shown is the structure obtained by gravity casting. The temperature was measured during the slurry preparation and solidification of casting. The data obtained experimentally were compared with the theoretically calculated values.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2015, T. 55, nr 4, 4; 3-10
1899-2439
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of SiC particle size on mechanical properties of aluminium matrix composites
Wpływ wielkości cząstek fazy umacniającej SiC na właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów na osnowie aluminium
Autorzy:
Wąsik, A.
Leszczyńska-Madej, B.
Madej, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
aluminum matrix composites
particle size ratio (PSR)
powder metallurgy
silicon carbide
compression test
kompozyty na osnowie aluminium
SWC
stosunek wielkości cząstek
metalurgia proszków
węglik krzemu
ściskanie
Opis:
The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of SiC particle size on the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. The reinforcing phase was introduced into the aluminum matrix in two different particle sizes: a coarse fraction with particle size ranging from 40 to 60 μm, and a fine fraction with particle size of less than 2 μm. The SiC particles were added in various quantities equal to 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% in order to determine the influence of different contents of the reinforcing phase on the density, hardness, and compressive strength of the obtained composite materials. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the microstructure observations were performed and allowed for defining the influence of matrix/reinforcement particle size ratio (PSR) on the distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix. The Al-SiC composites were prepared through the conventional powder metallurgy technique, including compaction under a pressure of 300 MPa and a sintering process in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600°C. Applying the reinforcing phase with the particle size (40–60 μm) similar to matrix (<63 μm) allowed us to obtain a more-uniform distribution of SiC particles in the matrix than after introducing the fine fraction of reinforcement (2 μm). The mechanical properties of the Al-SiC composites increased with increases in the weight fraction of the reinforcing phase, wherein this effect is more visible for composites reinforced with SiC particles of finer gradation.
Celem badań było określenie wpływu wielkości cząstek fazy umacniającej SiC na właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów na osnowie aluminium. Do aluminiowej osnowy wprowadzono fazę SiC o różnej wielkości cząstek, tworzących tzw. frakcję drobną (2 μm) oraz grubą (40–60 μm). Celem zbadania wpływu zawartości cząstek węglika krzemu w osnowie na gęstość, twardość oraz wytrzymałość na ściskanie otrzymanych kompozytów udział wagowy cząstek SiC określono odpowiednio na poziomie: 2,5; 5; 7,5 oraz 10% wag. Przeprowadzono również obserwacje mikrostrukturalne przy użyciu skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM), które pozwoliły na określenie wpływu stosunku wielkości cząstek materiału osnowy oraz fazy umacniającej na rozkład cząstek SiC w aluminiowej osnowie. Materiał został wytworzony metodą konwencjonalnej metalurgii proszków, obejmującą proces prasowania pod ciśnieniem 300 MPa oraz spiekania w atmosferze azotu w temperaturze 600°C. Zastosowanie cząstek fazy umacniającej o wielkości (40–60 μm) zbliżonej do rozmiaru cząstek materiału osnowy (<63 μm) pozwoliło uzyskać bardziej równomierny rozkład cząstek fazy umacniającej SiC w osnowie niż w przypadku wprowadzenia cząstek SiC o drobnej frakcji (poniżej 2 μm). Właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów Al-SiC wzrosły wraz ze wzrostem udziału wagowego fazy umacniającej, przy czym efekt ten jest bardziej widoczny w przypadku umocnienia cząstkami SiC o mniejszej gradacji.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2017, 43, 1; 41-49
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure Characterization of SiC Reinforced Aluminium and Al4Cu Alloy Matrix Composites
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska-Madej, B.
Wąsik, A.
Madej, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
metal matrix composites
aluminium
SiC
sintering atmosphere
microstructure
Opis:
A conventional powder metallurgy method (PM) was used to produce Al-SiC and Al4Cu alloy matrix composites with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% of SiC particles. Two different sizes of the reinforcing phase particles were applied to determine their effect on composite microstructure. The sintering process was carried out at 600°C under nitrogen atmosphere, and its consequence was the appearance of aluminium nitrides in composite microstructure acting as an additional strengthening phase. The composites were next re-pressed and re-sintered (2p2s) under the same conditions. The main aim of this article was to examine the microstructure of the SiC reinforced Al and Al4Cu alloy matrix composites. To achieve this goal and characterize the sintered materials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 747-755
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Godna uwagi kolonia rozrodcza nocka dużego Myotis myotis w Wielgomłynach
A notable roosting colony of the large mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis in Wielgomłyny
Autorzy:
Osojca Krasinski, G.
Zegarek, M.
Satory-Wasik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Mazowiecko-Świętokrzyskie Towarzystwo Ornitologiczne
Tematy:
nocek duzy
Myotis myotis
nietoperze
gatunki chronione
Wielgomlyny
obserwacje zwierzat
zagrozenia zwierzat
kolonie rozrodcze
Źródło:
Kulon; 2011, 16
1427-3098
Pojawia się w:
Kulon
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aspects of Pollution in Gdansk and Gdynia Harbours at the Coastal Zone of the South Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Radke, B.
Piketh, S.
Wasik, A.
Namieśnik, J.
Dembska, G.
Bolałek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117018.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
coastal zone
Port of Gdynia
Port of Gdańsk
Opis:
Organotin compounds (OTC), as well as metals, are toxic to many organisms. Even at very low concentrations OTC and metals can have several negative effects. The paper discusses key issues relating to the location of harbours in the coastal zone (including near the river mouths and semi‐closed access to the sea) and the pollution of harbour sediments with heavy metals (e.g. zinc, copper, nickel and lead) and organotin derivatives (e.g. butyltin, phenyltin, octyltin, and tricyclohexyltin), using the examples of the Gdańsk and Gdynia ports. The authors have described key spatial factors of the two ports which largely determine sedimentation processes. It has been shown that the heavy metals content in the sediments of the Port of Gdańsk does not exceed the concentration values permitted by Polish law, however, the problem with the establishment of standard concentration levels for organotin derivatives remains.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 1; 11-18
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dielectric and Optical Studies of Homologous Series of Bicyclo[2,2,2]octane Derivatives with -NCS Terminal Group
Autorzy:
Herba, H.
Żywucki, B.
Czechowski, G.
Bauman, D.
Wąsik, A.
Jadżyn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933452.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
61.30.Gd
77.22.Ch
78.20.Fm
Opis:
The static dielectric constants and the optical birefringence for four members of the homologous series of bicyclo[2,2,2]octane derivatives with -NCS terminal group (pentyl to octyl) have been measured as a function of temperature. From the dielectric anisotropy, the optical birefringence as well as the polarized absorption spectra of the dichroic dye dissolved in the liquid crystalline host the order parameter has been determined. The results obtained by using various experimental methods have been compared with those calculated from the Maier-Saupe mean field theory. It has been found that the order parameter for the successive homologues shows alternation similar to that exhibited for the nematic-isotropic transition temperature.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1995, 87, 6; 985-994
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba oceny liczebności lerki Lullula arborea w ostoi Natura 2000 Puszcza Notecka w roku 2010
An attempt was made to assess the number of Woodlark Lullula arborea in the Puszcza Notecka Special Protection Area (SPA) in 2010
Autorzy:
Mizera, T.
Kujawa, D.
Cierplikowska, K.
Krajewska, A.
Kraskiewicz, A.
Takacs, W.
Bielewicz, M.
Chudzicki, M.
Cierplikowski, D.
Cykowiak, Z.
Dabrowski, G.
Gielda-Pinas, K.
Grzegorzek, M.
Pakula, M.
Pikula, A.
Sznajder, T.
Wasik, A.
Wieckowski, J.
Skorka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
ptaki
lerka
Lullula arborea
liczebnosc
obszary specjalnej ochrony ptakow
Puszcza Notecka
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2011, 13, 2[27]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtowanie się szerokości przyrostów rocznych i wytrzymałości na zginanie statyczne drewna kasztanowców białych (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) w warunkach środowiska miejskiego
Formation of the annual rings width and bending strength of horse chestnuts wood (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in urban environment
Autorzy:
Wasik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/881519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Leśny Zakład Doświadczalny. Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej w Rogowie
Tematy:
miasta
drzewa lisciaste
kasztanowiec bialy
Aesculus hippocastanum
drewno kasztanowca
przyrosty roczne
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
wytrzymalosc na zginanie statyczne
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej; 2014, 16, 2B[39]
1509-1414
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze
The quality of spruce timber from natural stands (forest reserves) and managed stands
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Wasik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
drzewostany swierkowe
drzewostany naturalne
drzewostany gospodarcze
surowce drzewne
drzewa lesne
swierk
drewno swierkowe
jakosc
struktura jakosciowa
wady drewna
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej jakości surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze. W analizach uwzględniono również wady drewna wpływające na wyniki klasyfikacji badanego surowca oraz częstotliwość ich występowania. Wytypowane do badań drzewostany zlokalizowane były w terenach górskich: w Sudetach i Karpatach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że nieznacznie lepsze pod względem jakości surowca drzewnego są w porównaniu z drzewostanami naturalnymi (rezerwatowymi) drzewostany pełniące funkcje gospodarcze.
The aim of this study is to determine the variation in the quality structure of spruce timber and to analyze the frequency of occurrence of trees with defects, including the generic structure of defects in natural stands (forest reserves) and stands serving economic functions. The study was conducted on 20 experimental plots located within the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains, of which 10 were located in the area of nature reserves or national parks while the other 10 - in the managed stands (table 1). Each experimental plot constituted 5 or 10% of the area of the whole stand, depending on its differentiation. The following tasks were performed on the experimental plots: measurement of the breast-height diameter of each tree with a thickness of at least 7 cm, measurement of the height of each tree, quality assessment of the first section of the tree stem from the base along with its quality-dimensional class or group [Zasady... 2003], recording the types and varieties of wood defects. Analyzing the research material obtained, the stem of each tree growing on an experimental plot underwent simulated division into sections corresponding to the quality-dimensional classes and groups which could theoretically be distinguished over the whole length of a stem up to its top. The starting point was the quality-dimensional class noted in the butt section of the stem (section 1) during the field research. The above tasks included the use of the Radwański tables [Roczniki... 1956], which allowed the determination of the size and volume of each section of the spruce stems on the basis of the breast-height diameter and the tree height; wood defects, noted in field, were also taken into account. The material obtained was divided into 2 groups: data from the reserves and from the managed stands. For the material grouped in this way, juxtapositions were made of the average volumes of individual stem sections in quality-dimensional classes and groups of timber and the percentages of particular timber classes and groups in the two stand types were calculated. The material was also analyzed taking into account the generic structure of defects (percentages of individual trees with particular wood defects in a given group of stands). The next stage consisted in statistical analyses using the U-Mann-Whitney test, examining the significance of differences in the quality-dimensional structure of timber and the share of trees with defects between the two groups of stands. The research showed that trees growing in natural stands (reserves) are characterized by a greater average height, thickness (d1.3 and d1/2) and volume of individual trees as compared with the same characteristics of spruce trees in managed stands (table 2). Also, the average volume of the large-sized timber sections (WA, WB1, WB, WC, WD) of individual trees from natural forests dominated the volume of tree sections in managed stands. Despite that fact, the volume/ha of natural forest stands was lower (355.91 m3/ha) than of managed stands (380.27 m3/ha). By analyzing the quality-dimensional structure of the examined timber it was found that the proportion of higher quality timber classes (WA and WB) prevails in the managed stands, resulting in a lower share of the WC class of timber (fig. 1). Only the share of WB1 class timber prevails in natural stands. The managed stands also showed a larger share of medium-sized timber (groups S1, S2 and S4) as compared to natural forests. TheU-Mann-Whitney statistical test, however, did not show statistically significant differences in the timber quality structure between the natural and the managed stands (U = 49.00, Z = -0.0378, p = 0.9698). Subsequently, it was found that the proportion of trees with quality reduced by defects was higher in the natural stands (70.38%) as compared to the managed stands (67.13%). The main defect, decisive for timber quality, were knots (in both groups of stands). The share of trees with that defect was greater in the stands of natural origin (fig. 2). In those stands, there was also a larger share of trees with rot (external and internal rot) and unilateral curvatures. The managed stands demonstrated a share of injuries (overgrown and open ones) as well as bilateral and multilateral curvatures that was higher than in the natural stands. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that in the managed stands within the research area a higher quality of spruce timber as well as higher volume/ha were noted as compared to the natural stands (forest reserves). Stands in forest reserves are generally located at higher altitudes in the mountains or hardly accessible areas; their main purpose are protective functions, they also serve the purposes of research. In the stands situated in forest reserves there was reported, in comparison with the managed stands, a higher incidence of trees with a large number of knots and highly affected by rot. A frequent presence of such defects is inevitable there because this group does not undergo any management cuts that would improve timber quality. Moreover, the presence of rot is due to the advanced age of these stands. At the same time, what is disturbing is a large share of trees with injuriesin the managed stands. Given that spruce is very sensitive to mechanical damage of the stem, resulting in rapid development of rot, caution is recommended during forest management work and harvesting in spruce stands.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2013, 56, 189
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) pochodzącego z drzewostanów rosnących na różnych siedliskowych typach lasu
Variability of selected features of macrostructure and density of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from stands growing in different forest habitats
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wasik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany rebne
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
drewno swierkowe
makrostruktura
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
gestosc drewna
czynniki siedliska
typy siedliskowe lasu
common beech
provenance
variability
silvicultural value
Opis:
This paper presents the genetic variability in the growth parameters and morphological traits, as well as the silvicultural quality of progeny of 23 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances from south−eastern Poland. The research was conducted on the experimental plot established in the Łosie Forest District in spring 2006. After 10 years, during the spring and autumn, we determined and measured the spring phenology and survival rate, the diameter at breast height (dbh), the tree height, and the straightness of trunk. The results obtained point out the considerable variability of analysed features, both within and between different beech populations (tab.). Highest and lowest survival rates are noted for the beeches from Lutowiska and Leżajsk (populations 451 and 461), respectively (fig. 2). Lowest mean height and dbh were achieved by beeches from Bircza (453), while the tallest and broadest trees were from the Kielce population (390) (fig. 3−4). The overall silvicultural assessment based on survival, height, dbh, spring phenological phases and straightness of the trunk revealed that the most valuable populations of beech are those originating from Kielce (390), Bircza (454), Strzyżów (459), Lesko (452), Rymanów (457) and Lutowiska (451). In turn, the analysis resulted in least favourable assessments for beeches from Bircza (453) and Gromnik (362). Thus, we confirmed also that trees of local origin are not always best−adapted to (and do not always grow best in) the place they originate from. The obtained results are highly relevant from the principles of creating the seed source regions for beech in Poland, as the proper selection of a population for the given place of growth may yield benefits for forest ecology and management.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 188-197
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) z regla dolnego i górnego
Variability of selected macrostructural features and density of Picea abies (L.) Karst. wood from lower and upper subalpine forest zones
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wysokosc nad poziomem morza
lesnictwo
lasy gorskie
regiel gorny
regiel dolny
drzewa lesne
swierk pospolity
Picea abies
drewno swierkowe
drewno pozne
gestosc drewna
sloje przyrostu rocznego
szerokosc
czynniki siedliska
tree−ring width
latewood share
height above mean sea level
Opis:
The paper compares the properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) wood from stands growing in the lower and upper subalpine forest zone in terms of the tree−ring width, the share of latewood and the wood density. The investigation concerned material originating from plots established within the boundaries of the south−western incidence of spruce in Poland. Plots were located in the Sudety Mts. and in the Carpathians (tab. 1). On each plot fifteen Norway spruces were chosen and increment cores were sampled using the Pressler borer. The surface of the cores was smoothed and the tree−ring width was measured. The latewood zones were determined and the share of latewood was calculated. Then, the cores were divided into 2 cm sections, for which the relative wood density was determined. Tree−rings were wider in trees growing in the lower when compared with those from the upper subalpine forest zone (tab. 2). Weak negative correlation was revealed between the elevation and the tree−ring width (r=–0.308). The latewood share was slightly higher in trees from the upper than those from the lower subalpine forest zone (tab. 2). However, no statistically significant correlation between the latewood share and elevation was recorded. The wood density was slightly lower in trees from the lower than those from the upper subalpine forest zone (tab. 2), but the difference was not statistically significant. The correlation between the wood density and the elevation turned out to be insignificant.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 10; 855-860
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych na zawartość olejków eterycznych i witaminy C w cetynie i igliwiu sosny zwyczajnej
Influence of industrial pollution on the content of essential oils and vitamin C in twigs and needles of Scots pine
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Wąsik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
cetyna sosnowa
igliwie sosnowe
zawartosc olejkow eterycznych
zawartosc witaminy C
zanieczyszczenia przemyslowe
tillman method
deryng method
active substances
zones of industrial damages
Opis:
The paper concerns the impact of air pollution on the content of essential oils in Scots pine twigs and vitamin C in Scots pine needles. The material used for examination of essential oils content was obtained from two locations: area within the former Aluminium Smelter in Skawina, the other sample was collected in the territory of Rudnik Forest District (southern Poland). Cetin was obtained manually from standing or felled trees. Essential oils content was determined by means of Deryng apparatus. The material used for examination of vitamin C content came from three locations: Chrzanów Forest District, Dąbrowa Tarnowska Forest Distric and the Special Economic Zone located in the area of Mielec Forest District (southern Poland). Vitamin C content in pine needles was determined by Tillman method. The content of essential oils in pine twigs in stands under smaller influence of air pollution was nearly twice the amount in twigs coming from stands under greater influence of this factor. In less polluted stands the content of essential oils in twigs increased as they grew older, whereas, in stands being more exposed to industrial influence the opposite tendency was observed. We recorded that the amount of vitamin C in pine needles coming from stands under greater influence of industry was by ca. 30% smaller than in the material collected from stands less affected by industrial pollution. In both groups of the stands, the highest content of vitamin C was detected in needles from the youngest (age class I) as well as the oldest (age class V) stands. The content of essential oils in twigs as well as vitamin C in pine needles may be considered as the indicator of the environmental pollution degree.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 06; 516-522
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The variability of certain macrostructural features and the density of grand fir (Abies grandis Lindl.) wood from selected stands in southern Poland
Autorzy:
Wasik, R.
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52635.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
variability
certain tissue
macrostructural parameter
density
grand fir
Abies grandis
wood
stand
Polska
Opis:
The paper presents the results of investigations into the variability of certain features of the wood macrostructure, such as the width of the annual ring, the share of late wood, and the relative density of the wood of grand fir, growing in four stands in southern Poland. The trees under investigation were 30-35 years old. The research material consisted of incremental cores sampled from trial trees with the use of a Pressler borer. The examined wood features were analysed in sections, each one comprising five annual rings. The rings were given numbers, sorted in an ascending order from the trunk circumference. The mean values of the analysed features were as follows: the annual ring width – 4.38 mm, the share of late wood - 35.39%, the relative wood density – 0.354g·cm-3. It was established that the wood of grand firs growing on less fertile soils had significantly narrower annual rings and higher wood density than those on more fertile soils.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2015, 58, 195
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparative analysis of pine and beech wood classification according to Polish and EU norms
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A.
Michalec, K.
Wasik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
comparative analysis
pine wood
beech wood
wood
classification
Polish standard
European Union standard
pine timber
beech timber
timber defect
Opis:
Investigations were carried out at timber storage sites (depots) on large-sized pine (110 pieces) and beech (130 pieces) wood from three forest districts within the territory of the Regional Directorates of the State Forests (RDSF) of Łódź, Lublin and Kraków. As a result of a comparison of both classification systems, it was proved that in the case of pine wood classified according to EU norms, the shares of the number of pieces and volume in classes B and C decreased, whereas they increased in class D when compared with Polish classification. Analogically, in the case of beech wood, a decrease in the share of the number of pieces and volume in classes A, B and D, and an increase in class C were recorded. Among the most common defects that influence the classification of both sorts of wood, open and burl knots as well as curvatures are recognised, while in the case of beech wood, shakes and galls (disease T stains) are encountered. The results of the classification determined differences in the wood value. According to the pricelists for wood standing in forest districts where the raw wood under investigation originated, it was established that the value of the pine wood classified according to the EU norm decreased by ca. 7.6% when compared with the value estimated using the Polish norm. The value of the beech wood was nearly identical in both cases, which was mainly due to the higher share of wood of class C and lower share of class D upon applying the EU standards, in comparison with the Polish classification system.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 193
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interactive programming of a humanoid robot
Autorzy:
Wasielica, M.
Wąsik, M.
Kasiński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
bipeds
control of robotic systems
humanoid robots
legged robots
teleoperation
Opis:
This paper presents a control system for a humanoid robot based on human body movement tracking. The system uses the popular Kinect sensor to capture the mo- tion of the operator and allows the small, low-cost, and proprietary robot to mimic full body motion in real time. Tracking controller is based on optimization-free algorithms and uses a full set of data provided by Kinect SDK, in order to make movements feasible for the considerably different kinematics of the humanoid robot compared to the human body kinematics. To maintain robot stability we implemented the balancing algorithm based on a simple geometrical model, which adjusts only the configuration of the robot’s feet joints, maintaining an unchanged imitated posture. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can successfully allow the robot to mimic captured human motion sequences.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2014, 8, 3; 3-9
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 40

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