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    Tytuł:
    Neuropatia nerwu wzrokowego w przebiegu stwardnienia rozsianego i innych chorób neurodegeneracyjnych – metody postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego
    Optic neuropathy in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases – diagnostics and therapeutic procedures
    Autorzy:
    Karolczak-Kulesza, Małgorzata
    Karolczak-Tomkiewicz, Agnieszka
    Chlebowska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Medical Education
    Tematy:
    choroby neurodegeneracyjne
    neuropatia nerwu wzrokowego
    stwardnienie rozsiane
    Opis:
    Etiologia stwardnienia rozsianego (SM, sclerosis multiplex) i innych chorób neurodegeneracyjnych jest bardzo złożona. Może się wiązać z wieloma czynnikami działającymi jednocześnie lub kaskadowo. Istotę choroby stanowi wieloogniskowe rozsiane uszkodzenie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (OUN), które powoduje zróżnicowane objawy neurologiczne i okulistyczne. Częstość występowania wynosi 50/10^5–100/10^5 w zależności od szerokości geograficznej. Schorzenia neurodegeneracyjne zależnie od lokalizacji ognisk procesu chorobowego mogą dawać szereg zróżnicowanych objawów okulistycznych. Autorzy przestawiają współczesne spojrzenie na możliwości postępowania diagnostyczno- terapeutycznego u pacjentów z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem chorych z neuropatią nerwu wzrokowego w przebiegu SM, podkreślając rolę okulisty i kładąc ogromny nacisk na znaczenie współpracy wielospecjalistycznej w ustalaniu właściwego rozpoznania.
    The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases is very complex, thus it may be associated with multiple factors operating simultaneously or in cascade scheme. The essence of the disease is multifocal scattered damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The MS incidence varies 50/10^5–100/10^5 depending on latitude. Neurodegenerative diseases, dependent on the location of pathological focus areas, can produce a number of diverse ophthalmic symptoms. The authors present a contemporary look at the possibilities of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in patients with selected neurodegenerative diseases, with particular attention to patients with optic neuropathy, in the course of MS, by emphasizing the role of ophthalmologist care and accentuating the importance of multidisciplinary co operation in making a correct diagnosis.
    Źródło:
    OphthaTherapy; 2018, 5, 3; 187-193
    2353-7175
    2543-9987
    Pojawia się w:
    OphthaTherapy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Akty delegowane w zakresie unijnego prawa rolnego
    Delegated acts in the field of European Union agricultural law
    Atti delegati nell’ambito del diritto agrario dell’UE
    Autorzy:
    Tomkiewicz, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040691.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    atti delegati
    politica agricola comune
    pronunce della Corte di giustizia dell’UE
    trattado di Lisbone
    delegated acts
    Common Agricultural Policy
    CJEU case law
    Lisbon Treaty
    akty delegowane
    Wspólna Polityka Rolna
    orzeczenia Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE
    Traktat z Lizbony
    Opis:
    Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza aktów delegowanych wydawanych przez Komisję Europejską w ramach reform Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na lata 2014–2020. Przedstawiono w nim wątpliwości interpretacyjne co do dotychczasowej praktyki stosowania tych aktów prawnych. Dotyczą one przede wszystkim interpretacji pojęcia „inne niż istotne elementy aktu ustawodawczego”, co znalazło odzwierciedlenie w wielu orzeczeniach TSUE wydanych przed wejściem w życie Traktatu z Lizbony. Wątpliwości związane są też ze stosowaniem aktów delegowanych i dotyczą zakwalifikowania danej materii prawnej jako przedmiotu regulacji aktu delegowanego lub wykonawczego. Odrębne rozważania poświęcono daleko idącej autonomii Komisji Europejskiej w zakresie przyjmowania aktów delegowanych w sprawach rolnych, co wynika ze szczególnej pozycji sektora rolnego. Zwrócono także uwagę na dużą aktywność legislacyjną Komisji Europejskiej w zakresie przyjmowania aktów delegowanych w procedurze pilnej w sektorze rolnym.
    L’articolo si propone di analizzare gli atti delegati emessi dalla Commissione Europea nell’ambito delle riforme della politica agricola comune per gli anni 2014–2020. Sono stati presentati dubbi interpretativi in merito alla loro prassi di applicazione. Nello specifico, essi si riferiscono all’interpretazione del concetto di “altri non essenziali elementi di un atto legislativo”, di cui si è tenuto conto in molte pronunce della CGUE emesse prima dell’entrata in vigore del trattato di Lisbona. I dubbi riguardano inoltre l’applicazione degli atti delegati nonché il problema di qualificare una determinata materia giuridica come oggetto di regolazione di un atto delegato o esecutivo. Un discorso a parte è stato dedicato a un’ampia autonomia di cui gode la Commissione Europea in materia di adozione di atti delegati in materia agricola, il che è dovuto al fatto che il settore agricolo occupa una posizone particolare. È stata anche messa in rilievo una notevole attività legislativa della Commissione europea in materia di adozione di atti delegati seguendo la procedura d’urgenza nel settore agricolo.
    This article analyses delegated acts adopted by the European Commission under the Common Agricultural Policy for the years 2014–2020. Certain doubts arising from the interpretation of the hitherto practices have been highlighted. They concerned, particularly, the rulings on the interpretation of the concept “other than the essential elements of the legislative act” which has been reflected in many judgments issues by the European Court of Justice before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Other doubts related to the application of delegated acts concern the qualification of a given matter to the subject of regulation by a delegated act or an enforcement act. A separate discussion has been devoted to the far reaching autonomy of the European Commission regarding the adoption of delegated acts involving agricultural matters arising from the special position of the agricultural sector. The legislative activity of the European Commission with regards to the adoption of delegated acts under the urgency procedure in agricultural law has also been recognised.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Prawa Rolnego; 2021, 2(29); 495-508
    1897-7626
    2719-7026
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Legitymizacja organizacji rolników w UE i ich wpływ na regulacje unijnego prawa rolnego
    Legitimization of the organizations of farmers in the EU and their influence on regulations of EU agricultural law
    Autorzy:
    Tomkiewicz, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530977.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
    Tematy:
    supranational agricultural professional organization
    social dialog,
    common agricultural policy
    Opis:
    n recent programs of socio – economic development of the European Union the issue of the organization of modern and innovative forms of economic cooperation, such as clusters gained special meaning. In literature, the term cluster is usually defined as a geographic cluster of interrelated companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related sectors associated with them institutions, in particular fields that compete and also cooperate with each other. Expanding cooperation within the so–formed network and implementing scientific institutions, local and regional authorities and other support organizations located in a certain proximity, allow to expand the sphere of influence, improve information flow, business operations and competitiveness and innovativeness of the business in a particular region. And these are the assumptions that are the essence of the European concept of the cluster as an innovative form of economic cooperation. The issue of rural clusters is discussed much less frequently than issues related to industrial clusters. Recent objective to improve the competitiveness and rural development policies adopted by the European Union in WPR to 2020: cope with future challenges related to food, natural resources and territorial aspects, involve improving the competitiveness and innovation activities through the creation and promotion of projects jointly implemented, including those fulfilled within clusters. In the Polish economic realities the development of clusters in rural areas faces a far–reaching difficulties. The essential difficulties result from the lack of tradition and willingness to cooperate among agricultural producers as well as producers and other subjects of agri – food market. Even more far–reaching are the legal uncertainties, which are concentrated in three areas. First, whether agricultural activity may be regarded as innovative activity. Second, whether on the basis of existing rules can agricultural entrepreneurs be regarded as producers and their manufacturing activity as a business activity, according to the requirements of forming a cluster and can agricultural producers benefit from financial assistance under the program of Innovative Economy. And thirdly, you should consider the importance of agricultural producer groups and their organizations in the creation and functioning of clusters associated with the agri – food production. Legitimization of the organizations of farmers in the EU and their infl uence on regulations of EU agricultural law Key words: supranational agricultural professional organization, social dialog, common agricultural policy Taking under consideration the increasing importance of social dialog which should contribute to ntensify the democratization of decision–making process in EU, the main aim of this article is to present the influence of supranational agricultural professional organizations on the shape of common agricultural policy and agricultural legislation which regulates it. Such organizations were established in the latter half of fifties of the past century to protect and represent interests of different categories of farmers from particular member states (e.g. interests of young farmers, cooperatives or workers in agriculture) on European forum. Among such organizations COPA –Committee of Agricultural Professional Organizations (Comité des Organisations Professionelles Agricoles de l`Union Europénne) is deemed to be the most influential lobbing organization. Within this article there were presented legal conditions which should be fulfilled by supranational agricultural organizations to participate in the mechanisms of social dialog on the EU forum. There were also discussed functions of supranational agricultural professional organizations with special stress on their contribution in the process of making EU law, mainly in the advisory forms. On the background of analysis made in this article, there is picked up an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of actions taken by the supranational agricultural organizations in the sphere of agricultural sector.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2011, 9; 271-281
    1642-0438
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica Agraria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polityka rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w perspektywie lat 2014–2020 w kontekście nowych wyzwań
    The rural development policy in years 2014–2020 in the context of new challenges
    Autorzy:
    Tomkiewicz, Elżbieta
    Bocheński, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531043.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
    Tematy:
    rural development
    agricultural policy
    agricultural sector.
    Opis:
    This Article shall aims to show the normative form of rural development policy in the perspective of the years 2014–2020. The problem of the above issues was set out detailed in the comprehensive package of legislative proposals relates to supporting rural development, financing of agricultural policy and regulations in structural funds. The proposed changes of rural development are determined by several factors, in particular international context, height of the agricultural budget, the legislative changes introduced by Treaty of Lisbon and new global challenges, such a global warming, lack of energy sources, water shortage. It should be emphasized that new goals and priorities of rural development were set out in discussed legislative package. Furthermore the above sets out new legal measures regulating agricultural policy – aimed at promoting innovation, preventing adverse effects of climate change, increasing the share of renewable energy. In proposed arrangements, a far – reaching modifications of rural development policy’s instruments were set out, especially that which relates to agri–environment payments system (that is LFA payments). In connection with the appearance of various risks in the agriculture sector having natural, market and sanitary features, the legislative package also provides a new set of risk management legal instruments. Referring to the financial aspects of rural policy, it was pointed out to the fact that despite the planned extension of the scope of rural policy, current level of financial support for rural policy has been kept. This openes to doubts. It should be added that the increasing tendency of shifting the cost of financing the rural policy on national budgets, which in a single agricultural market will contribute to the diversification of the competitiveness of the agricultural sectors of each Member States of the EU – was also negatively assessed.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2012, 10; 239-264
    1642-0438
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica Agraria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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