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    Tytuł:
    The stand structure and natural regeneration of Abies alba Mill. in reserves on the northern margin of its distribution in SW Poland
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T H
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    stand structure
    natural regeneration
    Abies alba
    silver fir
    Wal Trzebnicki area
    distribution
    seedling density
    stand type
    Abietetum polonicum
    mixed forest
    population structure
    safe site
    Polska
    Opis:
    The silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the area of Wał Trzebnicki is at the northern limit of its distribution in western Poland. This study was performed in three nature reserves with protected silver fir populations. The stands in these reserves were mixed, with complex spatial structure and abundant tree regeneration. The proportion of fir in stands was around 16% of DBHS, the age of trees reached around 130 years. The silver fir occurs mainly in the sapling stage, whereas the number of seedlings was very low. The results of this study show the influence of forest floor vegetation as well as litter type on the emergence of fir seedlings. The seedlings density was compared with the results of other studies from different geographical areas and stands type in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2007, 57; 55-62
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tradycyjna gospodarka odroślowa w Europie Środkowej i jej wpływ na różnorodność biologiczną
    The traditional coppice management system in Central Europe and its impact on biological diversity
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009353.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    gospodarstwa odroslowe
    uzytkowanie lasu
    ochrona bioroznorodnosci
    lasy
    Europa Srodkowa
    coppice stands
    natura 2000
    nature protection
    quercus petraea
    sorbus torminalis
    Opis:
    Coppice management system uses the ability of trees to produce shoots from felled stumps. A modification of this type of management is the system of so called coppice with standards where low−forest individuals grow along with single, high−forest trees originated from seeds. Both types of silvicultural systems have been used in Central Europe since Middle Ages supplying small assortments of wood and tanbark. The economic changes that took place in the 1700s initiated conversion of coppice forests into high−forest ones. A brief renaissance of coppice system occurred in 1850−1900 as a result of rapid growth in the demand for oak tanbark, which overtime was gradually replaced by synthetic materials. Today there is a return to coppice management, this however being the result of increased nature protection efforts. Withdrawal from coppice cuts causes increased shading of the forest floor and, in consequence, a decline in biological diversity following disappearance of thermophilous and heliophilous animal and herb species. Restoration of coppicing or similar forms of management restrains their extinction. In Poland, coppice management is practically unknown, however in the Pogórze Kaczawskie (Sudety Mountains) there have preserved oak coppice stands – the remains of the former German management. Such stands abandon with rare and protected species of forest floor vegetation and a relatively numerous population of wild service. The experiences of other countries indicate that preservation of such species−rich and very specific plant communities will probably require very active treatments.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 08; 545-551
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soil preferences and morphological diversity of goldenrods (Solidago L.) from south-western Poland
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, M.
    Szymura, T.H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57379.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    soil preference
    morphological diversity
    goldenrod
    Solidago
    South-Western Poland
    Polska
    plant invasion
    soil property
    invasive plant
    soil condition
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2013, 82, 2
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The dynamics of growth and flowering of invasive Solidago species
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, M.
    Szymura, T.H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    growth dynamics
    flowering
    invasive species
    alien species
    Solidago
    phenology
    natural ecosystem
    degradation
    threat
    Opis:
    Solidago species are one of the most widespread invasive species in Europe. In Central Europe, vegetation dominated by alien goldenrods can occupy vast areas. Their presence causes a decrease in the biodiversity level of numerous groups of organisms (plants, birds and insects). Alien Solidago also disturb biogeochemical cycles, as well as the primary productivity in infested ecosystems. In Central Europe, four alien Solidago species are considered as naturalized plants: late goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.), Canadian goldenrod (S. canadensis L.), tall goldenrod (S. gigantea Aiton), and grass-leaved goldenrod (S. graminifolia (L.) Elliot. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.). To analyse the dynamics of the growth and flowering of Solidago species, an experiment was conducted in which the goldenrods were planted in pots. We examined the life history traits, which are treated as being strongly connected with the invasive abilities of these species. The height, number of ramets and percentage of flowered plants were noted at ten-day intervals from May to November over a period of four years. Two native species, often co-occurring with alien goldenrods, were analysed for comparison: European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L.) and common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.). The analysed species reached their maximal height during the second and third years of the experiment. The highest ramets were noted in the case of Solidago altissima, S. canadensis and S. gigantea. A group of lower plants consisted of Solidago graminifolia, together with the native species S. virgaurea and T. vulgare. The number of ramets formed by S. graminifolia was more than two times larger than in the case of other species. All of the analysed species flowered during the time of observation but, grass-leaved goldenrod, was the only one among the alien species which flowered in all pots and 100% of individuals produced mature seeds. Its phenology (early flowering and seed ripening) was more similar to native species’ than to other alien Solidago. Our results suggest Solidago graminifolia has strong competitive abilities; however, its range is very limited. The reasons for the slow spread of this species in Europe – other than competitive limitations – should be considered.
    Źródło:
    Steciana; 2015, 19, 3
    1689-653X
    Pojawia się w:
    Steciana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatial structure of grassland patches in Poland: implications for nature conservation
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Szymura, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57254.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Opis:
    Grasslands provide wide range of ecosystem services, however, their area and quality are still diminishing in Europe. Nowadays, they often create isolated patches inside “sea” of other habitats. We have examined basic structural landscape metrics of grasslands in Poland using CORINE land use database. Characteristics for both all individual patches as well as average values for 10 × 10-km grid covering Poland were examined. We also assessed the percentage of grasslands within protected areas and ecological corridors. We found that in Poland rather small patches (0.3–1 km²) dominate, usually located 200–500 m away from each other. The grasslands had clumped distribution, thus in Poland exist large areas where grasslands patches are separated kilometers from each other. Almost all indices calculated for 10 × 10-km² were correlated, i.e., in regions with high percentage of grasslands, the patches were large, more numerous, placed close to each other, and had more irregular shapes. Our results revealed that the percentage of grasslands within protected areas and ecological corridors did not differ from the average value for Poland. On the other hand, forests were significantly over-represented in protected areas and ecological corridors. These findings suggest that there is no planned scheme for grassland protection at the landscape scale in Poland. Development the scheme is urgent and needs high-quality data regarding distribution of seminatural grasslands patches. In practice, nature conservationists and managers should consider spatial processes in their plans in order to maintain grassland biodiversity.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2019, 88, 1
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatial variability more influential than soil pH and land relief on thermophilous vegetation in overgrown coppice oak forest
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Szymura, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2013, 82, 1
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of land relief and soil properties on stand structure of overgrown oak forests of coppice origin with Sorbus torminalis
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Szymura, M.
    Pietrzak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41135.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    land relief
    soil property
    stand structure
    overgrown coppice oak
    oak forest
    coppice
    Sorbus torminalis
    regeneration
    forest management
    Opis:
    Traditional forest management as coppicing and coppicing-with-standard are recently considered as beneficial for biodiversity in woodlands. Cessation of coppicing leads to changes in stand structure and often loss of biodiversity. In contemporary Polish forestry coppicing is not applied, however some stands of coppice origin persist in Silesia until present. The overgrown coppice oak forests that cover the southern slopes at the foothills of the Sudetes Mountains (Silesia, Central Europe) are considered to be Euro-Siberian steppic woods with a Quercus sp. habitat (91I0): a priority habitat in the European Union, according to the Natura 2000 system. They support one of the largest populations of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis Crantz) in Poland. In this study we investigated the relation of stand structure and trees parameters with environmental variables. The results showed considerable variability of stand volume, tree density and stems’ size correlated mostly with soil texture, but not nutrient content. We attributed it to soil dryness which seems to be the crucial factor controlling growth of trees. The natural regeneration of trees concentrated mostly on non-exposed sites on less acidic soils, but seedlings of wild service tree were present almost exclusively on most insolated sites, with shallow acidic soils. However, the regeneration of trees in sapling stage was restrained by browsing. Results suggest that maintaining of Sorbus torminalis requires protection against browsing, and some kind of active management is necessary to retain the observed stand structure with high proportion of wild service trees in stands on more fertile soils.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2014, 71
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structure and dynamics of a mature tree stand in submontane alluvial forest of Carici ramotae-Fraxinetum in the Sudety Mts foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Buszczak, M.
    Szymura, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Opis:
    The structure andd ynamics of a submontane alluvial forest, with structural attributes of old-growth, in the Sudety Mts, Central Europe were examined. Stand structure was measured in circular sampling plots, and the distribution of gaps in belt transects. Past dynamic was reconstructed on the basis of analysis of events of release from suppression by inspection of growth pattern. The age distribution of canopy trees was also surveyed. The stand was dominated by ashes (Fraxinus excelsior) aged77–151 years, which created the upper layer, whereas the lower layer was dominated by dense hazel (Corylus avellana) shrubs. The analysedstandwas developedin site which was usedas a grasslandin first quarter of XIX century, but its history include several fine-scale disturbances when canopy trees were established. Recent dynamic was related to low intensity gap formation. The light conditions at the forest floor were good, and the average percentage of PPFD was 13%. Seedlings of ash and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were abundant throughout the stand. However, continuous browsing by game prevented growth of seedlings; in the sapling layer sycamore had disappeared and the number of ash saplings was strongly reduced. Regeneration was dominated by hazel of vegetative origin both in gaps and under the canopy.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2010, 63
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biodiversity of grasslands of Stołowe Mountains National Park
    Różnorodność biologiczna łąk Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, M.
    Szymura, T.H.
    Dradrach, A.
    Mikolajczak, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46539.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydawnictwo PB
    Opis:
    Biodiversity of grasslands depend on several factors, like abiotic conditions, management history of vegetation and landscape structure. Region of Stołowe Mountains National Park is mainly forested, the grasslands cover only 8% of the area, that is about 500 ha. Meadows are distributed in four distinctive complexes: Darnków, Pasterka east, Pasterka west, and Łężyce. The grasslands form discrete patches in forest landscape. In spite of relatively high species richness, only a few grass species (mainly Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra) dominated in the vegetation of grasslands. The species richness was influenced mainly by beta diversity (both among relevés and complexes), whereas Snannon-Wiener index by alpha diversity. Basic factors influencing beta diversity seems to be soil pH and affinity of particular relevé to grassland complex. Differences between old and young grasslands in species richness and Shannon-Wiener index were statistically not significant. On the area of grasslands of Stołowe Mountains National Park numerous protected and rare plant species occurred, e.g.: Traunsteinera globosa, Colchicum autumnale, Platanthera bifolia, Listera ovata, Gladiolus imbricatus, Carlina acaulis, Trollius europaeus, Lilium bulbiferum.
    Bioróżnorodność łąk zależy od szeregu czynników, jak: warunki abiotyczne, historia użytkowania roślinności i struktura krajobrazu. Obszar Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych porastają głównie lasy; zbiorowiska trawiaste zajmują zaledwie 8% powierzchni, czyli około 500 ha. Obszary łąkowe są rozmieszczone w czterech odrębnych kompleksach: Darnków, Pasterka wschodnia, Pasterka zachodnia i Łężyce. Łąki tworzą odrębne płaty na tle krajobrazu zdominowanego przez lasy. Pomimo stosunkowo wysokiej różnorodności biologicznej roślinność łąk jest zdominowana przez zaledwie kilka gatunków traw (głównie Agrostis capillaris i Festuca rubra). Różnorodność gatunkowa jest kształtowana głównie przez różnorodność beta (zarówno pomiędzy zdjęciami fitosocjologicznymi, jak i pomiędzy kompleksami), podczas gdy wskaźnik Shannona-Wiennera przez różnorodność alfa. Głównymi czynnikami wpływającymi na różnorodność beta były odczyn podłoża i przynależność poletka badawczego do konkretnego kompleksu łąk. Różnice pomiędzy starymi a nowymi łąkami w odniesieniu do różnorodności biologicznej i wskaźnika Shannona-Wiennera nie były istotne statystycznie. Na obszarze łąk Parku Narodowego Gór Stołowych zostały odnotowane liczne gatunki objęte ochroną prawną i uznane za cenne, np.: Traunsteinera globosa, Colchicum autumnale, Platanthera bifolia, Listera ovata, Gladiolus imbricatus, Carlina acaulis, Trollius europaeus, Lilium bulbiferum.
    Źródło:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura; 2016, 15, 1
    1644-0625
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in forest cover in Sudety Mountains during the last 250 years: patterns, drivers, and landscape-scale implications for nature conservation
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T.H.
    Murak, S.
    Szymura, M.
    Radula, M.W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57904.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Opis:
    Historical ecology gives a reference point to explain the contemporary state of particular ecosystems as well as entire landscapes. In this study, we examined the quantitative changes in forest cover in the central part of the Sudety Massif (area ca. 1,120 km²) during the last 250 years. The information regarding forest patch distribution and its changes was derived by comparison of maps from 1747 and the 1970s drawn at scales of 1:33,000 and 1:25,000, respectively. To examine the effect of environmental variables (topography and soil conditions) and human population density on forest patch distribution and its changes (afforestation, deforestation), a set of 100 circular plots with a diameter of 1 km was established. The influence of explanatory variables was examined using regression tree methods. Changes at the level of the entire landscape were tested using a set of 25 landscape windows (5 × 5 km each). We found that the overall forest cover increased to 36.4% in the twentieth century from 30.4% in the middle of the eighteenth century. The ancient forests constituted 59% of the total forest area existing more recently. The forests in the eighteenth century occurred mostly on steep slopes, deep valley bottoms, and summits. The land relief explains more than half of the total variation in forest distribution (R² = 0.56). The effects of soil type and human population density were negligible. The contemporary forest pattern results from both land relief and the historical pattern of human population density in the middle of the eighteenth century (R² = 0.64), while the effect of soil type was negligible. The pattern of deforestation (R² = 0.53) and afforestation (R² = 0.36) results from both land relief as well as recent and nineteenth-century human population density. About 83% of the recent forest area is in physical contact with patches of the ancient forest, which provides an optimistic outlook for the migration of ancient forest species into new areas. Furthermore, changes in landscape structure reveal increased connectivity among forest patches, with potential benefits for the migration of forest species with long-range dispersal.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2018, 87, 1
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The spatial pattern and microsites requirements of Abies alba natural regeneration in the Karkonosze Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, T H
    Dunajski, A.
    Aman, I.
    Makowski, M.
    Szymura, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41501.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Karkonosze Mountains
    Norway spruce
    Picea abies
    silver fir
    Abies alba
    microsite requirement
    natural regeneration
    age structure
    browsing
    safe site
    seedling dispersal
    spatial distribution
    Opis:
    Progeny of four adult silver firs, which were an admixture in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand was, analyzed. The study was done in lower mountain zone of the Karkonosze (Giant Mts.) National Park (SW Poland). The seedlings occurred in two clumps related to the position of adult trees, whereas spatial pattern of the seedlings inside each clump was random. The seedlings were spaced mainly in distances 5–25 from the nearest adult tree. The maximal distance was up to 50 m. Most seedlings were established in accordance with main wind directions. Also, in these directions seedlings were more distant from adult trees than in other directions. The seedlings grew in better light environment (12% of PPFD) than average (9,6% PPFD). This effect was statistically significant. The height increment of the seedlings was low and was not correlated with light conditions. Similarly, there was not any correlation between the apical dominance ratio and light. The lack of this correspondence we attributed to browsing. The silver fir seedlings were significantly underrepresented in patches of Vaccinium myrtillus, on raw needles, under crown of adult trees and in concave micro-relief form. The underrepresentation in the places covered by canopy and in patches of bilberry we related to the indirect effect of continuous browsing, which leads to higher seedlings mortality in more shaded places and sites of stronger competition between forest floor vegetation and silver fir seedlings.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2007, 58; 51-57
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Locality of Bear’s Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) in Palace Park in Korytów – Environmental Conditions and Protection Possibilities
    Stanowisko czosnku niedźwiedziego (Allium ursinum L.) w przypałacowym parku w Korytowie - warunki siedliskowe i możliwości ochrony
    Autorzy:
    Szymura, M.
    Liszewski, M.
    Kocowicz, A.
    Pytlarz-Kozicka, M.
    Szymura, T. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190213.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    wiosna
    czosnek niedźwiedzi
    Kotlina Kłodzka
    eutrofizacja
    gleba
    prześwietlenie
    drzewostan
    spring
    wild garlic
    Kłodzko Valley
    soil
    eutrophication
    thinning
    stand
    Opis:
    Celem pracy jest charakterystyka preferencji siedliskowych czosnku niedźwiedziego (Allium ursinum), określenie potencjalnych zagrożeń i możliwości ochrony tego gatunku oraz pokazanie możliwości jego wykorzystania jako elementu naturalistycznego w kształtowaniu krajobrazu. Jako modelowe stanowisko wybrano park przypałacowy w Korytowie (Kotlina Kłodzka, Dolny Śląsk). Czosnek niedźwiedzi wykazuje duże wymagania w stosunku do warunków glebowych. Zagrożeniem dla tej rośliny są eutrofizacja gleb związana z wpływem czynnika antropogenicznego i nadmierne prześwietlenie drzewostanów. W celu ochrony czosnku niedźwiedziego zaleca się ograniczenie wycinki drzew oraz usuwanie roślin z nim konkurujących takich jak niecierpek drobnokwiatowy (Impatiens parviflora) i pokrzywa zwyczajna (Urtica dioica).
    Źródło:
    Architektura Krajobrazu; 2015, 4; 48-59
    1641-5159
    Pojawia się w:
    Architektura Krajobrazu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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