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Wyszukujesz frazę "Szubartowski, M." wg kryterium: Autor


Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
Tytuł:
Analysis of costs of repairs of undesirable events occurring in a municipal bus transportation system
Autorzy:
Bojar, P.
Woropay, M.
Migawa, K.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
collision
devastation
failure
Opis:
Systems of public transport carry out their tasks on the territory of a given town and in the suburbs performing the same functions as in towns. A distinctive feature of this type of system is performance of its task for twenty four hours, in different traffic intensity conditions over an assigned administrative area. This type of variables has a large influence on occurrence of undesirable events (failure of vehicles and their devastation, collision and accidents). In the work, an attempt of identification of undesirable events occurring in the analyzed transport system has been made. Moreover, an analysis has been made which covers one day of the week, time of the day and weather conditions in which particular events took place. Another aspect of the work was to make an analysis of the vehicle driver's age, job experience and a given hour of work on the day of the event occurrence. Obtainment of such data allowed demonstrating the structure of events according to the criterion of the event type, and costs connected with bringing the damaged transport means to the state of serviceability. The obtained results of experimental tests provide a basis for taking rational decisions by decision makers employed in a given system. These decisions are supposed to reduce the number of undesirable events occurrence and costs connected with them.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 19-24
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of intermode connections in terms of transport system development in Poland
Autorzy:
Muślewski, Ł.
Bojar, Ł.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
operation
inter-mode transport
efficiency
Opis:
Continuous and dynamic development of freight transports, especially in the road sector, results in generation of negative effects on the environment and poses hazards to human health and life and by generating high costs it creates significant economic, social and environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to take actions aiming at promotion of development of sustainable and efficient transport systems, integrating different transport branches and technologies. Such requirements are fulfilled by the subsystem of inter-mode transport system, that is, combined transport which is an alternative for a traditional road transport, and can also play a very important role in achieving goals of the European policy for sustainable development of transport. Its promotion can largely contribute to solving present and future problems connected with transport in Europe through relieving excessively loaded roads from a certain portion of freight transports which will result in improvement in the traffic safety and reduction of its negative impact on the humans and the environment. Providing high quality of inter-mode transport operation, especially in terms of reliability, punctuality, safety and keeping delivery terms depends on the infrastructure state, modern equipment of terminals and efficiency and effectiveness of their functioning. It should be emphasized that promoting inter-mode transport provides social benefits on a big scale as shifting a part of international road transports into a combined one inter-mode can have a significant influence on reduction of the road transport external harmful effects. In this paper, there has been made an analysis and assessment of inter-mode transports in Poland, taking into consideration the motor and railway (linear and point) infrastructure. Also, a suggestion concerning the location and construction of terminals for the service of inter-mode transports has been considered. Moreover, a technical-economic analysis of implementation of the discussed solution purposefulness has been made as well.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 299-306
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the influence of undesirable actions of operators of transport means on safety of transport task accomplishments
Autorzy:
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
hazard
safety working
Opis:
Safety of transport is the main goal of transportation systems to achieve. This is of crucial importance for the road transportation as the number of used transport means is constantly increasing which involves a rise in the number of used vehicles and an increase in the intensity of traffic, especially in urban areas. Obviously, actions aiming at reducing the number of road collisions and protecting people involved in those events have been taken. These actions are taken both by vehicle designers both active and passive safety systems, as well as road traffic engineers who are responsible for actions aiming at increasing the safety level of transport infrastructure through implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Although there are more and more modern engineering solutions in the fields of vehicle design and road traffic, it is still the human who is the weakest link of the socio-technical system, including the system of road transportation. For this reason, the authors of this work have made an attempt to analyze the undesirable impact of transport means on the safety of transport tasks. The experimental tests have been performed within a real system of municipal public transportation to illustrate a transportation system exposed to changing conditions of road traffic during twenty-four hours.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 429-436
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of telematic system for diagnosing the machine technical state
Autorzy:
Bojar, P.
Woropay, M.
Szubartowski, M.
Ślęzak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
risk
safety
Opis:
The necessity of rationalization of construction machine operation and maintenance processes results in development of computer diagnostic systems. Use of diagnostic systems in operation and maintenance of machines is conditioned by the accepted strategy of operation. The current method of operation with a view of the Resurs is characterized by: set the assigned operating area specific use, implementation of the agreed duration of maintenance, prioritization of maintenance. Dates and ranges of maintenance adopted in the implementation of this strategy are fixed, based on the results of years of research supplies and are independent of the state of the machine. Prioritize ongoing maintenance and repair means that the service or repair of higher-order includes the following ranges of operation, lower maintenance row. In this work there has been made an attempt to evaluate the level of threat connected with failure to perform a transport task by a technical object. Data for the assessment was obtained on the basis of information collected from used telematic systems diagnosing continuously the state of tested technical objects. In this work there has been made a survey of normalized risk assessments methods. On this basis, FMEA method has been used for risk assessment connected with failure to perform a task by the analyzed objects.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 65-73
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Availability of a technical object determined in a finite time interval
Autorzy:
Woropay, M.
Migawa, K.
Bojar, P.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
operation process
semi-Markov model
availability
Opis:
In the article, a method for determination of the technical object availability, GO (r) in a finite time interval x, defined by the time of the transport task duration, has been discussed. All of the study has been presented on the example of a selected system of technical object operation - a system of transport means operation, in a big urban complex (more than 400 thousand inhabitants). Direct performance of the transport tasks in the analyzed system is the responsibility of an executive system consisting of elementary subsystems of the type operator- transport means. Availability of transport means elementary subsystems is crucial for efficient accomplishment of transport tasks. The presented method involves determination of the technical object availability, on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation process which takes place in the studied system, taking into consideration the technical object reliability characteristics. For this purpose, significant states of the transport means operation have been determined and they have been classified in terms of the availability criterion. Basing on this, an event and mathematical models of transport means operation process have been developed, with the semi Markov homogenous model serving as a mathematical model of the studied operation process. Also, values of the analyzed characteristics have been determined.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 555-562
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of repairs performed within the emergency repair subsystem of municipal bus transportation system
Autorzy:
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
efficiency of repairs
technical service units
Opis:
In this paper there have been presented results of an analysis of repair efficiency for an emergency repair subsystem (technical service units) in a selected transportation system. The research object was a real system of municipal transportation, in a given urban agglomeration. Experimental data, necessary to determine values of indexes describing efficiency of repairs performed by the technical service units, come from a selected group of technical objects (city buses) used in the analyzed system. The data was obtained on the basis of experimental tests conducted within the studied system, employing a method of passive experiment, in conditions natural for the technical objects functioning. This work presents a method according to which the values have been determined and the analysis of efficiency of repairs performed within the emergency subsystem has been made. The values of repair efficiency assessment concern selected systems of the analyzed buses. The selection of these systems was made taking into consideration the number of the studied systems failures. The obtained results have been demonstrated in the form of tables and graphically, in charts. On this basis, there has been made an analysis of efficiency of repairs performed by emergency repair units. Due to its general character, the presented method can be used for an assessment of repair efficiency both within operation and maintenance systems of technical objects of different types and efficiency of repairs performed at particular repair stations, groups of stations or subsystems providing vehicles with serviceability.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 507-514
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method for assessment of risks connected with technical object functioning on the basis of Markov model of operation process
Autorzy:
Woropay, M.
Migawa, K.
Bojar, P.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
operation process
Markov model
risk
Opis:
In the article, a method for assessment of risks connected with a technical object functioning has been studied, in a selected operating system. An urban system of bus transportation, in a selected urban complex, has been chosen as the research object. Functioning of each technical object operating system, including transportation systems, is dependent on its possibility to perform properly the assigned transport task. One of the methods for assessment of the transportation system ability to accomplish the assigned transport task in a proper way is determination of the transport means operation risk. The presented approach involves determination of indexes defining the risks connected with functioning of one technical object (transport means) in an executive subsystem. Indexes of the risk connected with functioning of a single technical object have been determined on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation process, in the studied transportation system. On the basis of the identification of the authentic transport system and the means of transport operation process carried out in it, crucial operational states were designed as well as the possibilities of transferring between the particular states. Based on that, an event-centered model of the use of the means of transport was built, followed by a mathematical model of that process. A Mathematical model of the operation process has been developed with acceptance of an assumption that the process model is to be represented by a homogeneous Markov model X(t). In this paper, the transport means operation risk is determined as a product of probability (or sum of probabilities) of its being in an undesirable state (states) of the Markov model of transport means operation process and the size of the damage in effect of being in the state (states). The size of the suffered damage is measured by a product of time and unit cost whose quantities are connected with being in the operation process undesirable state or states. Assessment of risk connected with technical objects operation and maintenance can be the point of reference to formulate design requirements concerning durability and reliability of the operated objects (transport means) as well as assumptions concerning design or modernization of the technical means necessary for assurance of the vehicle availability in a given transport system.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 563-569
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method for assessment of transport means failures repairs
Autorzy:
Muślewski, Ł.
Woropay, M.
Neubauer, A.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport system
operation process
semi-Markov model
efficiency
Opis:
An analysis of experimental tests and a literature survey of the issue revealed that the problems connected with assessment of costs and effectiveness of transport means repairs has a significant influence on their operation efficiency. Operating factors affecting the elements of technical objects cause negative changes in their features resulting in failures. The failures are referred to as events which significantly impair the vehicle operation efficiency, safety and reliability. On the basis of experimental tests concerning times of failures occurrence, it was found that the set of failures can be divided into subsets of primary and secondary failures. The tests results revealed that the most frequent cause of secondary failures occurrence was improperly performed primary repairs. Primary failures are not related to each other and they appear randomly. However, secondary failures are related to each other as their occurrence is conditioned by the primary failure and results from an inappropriate performance of the successive secondary failure. Basing on an analysis of the author 's own tests results, it was established that failures of transport means used in real transport systems are the effect of impact of various forcing factors. Some failures result from the natural wear of machine elements, whereas, other failures can be caused by inappropriate repair of the previous damage. Thus, there occur the so called secondary failures in a short period of time. In connection with this, high efficiency of the repair performance is of primary importance as it largely affects efficiency of transport tasks accomplishment. In this article, there has been discussed a method developed for assessment of repair costs connected with elimination of secondary failures and its influence on the studied transport system operation efficiency. Familiarity with available technologies for repairs of primary failures as well as with costs of work and costs connected with technical equipment of the repair stations enables specification of the lowest costs necessary for reduction of the number of secondary failures and the average time of their repairs.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 299-307
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semi-Markov Model of the Operation and Maintenance Process of City Buses
Semimarkowski model procesu eksploatacji i obsługi autobusów miejskich
Autorzy:
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
public transport bus
maintenance process
semi-Markov model
autobusowa komunikacja miejska
eksploatacja autobusów
model semi-Markowa
ocena gotowości systemu
Opis:
This paper presents a model of the operation and maintenance process of the technical objects within the urban transport bus system. All the investigations have been presented on the basis of the selected real operation and maintenance system of the city buses. Basing on the identification of the system under investigation and on the process being realized within it a model of the operation and maintenance process of the city buses was built, assuming that the model of this process is the homogeneous semi-Markov process X(t). For this purpose, crucial states of operation and maintenance process in selected transport system were determined as well as possible transfers between those states. Based on this, an event-based model of the operation and maintenance process of the city buses was built, assuming that its model is the homogenous semi-Markov process. For operation data obtained after research conducted in an authentic transport system, values of unconditional periods of duration of process states, values of stationary distribution included in the Markov chain as well as values of probabilities of limit distribution of the semi-Markov process were determined. Based on this, an analysis of the city buses operation and maintenance process in question was performed. Presented in this article the semi-Markov model operation and maintenance process of city buses is the first stage of the creation of the availability model of the urban transport bus system.
W artykule przedstawiono model procesu eksploatacji obiektów technicznych w systemie autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej. Całość rozważań przedstawiono na przykładzie wybranego rzeczywistego systemu eksploatacji autobusów miejskich. Na podstawie identyfikacji badanego systemu i realizowanego w nim procesu zbudowano model procesu eksploatacji autobusów miejskich, zakładając, że modelem tego procesu jest jednorodny proces semi-Markowa X(t). W tym celu wyznaczono istotne stany procesu eksploatacji realizowanego w wybranym systemie transportowym oraz możliwe przejścia między wyróżnionymi stanami. Na tej podstawie zbudowano zdarzeniowy model procesu eksploatacji autobusów miejskich, a następnie matematyczny model tego procesu, zakładając, że jego modelem jest jednorodny proces semi-Markowa. Dla danych eksploatacyjnych, uzyskanych z badań przeprowadzonych w rzeczywistym systemie transportowym, wyznaczono wartości bezwarunkowych czasów trwania stanów procesu, wartości rozkładu stacjonarnego włożonego w proces łańcucha Markowa oraz wartości prawdopodobieństw rozkładu granicznego procesu semi-Markowa. Na tej podstawie dokonano analizy rozpatrywanego procesu eksploatacji autobusów miejskich. Prezentowany w artykule semimarkowski model procesu eksploatacji autobusów miejskich jest pierwszym etapem budowy modelu oceny gotowości systemu autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2013, 25-26, 1-2; 109-116
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis and assessment of the impact of the lengthening the mileage on the changes of some characteristics of oil engine
Autorzy:
Szubartowski, M.
Sójka, M.
Bukowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
kinematic viscosity
basic number
ignition temperature
concentration of the use products
Opis:
In an exploitation process engine, there are physic-chemical changes of oil, which make impurities oil have a different characteristic. It is mainly connected with the element systems and greasy materials that react between themselves. The changes are constant and they mirror their new exploiting character. Deteriorating characteristics of oil influence its usefulness in a using process. The aim of the thesis is to show the results of exploitation research of engine oil that is used in transportation, basically by the Public Transport Company. The research mainly focuses on engine oil exploited in the buses of a public transport. They are of the following type: MAN NL, MAN NG, JELCZ 181 MG. O They have multi-seasonal oil like TEDEX, DIESEL, TRUCK SHPD SAE:15 W-40. The subject of the research is the processes that occur in engine oil while its exploitation. On the basis of the research, it was possible to specify the nature of the engine oil aging processes as well as the impact of the exploiting conditions on a temporal state of the main parameters that characterize the suitability of the engine oil. It has been proved that there is a lack of suitable and reliable methods of diagnosing and controlling the engine oil state while its exploitation. The following thesis is the first step to make the attempt to lengthen the distance in kilometres travelled of engine oil and determine the limit states of the crucial parameters on the basis of a real index.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 557-563
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The method of calculating the limit parameter states characteristic of oil state
Autorzy:
Szubartowski, M.
Sójka, M.
Bukowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
model
limit state
concentration of use products
Opis:
In the majority of transport systems, they use the exploiting strategies where the use of oil is calculated in accordance to the following criteria: -the distance in kilometres travelled, -the time of engine work, -petrol used by an engine. When the value of one of the above criteria is reached, oil must be changed regardless its real state and its potential to be still used. If the oil potential were made use of, it would increase the effectiveness of the working system radically. The subject of the research is the changes of metal elements content in oil depending on lengthening the usage of examined oil. The thesis shows the results the operation research of engine oil as well as the results of the research of models that calculate the limit states of the content of some metallic elements in tested oil. The exploiting research was based on the samples taken from engine oil of some bus makes. On the basis of the results of the exploitation research, according to the distance in kilometres travelled of buses, the content of metallic elements in examined engine oil has been calculated. On the basis of self research and literature analysis, it has been stated that there is a lack of comfortable and reliable methods of assessing limit states of engine oil in transport systems. In the following thesis, the attempt to lengthen the mileage of engine oil on the basis of calculating the change of the content of the crucial metallic elements has been taken.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 565-576
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Method of the Evaluation of Transport Systems Operation Safety
Metoda oceny bezpieczeństwa działania systemów transportowych
Autorzy:
Bojar, P.
Woropay, M.
Szubartowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
passenger transport
transport systems
safety
safety assessment
transport pasażerski
systemy transportowe
bezpieczeństwo
ocena bezpieczeństwa
Opis:
Transport safety is the primary standard in the functioning of transport systems. Most of all, it is true in the case of passenger transport systems. This article introduces classification of transport systems into land transport systems (road and rail) as well as land and water transport systems (inland and sea), depending on the type of environment in which these systems carry out their tasks. Such systems fall under the class of social engineering systems of the Man – Technological Object – Environment (M – TO – E) type. Such systems are influenced by forcing factors, leading to changes in their states. Such factors may be divided into operational, outside and anthropotechnical and they influence the system on various levels, including degradation of the degree of its safety. The article attempts to evaluate the safety of the operation of transport systems on the basis of the evaluation of the safety of the transport process carried out over a defined time interval Δt. The evaluation of the safety of the carried out transport process was prepared on the basis of a set of calculated index values determined depending on the type of transport. The article presents the principles of the construction of the model of evaluation of the safety of the operation of the transport system on the basis of the evaluation of the safety of the transport process carried out by the system.
Bezpieczeństwo jest priorytetowym kryterium funkcjonowania systemów transportowych. Dotyczy to w szczególności systemów transportu pasażerskiego. W pracy dokonano szczegółowej klasyfikacji systemów transportowych. Systemy tego typu należą do klasy systemów socjotechnicznych (C – OT - O), Człowiek – Obiekt Techniczny – Otoczenie. Bezpieczeństwo tych systemów uzależnione jest od niepożądanych oddziaływań ludzi usytuowanych w systemie i jego otoczeniu, niepożądanych oddziaływań obiektu technicznego oraz niepożądanych oddziaływań otoczenia. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny bezpieczeństwa działania systemów transportowych na podstawie oceny zrealizowanego procesu transportowego w określonym przedziale czasowym Δt. Artykuł przedstawia zasadę budowy modelu oceny bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania systemu transportowego, na podstawie oceny bezpieczeństwa procesu transportu realizowanego za pomocą systemu.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2013, 25-26, 1-2; 43-54
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transport rules and assessment of threats connected with transport of hazardous materials by train
Autorzy:
Bojar, P.
Woropay, M.
Migawa, K.
Szubartowski, M.
Muślewski, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
railway transport
hazardous materials
RID
Opis:
Every year in Poland, approximately 22 million tons of dangerous materials is transported, which, apart from the German railway, places it on the second position in Europe. The most numerous group of dangerous materials include items of class 3 (liquid, flammable materials), especially liquid fuels. In order to prevent accidents and remove their effects, the European Union countries have developed an international code regulating transport of dangerous materials by railway, RID. Every year 110 billion ton kilometres of dangerous materials are transported on the territory of the EU. Materials carried by road transport account for 58%, by railway 25% and by water 17% of all the transported dangerous products. Transport of dangerous materials accounts for 8% of all freight transports in the European Union. Having in view natural environment protection and safety of people, there are carried out works on one legal act to account for all the three transport branches. Railway transports of dangerous materials are performed in a safe way and rare, in terms of the transports number, accidents and failures do not cause harmful effects, neither on people nor the natural environment. In the paper, there has been made an analysis of transport procedures and threats which occur while carrying dangerous materials. On the basis of carried out investigations an assessment of the risk factor in the studied process has been presented. General rules for transport of dangerous materials by railway and their classification have been presented, markings according to RDI regulations. An attempt of threats identification and analysis of the maim causes of undesirable events occurrence during railway transport of dangerous materials has been made by the authors of this work.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 37-43
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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