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Tytuł:
A contribution to the moss and liverwort flora of the Reberce Nature Reserve at the Przemysl Foothills (Western Carpathians, Poland)
Autorzy:
Staniaszek-Kik, M.
Zubel, R.
Fudali, E.
Rusinska, A.
Fojcik, B.
Voncina, G.
Stebel, A.
Szczepanski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/790583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
Tematy:
moss
liverwort
flora
epixylic species
protected species
primeval forest
endangered species
bryophyte
Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum association
Reberce Nature Reserve
Przemysl Foothill
Western Carpathians Mountains
Polska
Opis:
The paper presents the results of studies on bryophyte flora of the Reberce forest reserve located in the Przemyśl foothills. Thirty-three species of liverworts, 70 species and two varieties of mosses were found. Terrestrial (66 species) and epixylic (58) bryophytes formed the largest ecological groups in the reserve. Twenty-four protected species were also recorded, eight endangered bryophytes and six taxa considered as primeval forest species. The most interesting finds are: Bazzania trilobata, Buxbaumia viridis, Calypogeia suecica, Cephalozia catenulata, Frullania dilatata, Metzgeria conjugata, Nowellia curvifolia, Orthotrichum lyellii, O. stramineum, Trichocolea tomentella and Ulota crispa.
Źródło:
Steciana; 2017, 21, 1
1689-653X
Pojawia się w:
Steciana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A modified K3M thinning algorithm
Autorzy:
Tabedzki, M.
Saeed, K.
Szczepański, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/331149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
skeletonization
thinning algorithm
K3M algorithm
digital image processing
szkieletyzacja
pocienianie
algorytm K3M
cyfrowe przetwarzanie obrazu
Opis:
The K3M thinning algorithm is a general method for image data reduction by skeletonization. It had proved its feasibility in most cases as a reliable and robust solution in typical applications of thinning, particularly in preprocessing for optical character recognition. However, the algorithm had still some weak points. Since then K3M has been revised, addressing the best known drawbacks. This paper presents a modified version of the algorithm. A comparison is made with the original one and two other thinning approaches. The proposed modification, among other things, solves the main drawback of K3M, namely, the results of thinning an image after rotation with various angles.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2016, 26, 2; 439-450
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accelerated peatland disappearance in the vicinity of the Konin brown coal strip mine
Przyśpieszone zanikanie torfowisk w sąsiedztwie Kopalni Odkrywkowej Węgla Brunatnego Konin
Autorzy:
Ilnicki, P.
Górecki, K.
Szczepański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
brown coal mining
lakes degradation
landscape park
peatland utilization change
peatlands disappearance
degradacja jezior
kopalnia odkrywkowa węgla brunatnego
obszar Natura 2000
park krajobrazowy
zanikanie torfowisk
zmiana użytkowania torfowisk
Opis:
In the Powidzki Landscape Park, there are 150 peatlands of a total area of 1,250.2 ha. On its edge, brown coal strip mines are in operation, causing deep land drainage that resulted in a drastic (up to 5 m) lowering of the water table in lakes and accelerated peatland disappearance. To determine the extent of the process, a comparison was made of the types of surface soil layers and their ash content in 20 peatlands determined in 1957–1965 and in 2017. They are located in the farmland lying the closest to the strip mine, Jóźwin IIB, and in woodland lying further away. The results were compared with those for a peatland in Skulsk, which was not affected by the negative impact of the strip mine. Fen peat, occurring there about 55 years ago has largely turned into grainy moorsh. In the 20–50 cm layer, an ash content has grown almost twofold, while in part of the peatlands organic soils have changed into mineral and organic-mineral ones. The greatest changes have occurred in the farmland. In all Park peatlands, grasslands have contracted threefold, while the area of forests and woodlands has grown fivefold. Today, about 10% of the peatland area is taken up by arable land of which there was none before.
W Powidzkim Parku Krajobrazowym znajduje się 150 torfowisk o obszarze 1250,2 ha. Na jego obrzeżu prowadzona jest odkrywkowa eksploatacja węgla brunatnego powiązana z głębokim odwodnieniem terenu. Spowodowała ona drastyczne obniżenie lustra wody (do 5,0 m) w istniejących tu jeziorach i przyśpieszyła proces zanikania torfowisk. W celu ustalenia jego zakresu porównano określone w latach 1957–1965 i w 2017 r. rodzaje i popielność powierzchniowych warstw gleby w 20 torfowiskach. Leżą one najbliżej odkrywki Jóźwin IIB położonym regionie rolniczym i w dalej położonym regionie leśnym. Wyniki porównano z torfowiskiem w Skulsku, na które kopalnia negatywnie nie oddziałuje. Występujące ok. 55 lat temu torfy niskie w większości przekształciły się w mursz ziarnisty. W warstwie 20–50 cm nastąpił blisko dwukrotny wzrost popielności, a w części torfowisk gleby organiczne przekształciły się w gleby mineralne i organiczno-mineralne. Największe zmiany wystąpiły w regionie rolniczym. We wszystkich torfowiskach na terenie Parku trzykrotnie zmalał obszar użytków zielonych i pięciokrotnie wzrosła powierzchnia lasów. Obecnie 10% ich powierzchni zajmują grunty orne, których uprzednio nie było wcale.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2017, 35; 83-93
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of positioning error and its impact on high frequency properties of differential signal coupler
Autorzy:
Zmuda, M.
Szczepański, S.
Kozieł, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high speed data transmission monitoring
coupler positioning accuracy
manufacturing of coupling structures
monitoring wysokiej prędkości transmisji danych
dokładność pozycjonowania
produkcja konstrukcji sprzęgła
Opis:
This paper presents the analysis of the effect of differential signal coupler positioning accuracy on its high frequency performance parameters for contact-less high speed chip-to-chip data transmission on PCB application. Our considerations are continuation of the previous works on differential signal coupler concept, design methodology and analysis for high speed data transmission monitoring. The theoretical analysis of possible coupler positioning innaccuracies is extended for representative design cases by simulations carried out using EM simulator. The results reported here confirm that the concept of contactless monitoring of high speed chip-to-chip data transmission in a pair of coupled microstrip lines is of practically usefulness without applying the expensive and precise positioning system.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 2; 549-553
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Micro Computer Tomography to Identification of Pore Structure Parameters of Porous Materials
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Z.
Cieszko, M.
Gadzała, P.
Zych, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
volume porosity
bone tissue
computed microtomography
mCT
binarization
voxels
thresholding
microscopic
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to apply the scans of microscopic geometry of human bones obtained by Micro Komputer Tomography method to identifi cation of their macroscopic pore structure parameters: volume porosity, permeability and tortuosity of pores and skeleton. These parameters, except the volume porosity, have been determined by simulations of microscopic processes of viscous fl uid fl ow and electrical current passage through virtual models of bones samples. The simulations wave performed using the COMSOL’s Multiphysics environment assigned for solution of boundary value problems described by partial diff erential equations, by use of the fi nite element method.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2010, 1, 1; 90-91
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of multiple criteria evolutionary algorithms to vector optimisation, decision support and reference point approaches
Autorzy:
Szczepański, M.
Wierzbicki, A.P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
algorytm ewolucyjny
optymalizacja wektorowa
evolutionary algorithm
vector optimisation
nadir point estimation
reference point techniques
Opis:
Multiple criteria evolutionary algorithms, being essentially parallel in their character, are a natural instrument of finding a representation of entire Pareto set (set of solutions and outcomes non-dominated in criteria space) for vector optimisation problems. However, it is well known that Pareto sets for problems with more than two criteria might become complicated and their representation very time-consuming. Thus, the application of such algorithms is essentially limited to bi-criteria problems or to vector optimisation problems with more criteria but of simple structure. Even in such cases, there are problems related to various important aspects of vector optimisation, such as the uniformity of representation of Pareto set, stopping tests or the accuracy of representing Pareto set, that are not fully covered by the broad literature on evolutionary algorithms in vector optimisation. These problems and related computational tests and experience are discussed in the paper. In order to apply evolutionary algorithms for decision support, it would be helpful to use them in an interactive mode. However, evolutionary algorithms are in their essence global and of batch type. Nevertheless, it is possible to introduce interactive aspects to evolutionary algorithms by focusing them on a part of Pareto set. The results of experimental tests of such modifications of evolutionary algorithms for vector optimisation are presented in the paper. Another issue related to vector optimisation problems with more than two criteria is the computational difficulty of estimating nadir points of Pareto set. The paper describes the use of diverse variants of evolutionary algorithms to the estimation of nadir points, together with experimental evidence.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2003, 3; 16-33
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of results of pollutant emission inventory of the road transport sector in Poland in 2000–2015
Ocena wyników inwentaryzacji emisji zanieczyszczeń w sektorze transportu drogowego w Polsce w latach 2000–2015
Autorzy:
Bebkiewicz, K.
Chłopek, Z.
Szczepański, K.
Zimakowska-Laskowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363418.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
inventory of pollutant emission
motor vehicles
road transport
inwentaryzacja emisji zanieczyszczeń
pojazdy samochodowe
transport drogowy
Opis:
The article presents results of inventorying pollutant emission from road transport in Poland in the years 2000–2015, prepared at the National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE) of the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute. The pollutant emission was determined by modelling, which was carried out with using the EU-recommended COPERT 4 program. The fleet sizes and annual mileage (in kilometres) of vehicles classified in each cumulated category have been given. The motor vehicle traffic was characterized by the shares of vehicle mileages covered in the urban, extra-urban (rural), and high-speed (highway) driving modes in the total vehicle mileage and by the average vehicle velocity values determined for the said different driving modes. Data on annual national emission of carbon monoxide – CO, volatile organic compounds – VOC, nitrogen oxides – NOx, particulate matter – PM, and carbon dioxide – CO2 have been specified for the years 2000–2015, for which the emission balance was inventoried. A marked downward trend was revealed in the annual national emission, especially for carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. This is an effect of technological progress in the field of automotive engineering. The average specific distance emission and average emission factor values were also experimentally determined. Based on results of these tests, conclusions have been formulated as regards clearly visible improvement in the environmental properties of motor vehicles in the years 2000–2015; an effect of this improvement is a considerable reduction in the environmental loading caused by road transport.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki inwentaryzacji emisji zanieczyszczeń w sektorze transportu drogowego w Polsce w latach 2000–2015, opracowane w Krajowym Ośrodku Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami Instytutu Ochrony Środowiska – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego. Emisję zanieczyszczeń wyznaczono na podstawie modelowania z zastosowaniem oprogramowania COPERT 4, rekomendowanego przez Unię Europejską. Przedstawiono liczność i przebiegi roczne pojazdów kategorii skumulowanych. Parametry charakteryzujące ruch samochodów przyjęto jako udział długości drogi przebywanej przez pojazd w warunkach jazdy: w miastach, poza miastami oraz na autostradach i drogach ekspresowych, a także prędkość średnią pojazdów w tych warunkach. Przedstawiono krajową emisję roczną: tlenku węgla, lotnych związków organicznych, tlenków azotu, cząstek stałych i dwutlenku węgla dla lat bilansowania 2000–2015. Stwierdzono tendencję do znaczącego zmniejszania się krajowej emisji zanieczyszczeń, szczególnie tlenku węgla i lotnych związków organicznych. Jest to wynik postępu technicznego pojazdów samochodowych. Zbadano również średnią emisję drogową i średni wskaźnik emisji zanieczyszczeń dla wszystkich pojazdów samochodowych. Sformułowano na podstawie tych badań wnioski na temat wyraźnej poprawy właściwości ekologicznej pojazdów samochodowych w latach 2000–2015, czego skutkiem jest znaczące zmniejszenie obciążenia środowiska przez transport drogowy.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2017, 78, 4; 5-25
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bryoflora of the spring fen "Makaty" in north-western Wielkopolska region
Autorzy:
Rusinska, A.
Gorski, P.
Gabka, M.
Stebel, A.
Fudali, E.
Szczepanski, M.
Rosadzinski, S.
Wolski, G.
Pisarek, W.
Zubel, R.
Staniaszek-Kik, M.
Pawlikowski, P.
Wilhelm, M.
Salachna, A.
Zalewska-Galosz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/878309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
Źródło:
Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana; 2009, 13
1896-1908
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bulk linearized CMOS differential pair transconductor for continuous-time OTA-C filter design
Autorzy:
Pankiewicz, B.
Szczepański, S.
Wójcikowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
transconductance amplifier
OTA
bulk-driven amplifier
OTA-C filter
Opis:
In this paper, the MOS differential pair driven simultaneously from gates and bulk terminals is described. An approximated analytical solution of the voltage to current transfer function has been found for the proposed circuit. Four possible combinations of gate and bulk connections of the input signal are presented. Basing on the configuration giving the best linearity, the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) has been designed and compared, by computer simulations, to the amplifier utilizing the gate driven classic MOS pair. 3rd order filters using the OTAs with linearized and simple MOS pair have been designed and the resulting parameters have been compared. Linearization through the presented simultaneous use of gate and bulk terminals seems to be useful for low voltage applications.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 1; 77-84
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Capillary Microfluidic Sensor for Determining the Most Fertile Period in Cows
Autorzy:
Borecki, M.
Korwin-Pawlowski, M.
Bebłowska, M.
Szmidt, M.
Urbańska, K.
Kalenik, J.
Chudzian, Ł.
Szczepański, Z.
Kopczyński, K.
Jakubowski, A.
Szmidt, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1506725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.81.Pa
87.85.fk
47.35.Pq
07.05.Mh
Opis:
This paper presents a new method of optoelectronic determination of cow fertility, based on a microfluidic fiber-optic capillary sensor. The current state of the art of fiber-optic capillary sensors is discussed briefly along with aspects of instrumentation and applications. Unlike classical fiber-optic sensors which are based on changes in light propagation inside the fiber in response to external conditions, optical capillary sensors rely on changes of light transmission within capillaries filled with the liquid to be analyzed. This approach opens up interesting new possibilities for the application of capillary microfluidic sensors, while raising specific issues relating to their construction, materials and technology. The investigated sensor uses light switching forced by local heating in a capillary filled with bovine vaginal fluid. The dynamically recorded data were processed in an artificial neural network. We were able to observe changes in the cow's fertility cycle allowing us to identify when an individual cow was in the middle part of standing estrus which is most situated for insemination.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2010, 118, 6; 1093-1099
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causes and effects of cascading failures in aircraft systems
Przyczyny i skutki niezdatności kaskadowych w systemach samolotu
Autorzy:
Klim, Z.H.
Szczepański, P.
Bałaziński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/328515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo
niezdatności kaskadowe
szacowanie ryzyka
niezawodność
samolot
safety analysis
cascading failures
risk assessment
reliability
aircraft
Opis:
A cascading failure is a particular type of common-mode failure in which a single event, not necessarily hazardous in itself, can precipitate a series of other failures. The basic characteristic of a cascading failure is the propagation of an initial failure effect throughout the entire system or across and between the different systems. A domino effect is a principal characteristic of cascading failures when an initial event, which has little or no adverse effect on the aircraft, is transmitted downstream and ones of the subsequent failures generates hazardous effects. Cascading failures are considered "low-probability high-consequence events". The prediction and analysis of cascading failures are complex due to their random dynamic involving continuous and switching operations that suddenly change the system's configuration. There are two methods that may be used for the purpose of this analysis: Event Tree Analysis (ETA) and Cause-Mode-Effect Analysis (CMEA).
Niezdatność kaskadowa jest inicjowana przez pojedyncze (niekoniecznie niebezpieczne) zdarzenie, po którym następują inne - tym razem już niebezpieczne w skutkach - zdarzenia. Cechą charakterystyczną niezdatności kaskadowej jest jej propagacja z miejsca jej powstania na bliższe, a następnie na - dalsze i coraz to dalsze otoczenie. Efekt domina jest jej główną właściwością, gdzie skutek jakiegoś niepozornego zdarzenia przekłada się, dajmy na to, na katastrofę lotniczą, kalectwo lub utratę życia czy też jakiś kataklizm ekologiczny. Niezdatność kaskadową postrzega się z jednej strony jako mało prawdopodobną, z drugiej zaś - jako bardzo dotkliwą w swych konsekwencjach. Przewidywanie tych niezdatności jest niezwykle utrudnione z racji ich znacznej przypadkowości, dynamiki i zmian strukturalnych systemu. Analizę niezdatności kaskadowych przedstawiono z wykorzystaniem dwóch metod: Analizy Drzewa Niezdatności (ETA) oraz Analizy Przyczyn i Skutków (CMEA).
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2007, 1(41); 19-26
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of event recorders in automatic train control systems
Autorzy:
Jacyna, M.
Szczepański, E.
Izdebski, M.
Jasiński, S.
Maciejewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rail transport
CBTC
ATC
JRU
Automatic Train Control
Communications-Based Train Control
Juridical Recording Unit
event recording unit
transport kolejowy
sterowanie pociągiem
Opis:
The development of railway transport in the current times is very noticeable, it is connected with the growing needs of movement as well as the development of information engineering. The increase in the demand for transport requires the implementation of solutions that increase the efficiency of the transport system. Both long-distance, agglomeration and metro railways can use different systems due to their specificity. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable trend in the development of systems supporting or even replacing the driver by the automation of selected activities. Such systems allow to reduce trains headway and thus increase the capacity of the line. CBTC class systems (Communications-based train control) belong to automatic train systems and are based on wireless transmission. The main purpose of using such systems is to increase the frequency of running trains while maintaining the level of safety. Computers that are on the system equipment record, process and analyse very large amounts of data. An essential element of such systems are recording units. The parameter recorders can be divided into technical and legal ones. However, for CBTC class systems, there is no obligation or requirement to use legal recorders as it is in the case of ETCS. However, it is necessary to use event recorders, and these are subject to the requirements set out in the PN-EN 62625-1: 2014 standard. The recorders are a very important component of safety systems, which is why they were analysed in this article. Both the driver, the vehicle and the infrastructure should be subject of continuous monitoring. The occurrence of an adverse event (not necessarily leading to an incident or accident) should be analysed and used to improve safety procedures. Currently, automatic systems are still developing and we are not able to accurately assess what the causes and effects of certain events may be, which is why data collection and analysis is particularly important. The article presents the general specification of the CBTC system. The parameters and properties of driving recorders should be presented. This article is cofinanced by the European Union POIR.01.01.01-00-0276/17
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 46, 2; 61-70
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chosen aspects of simulation model to designing pro-ecological transport system
Autorzy:
Wasiak, M.
Kłodawski, M.
Lewczuk, K.
Jachimowski, R.
Szczepański, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
pro-ecological transport system
PTV VISUM
EMITRANSYS
transport system modelling
Opis:
Paper presents simulation model of pro-ecological transport system (PTS). Model allows computational experimentation and inference on transport modal split and emission of pollution in a national scale. The characteristics describing infrastructure, vehicles, and harmful compounds emission are given. Model is implemented in VISUM – a tool supporting planning of transport processes as well as analysis and designing of transport systems. The demand for transport services and emission of exhaust gases components are reflected in model of pro-ecological transport system of Poland. In particularly, Representation of model of pro-ecological transport system, transport sub-systems and segments of demand in freight transport in simulation model of PST, detailed assumptions of onboard measurements for Mercedes C200, detailed results of on-board measurements of pollutants, CO2 emission in function of instantaneous velocity and acceleration, representation of pollutants emitted by freight transport in Poland, as well general assumptions for designing simulation model of pro-ecological transport system and material and passenger flows distribution and the pollution emission are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 525-532
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concept of tiltrotor UAV control system
Autorzy:
Ciopcia, M.
Szczepański, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
UAV
tiltrotor
control system
rotor przechyłu
system sterowania
Opis:
Nowadays, civil UAV industry market grows rapidly. This expansion is followed by the new requirements and expectations against UAVs, which force their constructors to look for less typical solutions. Expected long time endurance and range are the typical examples of such expectations. Clients are often looking for UAV with VTOL ability and time of flight much greater than 30 minutes and long range. They want to inspect large areas, i.e. between major cities without need of paying for building and maintaining developed aircraft infrastructure. Example of UAV with low infrastructure requirements are multirotors. Major disadvantage of them is short flight time. Elongating time of flight is hard to achieve by classical multirotor with standard Li-Pol batteries available on the market. They have too low energy density in currently used technology. Alternative power solutions, like fuel cells, have low financially rewarding factor, which cause whole projects to be unprofitable. Foregoing circumstances force engineers to find less usual ways for improvement energy efficiency, which will cause extending the time and range of flight. One of them is a tiltrotor. Tiltrotors are hybrid solutions – they combine airplane and multirotor capabilities to achieve features, which exclude each other in classical constructions. Aircraft-like wing make it able to use its lift-to-drag ratio to achieve energy savings, higher top speed and extended range in comparison with multirotors. UAV is also equipped with multiple multirotor-style engines with additional capability to rotate itself in pitch. In horizontal engine position, vehicle behaves like classical multirotor – allowing pilot to hover and perform VTOL manoeuvres. When engines are tilted to vertical position, whole UAV get performance similar to airplane – high speed and flight endurance. In the other hand, practical implementation of tiltrotor solution can be problematic: simulation, steering and controlling such aircraft in transition state are complex tasks. Moreover, designed aircraft should follow major rule connected with multirotors: Should have as simple, robust mechanical design as it can. Proposed article will concentrate on concept and preliminary design of fly-by-wire steering system with unique properties for tiltrotor. One of such properties will be unification of steering method – which eliminates need for switch and setting initial conditions for control subsystems, when flight procedure requires changing flight mode. Second important improvement will be possibility to use transitional states as intermediate state between propeller driven fly and gliding – which allow achieving wide spectrum of flight speeds. Moreover, huge number degrees of freedom (at least 9) create new opportunities for steering optimization. Extensive thrust vectoring abilities of such UAV could not only implicate substantial efficiency improvement of multirotors, but also improve its manoeuvrability. The article will focus on basic concepts of kinematics, steering of such UAV and show proposition of energyusage oriented optimization for its control trajectories. To let mechanical design be simple, all control and steering methods will be implemented in software, which will implicate complex structure of steering system. Overcoming complexity of software should be profitable in relation to expected improvements of UAV capabilities.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 83-89
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Construction technology of timber-frame houses resistant to dynamic loads – study on models of exterior walls
Autorzy:
Szczepanski, M.
Migda, W.
Jankowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
timber frame house
exterior wall
numerical model
dynamic loads
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to show the numeric representation of experimental studies concerning the behaviour of exterior wall models of a timber-frame house under harmonic loading. A single wall model according to traditional technology of timber-frame house walls (filling with mineral wool) was tested. The analysis was conducted for the following frequencies: 0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz and 5.0 Hz for various values of the specified displacement. A number of hysteresis loops were obtained for each of the tests. Based on them, the damping ratio as well as stiffness were calculated. The skeleton model filled with mineral wool (traditional technology) experienced serious damage under larger displacements. The results of the study have been used to propose a numerical model of wall filled with mineral wool. The proposed numerical model is consistent with the results for the values obtained during the experimental study, which proves the correctness of the adopted solution.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2015, 9, 28; 75-80
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 72

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