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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Well-to-wheel CO2 emission of electric vehicle in Polandlectric vehicle in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Staniak, P.
    Moćko, W.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241783.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    CO2 emission
    electric vehicle
    well-to-wheel emission
    air pollution
    renewable energy sources
    Opis:
    The total CO2 emission of electric vehicle depends on a renewable energy share in an energy market of given country. At the moment, this share is significant only in a few European countries (Denmark, Germany, Scandinavian countries) having large number of water, solar and wind power plants. Additionally, France may be considered as a country possessing low-emission electric energy, because around 90% of this energy is generated by a nuclear power plants. In order to compare the greenhouse gas emission from an electric vehicle with combustion powered cars well-to-wheel (WtW) methodology may be applied. The well-to-wheel emission estimates the total CO2 which is required to generate a given power measured on vehicle wheels including generating, transferring and processing losses. The magnitude of WtW varies from 0g/km in the case of a vehicle charged directly by a solar or wind powered charging point to 200 g/km in the case of charging form public grid powered by old coal power plants. For the Polish energy market the share of renewable energy sources is negligible (below 10%), moreover majority of a power plants uses coal to generate electricity. However, according to the EU strategy this share should be doubled until 2020. Additionally, it is considered building of a nuclear power plant, which results in further reduction of CO2 from energetic industry. In this article WtW CO2 emission of electric driven vehicle charged from the public grid was analyzed for Polish conditions at present and various growth scenario as well. Moreover, an actual energy market structure as well as growth perspectives were reviewed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 139-148
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie odnawialnych źródeł energii w transporcie
    Application of renewable energy sources in transport
    Autorzy:
    Moćko, W.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Staniak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1369586.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Napędów i Maszyn Elektrycznych Komel
    Tematy:
    odnawialne źródła energii
    transport
    renewable energy
    Opis:
    Aim of the study was to analyze the influence of renewable energy sources on the well-to-wheel CO2 emission of the electric driven vehicle, especially with respect to the Polish electric energy supply structure. The main reasons of growing hybrid and electric powered vehicles share in the market are: limited fos sil fuels sources, narrow emission standards, global warming effect. Well-to-wheel analysis of CO2 emission is a very reliable methodology which enables to compare various types of vehicle powertrain and fuels. Overall CO2 emission of the electric vehicle depends mainly on share of the renewable energy sources (RES) in the market. Authors conclude that in Polish conditions, where RES share is negligible, overall CO2 emission of electric vehicle is comparable with combustion engine powered one.
    Źródło:
    Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe; 2012, 2, 95; 99-104
    0239-3646
    2084-5618
    Pojawia się w:
    Maszyny Elektryczne: zeszyty problemowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of green energy for EV battery charging station
    Autorzy:
    Staniak, P.
    Moćko, W.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247982.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    CO2 emission
    photovoltaic
    electric vehicle
    charging station
    renewable energy sources
    batteries
    Opis:
    The Well-to-Wheel (WtW) CO2 emission of the electric vehicle (EV) strictly depends on amount of a carbon dioxide (including transmission and conversion losses) required to produce an electric energy used to charge EV batteries. Value of the WtW emission may be lowered by increasing a share of low-pollutant power plants i.e. using renewable energy or nuclear power, however it needs a large financial investments and it is very long process, taking over a dozen years. Even in the case of countries having a large share of low-emission power plants (Germany), a smart grids must be applied in order to optimize a value of WtW CO2 emission. Usually batteries are charged during night, where energy demands are relatively low and at the same time wind turbines supplies majority of electric energy to the grid. Presented idea of the battery charging station described in this article has a local character. It uses photovoltaic panels as a source of "green" electric energy. As a consequence the value of WtW emission for an EV batteries charged in this station equals to 0 g/km. The charging station uses EV battery swap thus the time of staying in the station is shorter in comparison with normal or even fast charging. The battery swapping technology uses replacing of the discharged units mounted in EV by fully charged ones. The batteries are placed in special try, which enables a quick mechanical and electrical connecting and disconnecting. Moreover, batteries stored in the station may be used as an energy storage devices and makes charging process optimization easier; moreover, they can be used as an element of a smart grid system. The article describes model of charging station using both photovoltaic and quick EV battery swap.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 371-376
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the suitability of selected image types in a texture analysis of satellite imagery
    Przydatność wybranych typów obrazów w analizie tekstury zdjęć satelitarnych
    Autorzy:
    Kupidura, P.
    Staniak, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    texture analysis
    granulometric analysis
    mathematical morphology
    land cover classification
    teledetekcja
    analiza tekstury
    analiza granulometryczna
    morfologia matematyczna
    klasyfikacja pokrycia terenu
    Opis:
    The article presents studies on the impact of the source image type on the efficacy of image texture analysis in the terms of distinguishing classes of land use or land cover (LULC). Single gray-scale images are usually the inputs for this type of operation, however their selection is not unambiguous, especially in the case of multispectral images. Two very high resolution satellite images were used in the study: Pleiades (GSD: 2 m) and QuickBird (2.4 m). Five different input images were tested: the original near-infrared and red bands, the images of the first two main components, and the image of the normalised difference vegetation index - NDVI. Five LULC classes were compared to each other: bare soil, low vegetation, deciduous forests, coniferous forests and built-up areas. Granulometric analysis, as the one of the high efficient methods of texture analysis, was used for the test. Research results have shown that the choice of source image for this kind of processing can be very important for the efficacy of distinguishing between different LULC classes. NDVI images, and also the near infrared band and the first principal component were found most useful.
    Artykuł przedstawia badania dotyczące wpływu typu obrazu źródłowego na skuteczność analizy teksturowej obrazu z punktu widzenia wyodrębniania klas użytkowania lub pokrycia terenu (LULC). Tego typu operacjom poddawane są zazwyczaj pojedyncze obrazy w skali szarości, jednak ich wybór nie jest jednoznaczny, zwłaszcza w przypadku obrazów wielospektralnych. W badaniach wykorzystano dwa obrazy satelitarne o bardzo wysokiej rozdzielczości: Pleiades (GSD: 2 m) oraz QuickBird (2,4 m). Testowano pięć różnych obrazów wejściowych: oryginalne kanały bliskiej podczerwieni oraz czerwieni, obrazy dwóch pierwszych składowych głównych oraz obraz wskaźnika NDVI. Porównano wzajemnie pięć klas użytkowania lub pokrycia terenu: odkrytą glebę, niską roślinność, lasy liściaste, lasy iglaste oraz tereny zabudowane. Jako narzędzie testów wybrano analizę granulometryczną, jedną z metod analizy teksturowej o wysokiej skuteczności. Wyniki badań pokazały, że wybór obrazu źródłowego do przetworzeń może mieć bardzo duże znaczenie przy rozróżnianiu różnych klas użytkowania lub pokrycia terenu. Największą przydatnością cechowały się obrazy NDVI oraz kanału bliskiej podczerwieni i pierwszej składowej głównej.
    Źródło:
    Teledetekcja Środowiska; 2017, 57; 27-34
    1644-6380
    Pojawia się w:
    Teledetekcja Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Leg strength and power in Polish striker soccer players
    Autorzy:
    Buśko, K.
    Górski, M.
    Nikolaidis, P. T.
    Mazur-Różycka, J.
    Łach, P.
    Staniak, Z.
    Gajewski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307478.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    izokinetyka
    moment siły
    moc
    force sense
    height of jump
    isokinetic
    peak torque
    power
    striker soccer players
    Opis:
    The main goal of the present study was to examine muscle strength and power of dominant and non-dominant leg, knee extensors and flexors, and their correlations with jumping performances in soccer players. A secondary aim was to evaluate muscle sense. Methods: 31 male professional strikers (age 20.9 ± 2.3 years, body mass 75.1 ± 6.6 kg, body height 179.5 ± 4.7 cm) participated in the study. The power output of lower extremities and the height of rise of the body mass centre during vertical jumps were measured using a force plate. The maximum muscle torque of the flexors and extensors of the knee were measured under isometric conditions using a special isometric torquemeter. Force sense was measured in isometric conditions in two tests: (a) fifty percent of the maximal voluntary contraction was set as a value of target force and the participants were instructed to reproduce the target force, (b) the participants attempted to develop a torque reproducing a sine course within the range of 10 to 50% of MVC performed. Results: A direct relationship was observed between the peak muscle torque in knee extensors developed during isokinetic contraction at all velocities and power and height of three types of vertical jumps ( p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between jumping performance and muscle torque under isometric condition. No differences were found in strength and jumping abilities as well as in force sense between dominant and non-dominant legs. Conclusions: This study offered a comprehensive and complete evaluation of leg muscle strength, sense and power, with the use of using force plate and isokinetic dynamometry.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 2; 109-116
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    Udział elementów struktury plonu w kształtowaniu wydajności pszenicy ozimej (Triticum aestivum L.)
    Autorzy:
    Harasim, E.
    Wesolowski, M.
    Kwiatkowski, C.
    Harasim, P.
    Staniak, M.
    Feledyn-Szewczyk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Opis:
    The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period. An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha−1 in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha−1). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha−1 was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.
    Celem badań było określenie wpływu zróżnicowanych dawek regulatorów wzrostu i poziomu nawożenia azotem na elementy plonowania oraz ocena ich oddziaływania na wydajność pszenicy ozimej. Eksperyment polowy z uprawą pszenicy ozimej odmiany ‘Muza’ przeprowadzono w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Czesławice, należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, Polska, w latach 2004–2007. W niniejszym doświadczeniu wpływ badanych czynników na plon i jego składowe zależny był głównie od warunków meteorologicznych, występujących w poszczególnych latach badań. Zwiększenie dawki azotu ze 100 do 150 kg ha−1 w 2005 i 2007 roku istotnie wpływało na zwiększenie plonu ziarna z jednostki powierzchni. W 2005 roku przyrost plonu ziarna następował poprzez zwiększoną obsadę kłosów (o 6.3%) i zwiększoną liczbę ziaren w kłosie (o 1.6%). Masa 1000 ziaren obniżała plon ziarna z jednostki powierzchni (o 0.04 t ha−1). W 2007 roku o większym plonie pszenicy nawożonej azotem w dawce 150 kg N ha−1 decydowały dodatnio wszystkie trzy elementy struktury plonu. Plony ziarna pszenicy ozimej istotnie kształtowały stosowane dawki retardantów, ale efekt ich stosowania różnił się w latach badań.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrobotanica; 2016, 69, 3
    0065-0951
    2300-357X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrobotanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measuring the force of punches and kicks among combat sport athletes using a modified punching bag with an embedded accelerometer
    Autorzy:
    Buśko, K.
    Staniak, Z.
    Szark-Eckardt, M.
    Nikolaidis, P. T.
    Mazur-Różycka, J.
    Łach, P.
    Michalski, R.
    Gajewski, J.
    Górski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306941.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    symulator
    sport
    boks
    siła
    taekwondo
    accelerometric boxing training simulators
    boxing
    force
    kick
    punch
    Opis:
    The main aim of the study was to design a new system to measure punching and kicking forces as well as reaction times in combat sport athletes. In addition, the study examined whether there were any intergender differences in the force of punches thrown by boxers and kicking forces delivered by taekwondo athletes. Boxers (male, n = 13; female, n = 7) were examined for the force of single straight punches and taekwondo athletes (male, n = 14; female, n = 14) for force of single Apdolio and Dwit Chagi kicks. The punching bag was equipped with acceleration transducers and gyroscopes embedded in a cylinder covered with a layer to absorb shock as well as a set of colour signal diodes. Value of the punching bag’s acceleration was used for calculating: strike force; the punching location on the bag; and time of a strike. The relative error of force calculation was 3%; the relative error in acceleration measurement was less than 1%. The force of a straight rear-hand punch was greater than the force of a lead-hand punch among male and female boxers. The force of Apdolio kick delivered with a rear leg was greater compared to a lead leg among female and male taekwondo athletes. Significant gender differences were noticed in the force in both types of kicks. In boxers, intergender differences were reported only for the force of a punch thrown with the rear hand. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the modified punching bag is a good diagnostic tool for combat sports.
    Źródło:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2016, 18, 1; 47-54
    1509-409X
    2450-6303
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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