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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Opłacalność uprawy wybranych odmian grochu w zależności od poziomu nawożenia fosforem
    Profitability of the chosen pea varieties depending on the level of phosphorus fertilization
    Autorzy:
    Klimek-Kopyra, Agnieszka
    Sroka, Wojciech
    Krupa, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2054512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-19
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Doradztwa Rolniczego w Brwinowie. Oddział w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    groch
    opłacalność produkcji
    nawożenie fosforem
    pea
    profitability of production
    phosphorus fertilization
    Opis:
    Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe w zakresie białka roślinnego jest celem nadrzędnym polityki gospodarczej każdego kraju, stąd też w Polsce podjęto działania zmierzające do restytucji produkcji rodzimych roślin strączkowych. Celem badań było porównanie opłacalności uprawy czterech odmian grochu przy zastosowaniu dwóch poziomów nawożenia fosforem (standardowego- 70 kg. ha-1 i wysokiego 140 kg. ha-1). Badania prowadzono w Stacji Doświadczalnej Instytutu Produkcji Roślinnej Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie w latach 2013-2015. Wykazano, iż większa dawka nawozów fosforowych daje przyrost plonu tylko w latach o zwiększonej ilości odpadów. Średnio w całym okresie badań zwiększenie dawki nawozów niekorzystnie wpływało na opłacalność produkcji dla wszystkich odmian grochu. Nie wpłynęło ono również na zmniejszenie wahań plonów i tym samym opłacalności. Badania wykazały, iż zdecydowanie najlepszą opłacalnością produkcji cechowała się odmiana Mecenas, która przy standardowej dawce nawozów generowała nadwyżkę przychodów nad kosztami bezpośrednimi na poziomie od 100% od 145%. Wahania opłacalności produkcji były zatem stosunkowo niewielkie, co również przemawia za jej uprawą.
    Food security of vegetable protein is of utmost importance for economic policy of each country, hence there have been actions taken in Poland that lead to the restitution of native production of legumes. The aim of this research has been a comparison of cultivation profitability of four varieties of the pea with the use of two levels of phosphorus fertilization (standard - 70 kg.ha-1 and high - 140 kg.ha-1). This research has been carried out in the years 2013-2015 in an Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Production in the University of Agriculture in Krakow. It has been proved that a higher dose of phosphorus fertilizers results in the increase in crops only in the years when there was an expanded number of rainfall. It has been pointed out that on average over a span of the whole research, the increased dose of fertilizers has negatively influenced the profitability of production of all pea varieties. This action has put an impact on neither the decrease in crops fluctuation nor profitability. The research has shown that a variety “Mecenas” has the best profitability of production, because with the use of a standard dose of fertilizers, it has given an income surplus over direct costs (between 100% to 145%). Thus, there has been relatively little fluctuation of profitability of production, which weighs in favour of cultivation of the “Mecenas” variety.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego; 2017, 89, 3; 79-89
    1232-3578
    2719-8901
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analytical design of selected geotechnical solutions which protect civil structures from the effects of underground mining
    Autorzy:
    Misa, Rafał
    Sroka, Anton
    Tajduś, Krzysztof
    Dudek, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92063.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Główny Instytut Górnictwa
    Tematy:
    analytical solution
    decompression trenches
    geotechnical methods of building protection
    ground surface displacements
    tunnel protection
    rozwiązanie analityczne
    rowy odprężające
    geotechniczne metody ochrony obiektów budowlanych
    przemieszczenia gruntu
    ochrona tunelu
    Opis:
    This paper presents the authors' computational methods based on Knothe's theory. The methods enable the estimation of the reduction coefficient for effects which originate from mining operations performed via the application of a longitudinal structure which is sunk in to the ground. It could be, for example, a partition, which as a structural gap fulfils the function of an expansion grout, or via breaking the subsoil continuity (e.g. because of creating a peat-filled ditch or using a natural gap). Demonstrative calculations have been carried out in a few cases, i.a. to protect a structure situated in the vicinity of a planned tunnel. Additionally, some examples of the discontinuity zone which impact the obtained deformation values have been presented. The calculation method has been tested in case studies. The results of the calculations clearly show the positive influence of the applied geotechnical solutions on the minimisation of mining damage.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2019, 18, 1; 1-7
    2300-1364
    2300-3960
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The application of Knothe’s theory for the planning of mining exploitation under the threat of discontinuous deformation of the surface and for the prediction of ground surface movements with rising water levels in the post-mining phase
    Wykorzystanie teorii Knothego do planowania eksploatacji górniczej w warunkach zagrożenia powierzchni deformacjami nieciągłymi oraz do prognozy ruchów powierzchni terenu przy wzroście poziomu wód kopalnianych w fazie poeksploatacyjnej
    Autorzy:
    Sroka, Anton
    Hager, Stefan
    Misa, Rafał
    Tajduś, Krzysztof
    Dudek, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069760.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
    Tematy:
    coal mining
    mine flooding
    surface movement
    post mining
    górnictwo węglowe
    zatapianie kopalni
    wypiętrzenie powierzchni terenu
    przemieszczenia powierzchni terenu
    problemy pogórnicze
    Opis:
    The article presents three German-located case studies based on stochastic methods founded by the theory proposed by Knothe and the development of the ‘Ruhrkohle method’ according to Ehrhardt and Sauer. These solutions are successfully applied to predict mining-induced ground movements. The possibility of forecasting both vertical and horizontal ground movements has been presented in the manuscript, which allowed for optimization mining projects in terms of predicted ground movements. The first example presents the extraction of the Mausegatt seam beneath the district of Moers-Kapellen in the Niederberg mine. Considering, among others, the adaption of the dynamic impact of the underground operations to the mining-induced sensitivity of surface objects, the maximum permissible rate of the face advance has been determined. The second example presents the extraction of coal panel 479 in the Johann seam located directly in the fissure zone of Recklinghausen-North. Also, in this case, the protection of motorway bridge structure (BAB A43/L225) to mining influences has been presented. The Ruhrkohle method was used as a basis for the mathematical model that was developed to calculate the maximum horizontal opening of the fissure zone and the maximum gap development rate. Part of the article is dedicated to ground uplift due to rising mine water levels. Although it is not the main factor causing mining-related damage, such movements in the rock masses should also be predicted. As the example of the Königsborn mine, liquidated by flooding, shows stochastic processes are well suited for predicting ground uplift. The only condition is the introduction of minor adjustments in the model and the use of appropriate parameters.
    Artykuł przedstawia trzy studia przypadków zlokalizowane w Niemczech, oparte na metodach stochastycznych, których podstawą jest teoria zaproponowana przez Knothego oraz rozwój „metody Ruhrkohlego” według Ehrhardta i Sauera. Rozwiązania te są z powodzeniem stosowane do przewidywania ruchów górotworu wywołanych wydobyciem surowców. Przedstawiono możliwość prognozowania zarówno pionowych, jak i poziomych ruchów górotworu oraz zaprezentowano możliwości optymalizacji projektów górniczych pod kątem przewidywanych ruchów górotworu. Pierwszy przykład przedstawia wydobycie pokładu Mausegatt pod okręgiem Moers-Kapellen w kopalni Niederberg. Mając na uwadze m.in. dostosowanie dynamicznego wpływu eksploatacji górniczej do wrażliwości obiektów powierzchniowych na wpływy górnicze, określono maksymalne dopuszczalne tempo posuwu przodka. Drugi przykład przedstawia wydobycie ściany 479 z pokładu Johanna leżącego bezpośrednio w strefie nieciągłości Recklinghausen-North i zastosowane zabezpieczenie konstrukcji mostowej autostrady (BAB A43/L225). Metoda Ruhrkohlego została wykorzystana w tym przypadku jako podstawa do modelu matematycznego, który został opracowany do obliczenia maksymalnego poziomego otwarcia strefy nieciągłości i maksymalnego tempa rozwoju szczeliny. Część artykułu poświęcona jest zjawisku wypiętrzania w wyniku podnoszenia się poziomu wód kopalnianych. Pomimo tego, że nie jest to główny czynnik powodujący szkody związane z górnictwem, jednak tego rodzaju ruchy również należy prognozować. Jak pokazuje przykład dawnej kopalni Königsborn, procesy stochastyczne dobrze nadają się do przewidywania wypiętrzenia gruntu, pod warunkiem wprowadzenia niewielkich korekt w modelu i zastosowania odpowiednich parametrów.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2021, 37, 4; 199-218
    0860-0953
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polacy pracujący w czasach COVID-19
    Working Poles During Covid-19
    Autorzy:
    Gardawski, Juliusz
    Mrozowicki, Adam
    Burski, Jacek
    Czarzasty, Jan
    Karolak, Mateusz
    Sroka, Jacek
    Ruszkowski, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/27315795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar
    Opis:
    XXI wiek rozpoczął się serią kryzysów, począwszy od kryzysu finansowego i gospodarczego, przez kryzys migracyjny, kryzys związany z narastającym eurosceptycyzmem i brexitem, z falą populizmu i erozją poparcia dla demokracji parlamentarnej . Na to wszystko nałożyła się pandemia COVID-19, która wzmocniła większość istniejących kryzysów i przyniosła nowe wyzwania. Zespół socjologów i socjoekonomistów z Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego i Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie podjął badania tych wyzwań i kryzysów. Na podstawie zogniskowanych wywiadów grupowych z pracownikami edukacji, ochrony zdrowia, pomocy społecznej i logistyki, krytycznej analizy dyskursu medialnego oraz ogólnopolskich badań kwestionariuszowych zespół przygotował niniejszą monografię. Odpowiada w niej na pytania o jakość miejsc pracy osób zatrudnionych, w tym w szczególności pracowników niezbędnych w okresie pandemii, medialny obraz pracy w badanych branżach, stosunek społeczeństwa do nowych form pracy, które rozwinęły się w czasach pandemii, o społeczny dobrostan, charakter więzi społecznych i społecznego zaufania, o postawy wobec ustroju politycznego i gospodarczego, stosunek do partii politycznych i państwa. W książce zawarta jest również charakterystyka cech przeciwników szczepień na COVID-19. Książka nie tylko wpisuje się w kontekst wcześniejszych, ważnych i cytowanych publikacji (...), lecz także otwiera Autorom pole dla dalszych analiz, na które zespół zwykle nie każe długo czekać czytelnikom, a ich znaczne już grono regularnie się powiększa. (…) Obok sprawnej narracji i argumentacji, zwraca uwagę po mistrzowsku prowadzona metodyka oraz wiele szczegółowych, empirycznie udokumentowanych odniesień, podawanych w sposób spójny. (…) Jest to kolejne, cenne opracowanie świetnie potwierdzające markę zaangażowanych badaczy, z których każdy ma na swoim koncie niebagatelne i uznane osiągnięcia. prof. dr hab. Jacek Sroka Społeczne skutki COVID-19 są w książce pokazane z kilku perspektyw. Wśród uczestników rynku pracy wpływ pandemii najsilniej odczuli młodzi, zwłaszcza w sytuacji prekaryzacji pracy. Okazało się też, że społeczny prestiż zawodów medycznych wyraźnie wzrósł w warunkach zagrożenia pandemicznego. Towarzyszy temu wzrost oczekiwań rozszerzenia zakresu opieki zdrowotnej oraz zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa pracowników na rynku pracy. Ważna jest konkluzja wskazująca, że dominującą reakcją wszystkich środowisk na COVID-19 było uruchomienie mechanizmów integracyjnych. Nasze społeczeństwo zachowało model familijny o silnych więziach na poziomie grup pierwotnych, rodzinnych i towarzyskich, natomiast znacznie słabszych instytucjonalnych. dr hab. prof. ucz. Paweł Ruszkowski
    The book aims at expanding the existing body of knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as a specific type of health and social crisis with potentially deep and profound consequences for labour. The research presented in the book represents a worker-centred, longitudinal, and critical perspective. It emphasises workers’ subjective and intersubjective processes of sense-making with regard to phenomena and processes in the sphere of work, taking into account broader socio-economic, institutional, and cultural contexts. The ‘critical’ aspects refer to the tradition of critical labour studies, while the longitudinal approach indicates a departure from the ‘hot sociology’ of the pandemic towards a more systematic view, using successive measurements as we move away in time from its origins. The book summarises the results of the early phase of research in the project “COV-WORK: Socio-economic consciousness, work experiences and coping strategies of Poles in the context of the post-pandemic crisis.” The pro- ject is funded by the National Science Centre, contract number UMO-2020/37/B/ HS6/00479. The title of the book intentionally rephrases the title of the 2009 book Working Poles and the Crisis of Fordism, edited by Juliusz Gardawski. In the context of the tradition of research on overlapping crises in the spheres of public health, economy, politics, ecology, etc. (“polycrises”, cf. Tooze, 2021), we step forward with two hypotheses. The first one assumes the transformative potential of the health crisis for Poles’ socio-economic consciousness, work situation, and life strategies, which in the last instance may translate into a crisis of the entire socio-economic system based on neoliberal principles. The second hypothesis says that although we have been facing an unprecedented social crisis, the socio-economic system and the key features of socio-economic consciousness (“the normative visions of economy”) show a considerable resilience. The pandemic has accelerated change and is likely to intensify phenomena already present in the pre-pandemic world for a long time, but its transformative potential has been – at least in short-term, according to our research – limited. The empirical research presented in the book combines quantitative (a representative CATI survey on a nationwide sample of adults, N = 1400) and qualitative methods and techniques (15 focus group interviews with employees from 4 sectors – education, health care, social assistance, and logistics; as well as an analysis of the media discourse around the theme of “essential work”). The category of “essential workers” is central to the qualitative research. For the purposes of the research, we define them as people whose work is necessary for social reproduction and meeting biological and basic social needs under the conditions of a pandemic. Our focus in the book is on the experience of the pandemic crisis in Poland and we have been able to make the following, empirically-based observations. Firstly, the Polish society has had an extensive record of crisis experiences amassed over several decades, which has translated – as we argued in one of our earlier works ( Mrozowicki, Czarzasty 2020) – into the “taming of uncertainty” and developing biographical resources for coping with unexpected phenomena and social breakdowns. Secondly, it can be argued that the model of economic and social life shaped in Poland as a result of the confrontation with the radical social changes of the last few decades bears features that facilitate coping with overlapping and reinforcing “polycrises.” “Patchwork capitalism” (Rapacki, 2019) is characterised by internal heterogeneity, institutional ambiguity, and a lack of institutional coherence. The system developed in a cyclical manner, driven by crises – as well as its internal incoherence – was often a source of adaptability to radical changes in the external environment, including, as Gardawski and Towalski argue (2020, p. 54), pandemic shocks. The book consists of seven chapters preceded by the introduction. Chapter 1 discusses the labour market situation in Poland at the time of COVID-19, including the impact of the pandemic on the labour-market status of Poles, the socio-demographic characteristics of those working remotely, and selected issues of the quality of work. Chapter 2 contributes to the discussion of the category of essential work, covering issues such as public perception and the media discourse around this category in Poland. Chapter 3 looks into the ways in which selected categories of essential workers perceive the future of work and their occupational group. Chapter 4 focuses on the organisational conditions of work in the COVID-19 era. Chapter 5 contains the conclusions of the analyses of the socio-economic awareness of working Poles, including, first and foremost, a diagnosis of the normative visions of the economy shared by them. Chapter 6 discusses issues related to the structural and class position of the respondents in relation to selected problems of their social consciousness. Chapter 7 summarises the analyses of the respondents’ views on their well-being under the conditions of the pandemic and their opinions about the state of the economy, the state, and anti-crisis policies, as well as the characteristics of the anti-vaccine faction. The book closes with Conclusions. The results presented in the book are locally-determined but at the same time – due to the global nature of the pandemic – they bear a number of universal features. The global, more widespread trends include: (1) the “normalisation” and reconfiguration of the social profile of work performed from home, which has become the domain of ‘white collars’ and has been identified with remote work much more unambiguously ( Felstead, 2022); (2) acceleration of the process of coming into terms with new technologies in the workplace ( Śledziewska, Włoch, 2021), which is expressed, inter alia, by the growing “transparency” of new digital tools; (3) the development of the prospect of post-pandemic protests in the case of at least some of the essential workers in the industries under scrutiny (Chen, Barrett, 2021; Vandaele, 2021); and (4) the development of inequalities and precarisation of work, which affect predominantly those workers who had already been on the periphery of the labour market prior to the pandemic, including young, less-educated people working under civil law contracts. The frame of reference outlined above is supplemented by the list of hypotheses we adopted in the design phase of the study. At that time, we assumed that the (post-)pandemic crisis would be characterised by the following: 1. The reinforcement of social inequalities and precarisation in the world of work, which had already been present before the pandemic. In this case, conclusions are ambiguous. On the one hand, the pandemic clearly affected more painfully those employed under temporary and civil law contracts, as they were more likely to lose their jobs and did admit to having experienced changes in their labour-market situation during the pandemic, yet not necessarily due to COVID-19 itself. If the specific category of farmers is put aside, it was the economically-disadvantaged and the less-educated who were more likely to perform stationary (non-remote) work than those economically-better-off and better-educated. It confirms the observations from other research, namely that work at home (in the pandemic: remote work) has become a kind of privilege and a new dimension of social inequality. On the other hand, the analyses presented in Chapter 5 provide a different picture. The extent of precarious employment was not large. Only in the age groups 16–24 and 25–30 the share of holders of permanent contracts was relatively low (36% and 52%) when compared to the remaining age groups, where such contracts were held by around 70% of the respondents. In the economic-occupational categories, only unskilled workers and blue-collar workers were less likely to have permanent contracts (40% and 59%), while around 70% of representatives of the other groups also had permanent contracts. 2. The crisis will be conducive to a deterioration in the quality of work of working Poles and their general well-being. This hypothesis is not fully confirmed. The majority of the respondents were positive about the prospects for career development and work-life balance, and they did not fear losing their job due to the pandemic, and, compared to the results of the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), the percentage of those confident that they would easily find another job with a similar pay if they lost their current job increased from 34% to 52%. Analyses presented in Chapter 4 make it clear that working from home manifested in better opinions about various aspects of work than those expressed by workers who are still confined to their workplace or other place assigned by the employer (Table 4.5). At the same time, however, the research confirms that some dimensions of job quality, wages in particular, deteriorated during the pandemic in groups who used to be worse off in the labour market before the outbreak of COVID-19. Among those surveyed, young, lower earners with primary education were the most likely to report decreasing wages during the pandemic. 3. Working during the pandemic will affect the well-being of working Poles. Analyses presented in Chapter 7 generally validate the hypothesis that overall life satisfaction has significantly decreased in comparison to the pre-pandemic state (the conclusion, however, needs to be treated with caution due to incomplete comparability of data). 4. The pandemic will negatively affect well-being in groups situated lower in the stratification hierarchy. The hypothesis should be tentatively accepted in relation to satisfaction with one’s own life: entrepreneurs, executives, and senior professionals were the groups actually most satisfied with life, while independent farmers and unskilled workers were the least satisfied. There was a negative correlation between life satisfaction and income, and education; those employed under civil law contracts were also less satisfied. Concerns about their own health appear to be very complex in the light of the responses, and workers turned to be the least concerned. Unskilled workers and farmers appeared to be most satisfied with the state of the economy, which was coupled with their stronger support for the policies of the ruling party in Poland (Law and Justice). 5. In the normative visions of the economy, the pro-worker and market-critical components will be enhanced, and expectations of strengthening the institutions of worker participation and trade unions will grow, while support of market and competition will diminish. Those expectations did not materialise (this was indicated by the analyses of the industrial relations assessments in Chapter 4 and the visions of a well-ordered economy in Chapter 5). Comparing the data collected before the pandemic (2016) with the results from the current study, we can see a relatively similar and unchanged hierarchy of principles in the pre-pandemic period and in autumn of 2021. As had been assumed, COVID-19 translated into expectations of better healthcare coverage and increased labour market security. As expected, there was a decrease in the level of acceptance of market institutions in the area of labour relations, but the level of acceptance of free competition among enterprises remained unaffected. Contrary to prior assumptions, there was no increase in expectations of state intervention in the economy, as well as no increase in expectations of reducing inequality and increasing employee participation. Nor was there a growth in the level of the protectionist orientation (expectations of increased protection of domestic enterprises against foreign capital). Undoubtedly, the registered state of economic mentality had consequences and manifested through a high level of optimism of the respondents in the survey regarding aspects of their job quality such as career prospects, job security, worklife balance, wages, and working time. In conclusion, we would like to reiterate that the empirical research presented in the book employed a combination of quantitative (an analysis of data from a representative survey of a nationwide sample of adults) and qualitative (an analysis of focus group interviews with those working in four sectors: education, healthcare, social assistance, and logistics; as well as an analysis of the media discourse around the topic of ‘essential work’) methods and techniques. The category of essential workers played a special role in the qualitative research. As mentioned before, for the purposes of the research, we defined essential workers as people whose work is necessary for social reproduction and providing for biological and basic social needs under the conditions of a pandemic. Opinions about the quality of work during COVID-19 varied much more and were generally more critique-oriented among essential workers than the CATI survey suggested. Symbolic expressions of gratitude that the workers encountered in the media at the early stage of the pandemic turned out to be short-lived and did not translate into any systemic, lasting improvements of their working conditions. Based on the qualitative analyses, it can be assumed that the critical assessment of the quality of work in healthcare, education, social assistance, and logistics – coupled with chronic labour shortages – is likely to result in a growing potential for discontent in the said groups as polycrises unfold.
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Książka
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