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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Ekonomiczna analiza ograniczenia rozprawy w postępowaniu cywilnym
    An Economic Analysis of Restrictions Exacted on Hearings in Civil Procedure
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519030.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
    Opis:
    The paper purports to outline an economic analysis of limitations inherent in hearings in Polish civil procedure. The point in issue is embodied by Article 220 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter referred to as “the CCP”). Whilst the Article in question has not been amended since 1964, when it was contained within the original wording of the CCP, due to the constant development of the methodology of law, the meaning and ramifications thereof have steadily evolved and at present it may be vetted from a distinct angle. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the economic consequences besetting hearings in the Polish civil procedure. In order to achieve this goal, not only is it necessary to set forth the basis of the economic analysis of law but also to give a brief account of doctrinal reflections on Article 220 CCP. The paper leads to the conclusion that the limitations levied on hearings constitute an extremely useful institution of law, which enhances the economy thereof. It can render the proceedings more expeditious and reduce their social costs, resulting in a more efficient allocation of the resources of all parties to the proceedings. Conversely, in case an erroneous decision is made by the court pertaining to the limitations of the hearing, significant costs may be so incurred. Therefore the court`s decision in this matter can be considered as rational from the economic point of view provided the judgment promulgated during a limited trial coincides with the judgment which would have been reached on a full hearing.
    Źródło:
    Forum Prawnicze; 2014, 2 (22); 38-48
    2081-688X
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kultura Zrzuty, suplement do tematu
    The Pitch-In Culture – an Annex
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku
    Tematy:
    Kultura Zrzuty
    The Pitch-In Culture
    counterculture
    Łódź
    Koszalin
    stan wojenny
    martial low in Poland
    artist run initiatives
    Opis:
    An artistic phenomenon called the ‘Pitch-In Culture’ distinguished the Łódź artistic scene, although it actually reflected the situation in the whole country during the eighties and that is the reason why it attracted artists from different towns and various generations. The most radical arts programme emerged across the entire spectrum of independent artistic activities in Poland after martial law and it was different from art directly connected with political opposition or religious motives. I observed some ‘Pitch- In culture’ actions in Łódź, however I prefer to talk about the way the phenomenon was situated in the broader context of the situation for the arts communities in Poland. Since the mid fifties the art circuit had become stronger and stronger, becoming an alternative to official culture. The totalitarian system was conducive to bureaucratic stagnation, so young artists, who were interested in new media and a non-conventional means of expression, created their own network of artistic groups, galleries and events, most often associated with so called ‘student culture’. In the seventies these artistic communities was numerous and multi-generational. Their basic need was selfeducation and generating a network of private contacts in the country and abroad as well as mutual support within art groups and collective shows. The situation after martial law strongly underlined the need to continue to communicate, deepen the knowledge and keep contact with the essence of modern art. The fight for an artistic awareness ran parallel to the fight for political freedom and historical truth. It was not about randomly adding whatever, but moreover about adding something that was considered valuable to the culture that was practiced at the time. For me, as an art historian it was important to broaden the knowledge and preserve the facts about modern art history. Independently of my work in the museum, I participated in a team directed by Professor Aleksander Wojciechowski, who worked on the history of the neoavant- garde in Lower Silesia. Jerzy Busza also appointed me a member of the editorial board of the Obscura bulletin (1982-1990), in which we published important texts that had not been published before in Poland and which explained the sense of modernist and post-modernist ideas. The monthly edition was published as the Federation of Amateur Photography Associations allowed us to publish it as their bulletin. This may all be described as progressive activities in the face of the lack of institutional support at the time for various forms of culture.
    Źródło:
    Sztuka i Dokumentacja; 2012, 7; 60-65
    2080-413X
    Pojawia się w:
    Sztuka i Dokumentacja
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Medium czy osoba – dylematy sztuki konceptualnej na kilku przykładach
    A Medium Or A Person? – Conceptual Art Dilemmas Shown By A Few Examples
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424564.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku
    Tematy:
    CONTEMPORARY ART
    CONCEPTUAL ART
    CONCEPTUALISM
    ZBIGNIEW DLUBAK
    ZBIGNIEW STANIEWSKI
    NATALIA LL
    ANDRZEJ LACHOWICZ
    ANDRZEJ DUDEK-DÜRER
    FOTO-MEDIUM-ART
    PHOTOMEDIALISM
    Opis:
    My intention is to describe essential artistic strategies associated with conceptualism mainly by highlighting examples of artists associated with the Wroclaw milieu, one of whose strategies included using so called new media, that in the 1960s and 1970s were photography, film and video. This strategy opened the concept of art to the influences of mass culture, everyday life, to the issues of broadening perception and manipulating information. Confrontations and contradictions between the use of new media and classic art forms were expressed by within the milieux and by the various generations of artists causing acute polemics in Poland in the mid-seventies. First I want to focus on the arguments supporting the analysis of photomechanical media, as an essential artistic problem. In Polish art, pioneers of such an awareness were Zbigniew Dlubak and Zbigniew Staniewski. Since 1970 it was expressed in the program of the Permafo group (Dlubak, Natalia LL, A. Lachowicz) and then within other artistic groups, including Foto-Medium-Art and by Jerzy Olek. They were in touch with similar tendencies in Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw. Photomedialism preferred an objective criteria of activities and an openness towards the rules of visuality and the laws of nature typical for documentary movies. On the other hand, it could not exist without pointing at the subject of the creator and its subjective conditions. So the criteria of media and personality interweaved in artistic practice, but also appeared as antagonistic. It was best seen in the work of Natalia LL, who pointed at the instrumental blindness of the photomedialists, even though she paid a lot of attention to media issues herself. The reduction of the role of art objects in conceptual art on behalf of a person and his/her life activities required a search of the personality which often reached the broadest cultural references, associated with philosophy, religion or mythology. It is well illustrated by the artistic activity of Natalia LL and Andrzej Dudek-Durer, anchored in conceptual art and constantly developing through the confrontation of corporality and mental power combined with the language and communication possibilities offered by media.
    Źródło:
    Sztuka i Dokumentacja; 2012, 6; 63-72
    2080-413X
    Pojawia się w:
    Sztuka i Dokumentacja
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odbieranie głosu i uchylanie pytań na rozprawie w procesie cywilnym
    Deprivation of the Right to Speak and Exclusion of Questions during the Trial in Civil Procedure
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
    Opis:
    The Polish Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter referred to as the “CCP”) contains many interesting regulations, which are often used in practice, but are not sufficiently described in legal doctrine. One of such institutions, which should be close to every attorney-at-law or judge`s heart, is provided for in Article 155 CCP. The said provision tenders legal basis for the presiding judge to take away the right to speak and exclude questions asked during the trial in civil procedure. This paper aims to examine the abovementioned regulation and includes analyses of legal doctrine`s views, available judicial decisions and different hypothetical situations. The paper leads to the conclusion that the scope of the Article`s 155 CCP application is broad, although the content of the said article is restrained. This is due to the fact that Article 155 CCP includes several indeterminate phrases, concerning “abuse” of the right to speak and “improper or needless” questions. The said institution therefore encompasses such cases as violation of seriousness, peace and order during court actions, raising irrelevant issues, asking suggestive questions and many other infringements. The abovementioned circumstances require a proper reaction of a presiding judge. However, if a presiding judge applies the said regulation in an inappropriate manner, consequences may be substantial, ranging from requiring a participant in the procedure to modify the asked question to a possibility of appealing the final judgement. Finally, a complex analysis of Article 155 CCP allows to indicate how to formulate proper questions and exercise his or her right to speak before the court.
    Źródło:
    Forum Prawnicze; 2015, 5 (31); 67-77
    2081-688X
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Otwarte pole interpretacji dokumentu w nowych mediach
    Open Field of Interpretation of Documents in New Media
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487995.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im. Eugeniusza Gepperta we Wrocławiu
    Opis:
    Since the mid-20th century, there is a noticeable strengthening of the creative functions of everyday documents, which are contained in the photographs and films. Previously, culture was dominated by the opposition of documentary and artistic functions. One of the earlier attempts to compromise these areas was photographic pictorialism. Avantgarde tendencies led eventually to balancing the status of photography considered in the context of category of the document, as well as the context of creation. It was the harbinger of conceptual art, where each visualization was understood as art document. Collections of existing images are treated today as a global archive where we can find material for new narratives. They are constructed on the basis of traditional narratives, their transformations, technical systems and any logical sequences. They contribute to the creation of a new visual culture of communication.
    Źródło:
    DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu; 2013, 15; 150-161
    1733-1528
    Pojawia się w:
    DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine
    Autorzy:
    Dziubiński, Mieczysław
    Siemionek, Ewa
    Drozd, Artur
    Ścirka, Michał
    Kiszczak, Adam
    Sobota, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    spark-ignition internal combustion engine
    emission of toxic substances
    exhaust standards
    ignition system defects
    diagnostics
    silnik spalinowy o zapłonie iskrowym
    emisja substancji toksycznych
    normy emisji spalin
    uszkodzenia układu zapłonowego
    diagnostyka
    Opis:
    The article discusses the impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic subcategories in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The aim of the work was to develop an analytical model of ignition system diagnostics, test performance and comparative analysis of the results of simulations and experiments. The model developed allows to analyse the basic parameters of the ignition system affecting the content of toxic substances in the exhaust. Experimental tests were carried out using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser for four different combustion engines fueled with petrol at various operating conditions. During the tests, the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gas of a properly working engine and the engine working with damage to the ignition system were registered. The tests will be used to assess the impact of the damage of the spark-ignition engine on the emission of individual components of toxic fumes.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 86-92
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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