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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of transport system operational reliability a Markov approach
    Autorzy:
    Smolarek, Leszek
    Ziemska, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243419.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road transport
    simulation
    Markov model
    semi-Markov model
    Opis:
    The workability of a transport system is associated with performance and operational reliability. Operational reliability provides a measure of the probability that a transport system will realize transport process as intended. Performance reliability is an adequacy measure of transport process realization under specific environmental and traffic conditions. Transport system can be modelled as repairable, multistate, non-homogenous rectangular or dendrite system. This article provides the Markov and semi Markov models for estimation of the operational and performance reliability of city transport system. The system is semi homogenous it means that serial subsystems have the same reliability function. The reliability of any serial subsystem is exponential. The distribution of the repair time is any probability distribution. In case where the probability distribution of the repair time is exponential, the Markov process is used to construct simulation model. The simulation model was applied at Microsoft Excel. Many stochastic models in engineering, logistic and even finance or insurance are setup in a spreadsheet for simulation. The semi Markov model of the multistate reliability of repaired system is applied to the street system. The embedded Markov chain was used to count stationary probabilities. The possibility of application of the results is illustrated by an example for the systems with rectangular or dendrite shaped accordingly, consist of three types of elements.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 227-234
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polish DGPS system: 1995–2017 – study of positioning accuracy
    Autorzy:
    Specht, Cezary
    Smolarek, Leszek
    Pawelski, Jan
    Specht, Mariusz
    Dąbrowski, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    Polish DGPS system
    positioning accuracy
    position accuracy measures
    Opis:
    This paper is the fourth in a series of publications presenting the process of installation, testing and long-term assessment of the navigational parameters of the Polish DGPS system. This series of publications intends to present – to the general public – the accomplishments of teams of Polish scientists who have been working for years to make the DGPS the main positioning system used in the Polish sea areas. A considerable part of the materials presented in this paper has never been published. The article presents changes in the position accuracy of the Polish DGPS system over 20 years. Both dynamic tests performed on vessels as well as static measurements campaigns were analysed. The publication contains selected results achieved in its installation and testing in 1995–1997 supplemented with the results of studies conducted in the years: 2006, 2010, 2014, 2017. During this period the position accuracy increased from 2–8 m (1996) to approx. 1–2 m (2010) due to three reasons: turning – off the Selective Availability (2000), technical modernization of reference stations (2010) and continuous – over many years – reducing GPS signal-in-space pseudorange errors, which results in increased position accuracy in all GPS augmentation systems.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 2; 15-21
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sugars in environmental samples and sedimentary rocks : effectiveness in derivatization for GC-MS analysis
    Autorzy:
    Smolarek-Lach, Justyna
    Goryl, Magdalena
    Marynowski, Leszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060100.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    BSTFA
    MSTFA
    particulate matter
    fungi
    lignites
    Opis:
    Saccharides (sugars), common constituents of the bio- and geosphere, are useful in determining the source of organic matter (OM) in aerosols and early diagenetic phases. Due to the chemical properties and great diversity of sugars in nature, a wide range of techniques is used for the isolation and quantification of saccharides. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, preceded by derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), was undertaken. The effectiveness of this derivatization was demonstrated for soils, aerosols, fungi, and individual sugar standards. The efficacy of BSTFA derivatization for individual sugar standards and, similarly, for samples of sugars in winter and summer aerosols was adequate. In fungi and soil samples, the MSTFA reagent was much more effective. Different mono- and disaccharides were identified in biological samples and sedimentary rocks, showing not only the great diversity of these compounds but also the specificity of their origin in recent and ancient OM. Greater variation in the occurrence of sugars in soils compared to rocks may suggest differences in the stability of some saccharides at an early stage of diagenetic transformation. Comparison of the occurrence of certain sugars in biological samples and sedimentary rocks sheds new light on the origin and preservation of these biomolecules.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 3; 65: 40
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vitrinite equivalent reflectance of Silurian black shales from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Smolarek, Justyna
    Marynowski, Leszek
    Spunda, Karol
    Trela, Wiesław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    Holy Cross Mountains
    Lower Silurian
    maturation
    graptolite reflectance
    black shale
    Opis:
    A number of independent methods have been used to measure the thermal maturity of Silurian rocks from the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. Black shales are characterized by diverse TOC values varying from 0.24-7.85%. Having calculated vitrinite equivalent reflectance using three different formulas, we propose that the most applicablevalues for the Silurian rocks are those based on Schmidt et al. (2015) equation. Based on this formula, the values range from % 0.71 VReqvVLR (the vitrinite equivalent reflectance of the vitrinite-like macerals) to % 1.96 VReqvVLR. Alternative, complementary methods including Rock Eval pyrolysis and parameters based on organic compounds (CPI, Pr/-C17, Ph/-C18, MPI1, and MDR) from extracts did not prove adequate as universal thermal maturity indicators. We have confirmed previous suggestions that Llandovery shales are the most likely Silurian source rocks for the generation of hydrocarbons in the HCM.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2014, 45, 3/4; 79-97
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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