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    Tytuł:
    Związki małopolskich ludowców z Armią Krajową
    Relationships between the Little Poland Peasant Party and the Home Army (AK)
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036484.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    Despite huge repressive measures of both 3rd Reich and USSR in 1939, the activists initiated reconstruction of SL (Peasant Party) local networks. The Little Poland branch of SL enjoyed the strongest position among regional structures of SL. SL granted peasants the right to play a domineering role within the state. During the war however, the fight to liberate the country was the main task. When ZWZ (Armed Fight Union) was established, the Little Poland branch of SL recognized it and started close cooperation. Peasant Party members of Cracow believed, that both military and political affairs should be controlled by one headquarters. The weaker competitor within the peasant movement, Peasant Liberty Organisation „Racławice”, controlled by the pre-war “Sanacja” regime followers, established Polish Armed Organization. Its structures, which were strong in Little Poland, cooperated loyally with ZWZ. Relationships between SL and ZWZ-AK in the given area can be divided into three periods, its boundaries being great arrests of the Area headquarters of ZWZ in April 1941 and the beginning of unification of the SL armed branch – Peasants’ Battalions and AK. In the 1939–1945 it was very difficult to negotiate the then contradictory military and political reasons. National army, in which political views should give way to military reasons was the AK headquarter’s aim. Pre-war officers were excellent at organizing the army. These were generally “Sanacja” supporters. SL were very reluctant towards „Sanacja”. Their aim was to carry out their ideas and reinforce influence within the army and the society. Due to the resistance conditions, invader’s terror, strength of pre-war political divisions and the rolling German–Soviet front together with its consequences, it was difficult to find a compromise.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2012, 17; 365-380
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe „Nowe Wyzwolenie” w świetle sprawozdań Komitetów Wojewódzkich PPR i Wojewódzkich Komitetów PPS (czerwiec 1946 – styczeń 1947)
    The Polish Peasant Party „The New Deliverance” in the light of the reports of The PPR Provincial Committees and The PPS Provincial Committees (June 1946 – January 1947)
    Polnische Volkspartei „Nowe Wyzwolenie” angesichts der politischen Berichte von den Wojewodschaftsparteikomitees der PPR und der PPS (Juni 1946 – Januar 1947)
    Le Parti paysan polonais « Nowe Wyzwolenie » (« Nouvelle libération ») dans les rapports des Comités Provinciaux PPR et PPS (juin 1946 – janvier 1947)
    Польское стронництво людовое „Нове Вызволене” в свете отчетов воеводских комитетов ППР и воеводских комитетов ППС (июнь 1946 – январь 1947)
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968193.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    In the spring of 1946, a small part of the broadly understood PSL management concluded that in the view of the Communists’ determination and ruthlessness of the remaining in opposition made no sense any longer. Without their party superiors’ knowledge they established contacts with the authorities of the PPR and PPS. Since they had failed to convince the Supreme Council of PSL of their views, they began to publish a newspaper „The New Deliverance”. After their exclusion from the ranks of the legal opposition they formed a new political party. They argued that they would be the best representatives of the peasant’s interests in the country. They disassociate themselves from the PSL opposition tactic. They proclaimed to be in favor of the agreement and the cooperation on equal terms with PPR and being its allies which resulted in voting 3 times „Yes” in the referendum. They considered themselves to be the party standing, as far as their program was concerned, between SL and PSL, between the opposition and the government. The most important problem, however, was their credibility. PSL „The New Deliverance” was used by Communists to make the independent peasant movement weaker (e.g., during the election campaign to the parliament), and the Socialists to expand their influence in the country. The time for the departure from the ranks of the legal opposition was politically missed. The construction of the group was facilitated by the impunity of the falsified results of the referendum done by the Communists and the growing preelection terror of PPR. The weakest structures were created at the level of the party’s circles.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2014, 13, 1
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Losy Stronnictwa Demokratycznego w 2 połowie 1948 i na początku 1949 r. Przypadek krakowski
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037441.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    In 1948, aft er the summer changes within the leadership of PPR, the condition for further existence of SD was its acceptance of being a less important regime’s instrument in its policy towards private sector of the economy and the so called working intelligentsia. In the province of Cracow the position of SD was better within the circles of intelligentsia. Th is was due to the fact that in the second half of 1948 the regime increased its eff orts to destroy the private sector of the economy. The attitude of the local communist activists towards SD became severe. SD members were removed from Cracow authorities, local government, trade unions etc. Proportions of SD representatives in those bodies were decided behind closed doors. Activities of UB (secret police) increased. That situation had a disastrous eff ect on internal relations within Cracow branch of SD. Despite training campaign, the SD weak framework found it diffi cult to force its members to actively support the regime. Massive outfl ow of members occurred.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2008, 12; 56-74
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    In the face of the rising importance of natural gas to the Polish economy
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904318.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
    Tematy:
    natural resource security
    national security
    energy policy
    natural gas
    pipelines
    transportation investment
    natural resources
    Opis:
    Objective: The purpose of this text is to determine ways of diversifying the sources of origin and directions for importing natural gas to Poland until the agreement for the supply of Russian gas expires in 2022. In so doing, the growth of extraction in Poland, deliveries from other countries and the partial replacement of gas in the economy with raw materials available in Poland are all analys ed. Research design and methods: A reasonable approach to energy policy, factor analysis and elements of multidimensional comparative analysis were adopted. Findings: It is important that gas imports to the country are substantially increased in winter and it is essential that the capacity of gas storage facilities, in particular cavity facilities, is increased as well. Furthermore, it is necessary to attempt to reduce energy consumption, with different preferences that facilitate the growth of the share of renewable sources of energy (RSE) in the energy mix. Implications / Recommendations: This article presents arrangements which may prove to be useful for implementation of Polish energy policy. Contribution / Value Added: Considerable political changes and alterations to the gas market have superseded a number of researchers’ arrangements and forecasts concerning Poland. What is missing is a comprehensive analysis, based on data from 2017 and 2018, of increasing the diversification of gas supplies to Poland.
    Źródło:
    Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2019, 1(47); 48-60
    1898-3529
    2658-1116
    Pojawia się w:
    Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polityka komunistów wobec socjalistów w Krakowie na przykładzie zbiórki na „wspólny dom”
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/640384.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Opis:
    The Policy of the Communists towards the Socialists in Cracow on the Example of the Collection for the “Common Home”An important element in the process of absorption of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) by the communists in 1948 was a money collection for the construction of the building which was to house the future joint authorities of the “united party.” The goal of the action was to break the resistance of the socialists against drawing them into the ranks of the communist party. The authorities of the Polish Workers’ Party divided the campaign into declaring future contributions and subsequently the actual collection. Special plenipotentiaries had been appointed at all the organizational levels who were to realize the orders of the communists. The latter forced the members of both parties to declare the highest possible contributions and then executed their payment. In spite of the gradual intensification of pressure, the Cracow communists had failed to force the Socialists to terminate the action within a top-down designated time and to pay the declared sums of money. The above campaign was terminated only in the middle of 1949.
    Źródło:
    Prace Historyczne; 2009, 136
    0083-4351
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Around the Idea of Compromise. The activity of the Polish Peasant Party „New Liberation” on the forum of the State National Council and Parliament (with a particular emphasis on education)
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668321.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Polish Peasant Party „New Liberation”. Stanislaw Bańczyk
    State National Council
    Ignacy Klimaszewski
    Legislative Sejm
    Tadeusz Rek
    Opis:
    PSL „New Liberation” tried to win the villages. It highlighted its association with one of the major pre‑war left‑wing peasant parties: PSL „Liberation”. Before the war it had gathered many village teachers, focusing its attention on the modernization and development of education. The „New Liberation” declared great concern for the state (including education); it emphasized the importance of religion; it ensured that in the new political realities, an educated peasant „should not be a laughing stock, as it used to be previously, but a citizen enjoying full rights”. The party emphasized the role of peasant educational organizations: „the tremendous importance of this work, which seeks to abolish the eternal harm suffered by the neglected peasant child.” „New Liberation” persuaded the peasants that they should abandon their rivalry with the Communists and Socialists. The aim was to cooperate on equal terms. But, the idea of „New Liberation” to partially represent the interests of the village in the parliament was unreal. The „liberators” failed to notice the insincerity in PPR policy. The aim of this article is to recall the main activities of the Polish Peasant Party “New Liberation” on the forum of the State National Council and Parliament.
    Źródło:
    The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2017, 7, 2
    2391-6559
    2083-8018
    Pojawia się w:
    The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z dziejów Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej w województwie krakowskim w 1945 i 1946 r.
    From the Past of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in the Province of Cracow in the Years 1945 and 1946
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    Formation of the PPS in the province of Cracow started in the month of January l945.In the end of the year 1945 it possessed the largest number of members of all the provincial branches in the whole country. Active members came mainly from pre-war PPS and PPS-WRN. In many parts of the province close relations were established with SL ”Roch”. Admitting some of the top members of the former PPS-WRN resulted in expansion of the party ranks together with the opposition feelings against the PPS position on the political scene. These were not hindered by the increase of UB persecutions. Due to the many members' attitude, who were reluctant to cooperate with PPR, the PPS's presence in the referendum and election campaigns was disproportionately small. A lot of socialist party members voted against the official PPS stance. PPR is to be blamed that the referendum results brought about such unfavourable consequences for the PPS relations with the communists. Personal changes within WK PPS played important role in tightening the cooperation with PPS before the parliamentary elections. Even so, there were a number of imprisonments of the socialist party members before the elections, dismissing from the polling commissions as well as deleting their names from the list of voters. ln November 1946 a recruitment campaign was launched with the aim to double the number of the party members. This aim was not achieved. [flowever, they managed to acquire more new members than PPR. After the election PPS was by all means the most numerous organization in the province.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2005, 9; 167-180
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    In the face of threat. The Attempt to appoint in 1950. interdisciplinary Institute of Human Research of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783334.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Umiejętności
    Tematy:
    Roman Ingarden, Institute of Human Sciences of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, natural sciences, humanities
    Roman Ingarden, Instytut Badań nad Człowiekiem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, nauki przyrodnicze, nauki humanistyczne
    Opis:
    Most of the proposals for reforms at the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, submitted in 1945–1950, concerned the adaptation of the Academy to further specialization in the world of science. Discussed in the article, the previously unknown, initiative of the eminent philosopher Roman Ingarden was of a different nature. The institute, he was designing, was to be the center of permanent scientific cooperation between scientists from natural and humanities sciences.Using the archive sources and publications, the circumstances of this idea creation were also discussed. The reasons why this initiative was not implemented were also described.Ingarden believed that research conducted as part of the Institute’s experimental labs should cover basic practical issues both for entire communities and individual people. They were to concern, i.a. the nature of man, his role in the world; separateness and kinship to other living beings. The philosopher also proposed testing new research methods at the Institute and training numerous scientists in their application.In practice, the idea of establishing the Institute of Human Sciences of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences was contrary to the policy of the state authorities at that time.
    Większość ze zgłoszonych w latach 1945–1950 oddolnych propozycji reform Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności (PAU) miała na celu dostosowanie Akademii do pogłębiającej się specjalizacji w świecie nauki. Omawiana w artykule, nieznana dotąd, inicjatywa filozofa Romana Ingardena miała charakter odmienny. Projektowany przez niego Instytut miał być ośrodkiem służącym stałej współpracy naukowej między uczonymi reprezentującymi nauki przyrodnicze i humanistyczne.Korzystając ze źródeł archiwalnych i publikacji, omówiono również okoliczności powstania tego pomysłu. Opisano także powody, dla których inicjatywa ta nie została wdrożona.Ingarden uważał, że badania prowadzone w ramach pracowni eksperymentalnych Instytutu powinny objąć podstawowe zagadnienia praktyczne, zarówno odnośnie do całych zbiorowości, jak i poszczególnych ludzi. Miały dotyczyć m.in. natury człowieka, jego roli na świecie, odrębności i pokrewieństwa w stosunku do innych istot żywych. Ingarden proponował także przetestowanie w ramach Instytutu nowych metod badań i wyszkolenie w ich stosowaniu licznych naukowców.W praktyce idea powołania Instytutu Nauk o Człowieku PAU była sprzeczna z ówczesną polityką władz państwowych.
    Źródło:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum; 2020, 19
    2451-3202
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Historiae Scientiarum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Działalność Czesława Chowańca w sferze polityki kulturalnej i wojskowości (do 1944 roku)
    The Activity of Czesław Chowaniec in the Sphere of Cultural Policy and the Military (Until 1944)
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341408.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    Czesław Chowaniec
    cultural policy
    military history
    Stanisławów
    polityka kulturalna
    historia wojskowości
    Opis:
    Czesław Chowaniec (1899–1968) odgrywał bardzo ważną rolę najpierw w życiu kulturalnym Stanisławowa lat 20. XX wieku, a następnie w polskiej działalności kulturalnej i popularyzatorskiej na terenie Francji. Jako naukowiec do 1944 roku najwięcej swej energii twórczej skupiał na historii wojskowości. Wydane z tego zakresu teksty zapewniły mu ważne miejsce wśród polskich historyków wojskowości. Służba w wojsku, w czasie kształtowania granic państwa, miała znaczny wpływ na jego zainteresowania naukowe. W okresie II wojny światowej w armii m.in. był zaangażowany w pracy oświatowo-kulturalnej.
    Czesław Chowaniec (1899–1968) played a very important role, first in the cultural life of Stanisławów in the 1920s, and then in the Polish cultural and popularization activities in France. As a scientist, he focused most of his creative energy until 1944 on military history. The published texts on this topic ensured him an important position among Polish military historians. His service in the army during the time of the shaping of state borders had an immense influence on his scientific interests. During World War II, in his military service he used his skills, among other things, in his work in the sphere of education and culture.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia; 2022, 77; 295-317
    0239-4251
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola Tadeusza Banachiewicza w działalności Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności na przykładzie Komitetów Narodowych
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/689538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Tadeusz Banachiewicz
    Polska Akademia Umiejętności
    historia Polski 1 poł. XX w.
    Opis:
    Before Word War I Conseil Internationalde Recherches was the most important interational organisation as far as sciences were concerned. A row of international unions were attached to it. Since 1921 PAU (Polish Academy of Sciences) was country’ s official representative at international science unions. Several national committees were the Academy’s auxiliary bodies for the Union matters. Top representatives of particular branches of science belonged to these. Tadeusz Banachiewicz, an astronomer, mathematician and geophysicist was the chairman of most delegations sent by the Corporation for congresses of Survey – Geophysical Union and International Astronomy Union. He was also the chairman and played important role at domestic and international activities of National Commitees: Survey – Geophysical and Astronomy.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2012, 11, 1
    1644-857X
    2450-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of underground gas storage facilities in the continuous supply of natural gas to domestic recipients based on the example of the Visegrad Group
    Rola podziemnych magazynów gazu w zapewnianiu ciągłości dostaw gazu ziemnego do odbiorców krajowych na przykładzie państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/282555.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
    Tematy:
    energy policy
    underground gas storage facilities
    natural gas market
    gas infrastructure
    polityka energetyczna
    podziemny magazyn gazu
    rynek gazu ziemnego
    infrastruktura gazowa
    Opis:
    Underground gas storage facilities play an important part in the maintenance of balance between the constantly imported raw material and variable gas demand in the discussed part of Europe. They also allow for more the efficient operation of businesses which exploit this raw material in this part of Europe and operators of power lines. The following issues will be discussed in the article: types, capacity, location and variability of the filling level of underground gas storage facilities in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia; similarities and differences in the policy of natural gas storage between individual Visegrad Group countries; the influence of these differences on the situation in the gas market; the influence of the planned further reconstruction of the natural gas storage facilities system on the energy security of individual countries which belong to the Visegrad Group. Concern for UGSF is one of the conditions of expansion of transmission pipelines to the north and south, increase of LNG import within the Visegrad Group, or the creation of a gas hub in Poland – initiatives aimed at, among others, securing the continuity of supplies to domestic users. However, the current and planned investments indirectly indicate that in the policies of the governments of the Visegrad Group countries, UGSF are supposed to soon play a much smaller role than many researchers would expect. An intensive expansion of UGSF is very unlikely. The scale of the state’s effect on the role of storage facilities in supplying gas to users depends on the level of the state’s control over the companies managing UGSF.
    W omawianej części Europy podziemne magazyny gazu pełnią ważną rolę w utrzymywaniu równowagi pomiędzy stale importowanym surowcem a zmiennym zapotrzebowaniem na gaz. Umożliwiają także bardziej wydajną pracę przedsiębiorcom wydobywającym ten surowiec w omawianej części Europy oraz operatorom linii przesyłowych. W artykule omówione zostały następujące zagadnienia: rodzaje, pojemność, rozmieszczenie i zmienność poziomu zapełnienia podziemnych magazynów gazu na terenie Polski, Czech, Węgier i Słowacji; podobieństwa i różnice polityki odnośnie do magazynowania gazu ziemnego między poszczególnymi państwami Grupy Wyszehradzkiej; wpływ tych różnic na sytuację na rynku gazowym; wpływ, jaki dla bezpieczeństwa energetycznego poszczególnych państw – członków Grupy Wyszehradzkiej będzie miała planowana dalsza rozbudowa systemu magazynów gazu ziemnego. Troska o PMG jest jednym z warunków rozbudowy gazociągów przesyłowych w kierunku północnym i południowym, wzrostu możliwości importu NLG na teren Visegrad Group czy stworzenia w Polsce hubu gazowego – inicjatyw mających na celu m.in. zabezpieczenie ciągłości dostaw do odbiorców krajowych. Obecne i planowane inwestycje pośrednio wskazują jednak, że w polityce władz państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, PMG mają w najbliższej przyszłości pełnić wyraźnie mniejszą rolę niż przewiduje wielu badaczy. Mało prawdopodobny jest wariant intensywnej rozbudowy PMG. Skala wpływu państwa na rolę magazynów w dostarczaniu surowca do odbiorców jest uzależniona od stopnia jego kontroli nad firmami zarządzającymi PMG.
    Źródło:
    Polityka Energetyczna; 2020, 23, 3; 21-40
    1429-6675
    Pojawia się w:
    Polityka Energetyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Związki małopolskich ludowców z Armią Krajową
    Relationships between the Little Poland Peasant Party and the Home Army (AK)
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037588.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    Despite huge repressive measures of both 3rd Reich and USSR in 1939, the activists initiated reconstruction of SL (Peasant Party) local networks. The Little Poland branch of SL enjoyed the strongest position among regional structures of SL. SL granted peasants the right to play a domineering role within the state. During the war however, the fight to liberate the country was the main task. When ZWZ (Armed Fight Union) was established, the Little Poland branch of SL recognized it and started close cooperation. Peasant Party members of Cracow believed, that both military and political affairs should be controlled by one headquarters. The weaker competitor within the peasant movement, Peasant Liberty Organisation „Racławice”, controlled by the pre-war “Sanacja” regime followers, established Polish Armed Organization. Its structures, which were strong in Little Poland, cooperated loyally with ZWZ. Relationships between SL and ZWZ-AK in the given area can be divided into three periods, its boundaries being great arrests of the Area headquarters of ZWZ in April 1941 and the beginning of unification of the SL armed branch – Peasants’ Battalions and AK. In the 1939–1945 it was very difficult to negotiate the then contradictory military and political reasons. National army, in which political views should give way to military reasons was the AK headquarter’s aim. Pre-war officers were excellent at organizing the army. These were generally “Sanacja” supporters. SL were very reluctant towards „Sanacja”. Their aim was to carry out their ideas and reinforce influence within the army and the society. Due to the resistance conditions, invader’s terror, strength of pre-war political divisions and the rolling German–Soviet front together with its consequences, it was difficult to find a compromise.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2011, 16; 183-198
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polityka komunistów wobec Stronnictwa Demokratycznego w województwie krakowskim w pierwszej połowie 1948 r.
    Communists’ Policy Towards Stronnictwo Demokratyczne (Democratic Party) in the Province of Cracow in the First Half of 1948
    Autorzy:
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    In the given period the SD (acronym for Stronnictwo Demokratyczne, Democratic Party) position on the political scene deteriorated considerably. Efforts to adapt the party to the situation did not change the negative attitude to SD on the side of lots of local PPR (Communist Party) activists. A lot of SD members were forced to join PPR. Actions of SD leaders against such moves by PPR activists were ineffective. Activities of UB (secret police) increased. SD structures had to follow communists’ guidelines and keep in close contact with PPR. Position of SD members in companies and different organizations deteriorated. The communists ordered ousting a row of activists from SD youth organization. Among others, SD was used by PPR in their politics towards PPS (socialist party) and to control the school system. Quite often the size as well as the name list of SD share in different structures were agreed without SD representatives’ being present.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2006, 10; 221-236
    1643-6911
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Methane emissions from elements of gas distribution networks and the energy security of EU countries in time of gas wars
    Emisje metanu z elementów dystrybucyjnej sieci gazowej a bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państw UE w dobie wojen gazowych
    Autorzy:
    Narloch, Piotr
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446492.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    bezpieczeństwo energetyczne
    bezpieczeństwo militarne
    współczynniki emisyjności metanu
    dystrybucyjna sieć gazowa
    gaz ziemny
    energy security
    military security
    methane emission factors
    gas distribution network
    natural gas
    Opis:
    The scale of methane emissions from gas distribution systems has serious consequences for energy security, ensuring the security of natural gas transmission and reducing gas losses in transport. That is why it is important to determine the scale of such emissions from individual elements of the infrastructure. It has been confirmed that such emissions have a significant effect on the military security of EU countries. The emission factor (EF) is affected by many other causes. The best method of calculating the EF is one that takes into account the most variables. A theoretical method of determining the EF has been developed, taking into consideration the age of the equipment as well as pressure, temperature and speed. When comparing the methods in the literature to date, one has to bear in mind that none of them describes the variables that affect the magnitude of the EF. To map an actual emission, it is crucial to have data that describe the gas infrastructure component under analysis, along with the most precise information available to characterise the operating conditions.
    Poważne konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa energetycznego; zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa przesyłu gazu ziemnego i ograniczenia strat gazu w trakcie transportu ma skala emisji metanu z systemu gazowniczego. Dlatego istotne jest określenie skali tej emisji z poszczególnych elementów infrastruktury. Potwierdzono tezę o znacznym. Współczynnik emisyjności (EF) zależy od wielu innych czynników. Najlepszą metodą obliczenia EF będzie ta, która uwzględnia jak najwięcej zmiennych. Opracowano od strony teoretycznej metodę wyznaczania EF uwzględniającą wiek aparatury oraz ciśnienie, temperaturę i prędkość. Porównując funkcjonujące dotąd w literaturze metody, należy mieć na uwadze, że żadna z nich nie charakteryzuje zmiennych, które wpływają na wielkość współczynnika emisyjności. Aby móc odwzorować rzeczywistą emisję, kluczowe jest posiadanie danych opisujących analizowany element infrastruktury gazowej, wraz z jak najbardziej precyzyjnymi informacjami opisującymi warunki pracy.
    Źródło:
    Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2023, 21, 1; 191-214
    1732-9639
    Pojawia się w:
    Polityka i Społeczeństwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zarząd majątkami Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym
    Management of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in the interwar twenty-year period
    Autorzy:
    Biliński, Piotr
    Skrzyński, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19944661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    During Poland’s twenty years of independence after the Great War the basic of functioning of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences were acres given by Archduke Karol Stefan Habsburg, Paweł Tyszkowski and Władysław Józef Fedorowicz. They were almost 20,000 hectares big and they consisted of three parts: forests, constructional areas and granges. Thanks to the income gained the Academy experienced the economic boom and its administrator, Stanisław Kutrzeba, could proudly say in 1938 that in the years of such market conditions it allocated one million złoty for scientific aims.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku; 2010, 08; 281-291
    2450-6796
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The early Bronze Age feature from Wilczyce, site 10, Sandomierz district– An interpretation of its functioning in light of multidimensional analysis.
    Autorzy:
    Jarosz, Paweł
    Boroń, Tomasz
    Witkowska, Barbara
    Winiarska-Kabacińska, Małgorzata
    Różańska-Tuta, Zuzanna
    Skrzyński, Grzegorz
    Osypińska, Marta
    Kerneder-Gubała, Katarzyna
    Szczepanek, Anita
    Sołodko, Anna
    Włodarczak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085854.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
    Tematy:
    Mierzanowice culture
    Sandomierz Upland
    funeral rite
    settlement feature
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to present the multidimensional characteristics of the feature number 4 at the site in Wilczyce located on the Sandomierz Upland. During exploration of the pit rich flint material, fragments of pottery vessels and animal bones were found and just above the bottom a “deposit” involved a human skull of the young female, two cattle mandibles, a sheep/goat tibia and astragalus, a damaged cattle scapula and radius, and a polishing stone were deposited. The C14 date obtained from the tooth from the cattle jaw was 3790 ± 35 BP. Based on the shape and the size of discovered feature it is possible to classify it as a typical storage pit but presence of “deposit” enable to postulate a ritual character of assemblage that reflect some kind of burial practices of the Mierzanowice culture. Rituals in the form of interring the dead or parts of their bodies can be found also in the Unietice culture so such features may indicate the emergence of a certain supra-regional and cross-cultural trend in the early Bronze Age
    Źródło:
    Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia; 2020, 15; 77-102
    2084-4409
    Pojawia się w:
    Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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