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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    POMIAR BEZPIECZEŃSTWA EKONOMICZNEGO PAŃSTW GRUPY WYSZEHRADZKIEJ
    MEASURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES
    Autorzy:
    Sałek-Imińska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1827195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-10-15
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
    Tematy:
    bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne
    Grupa Wyszehradzka
    PKB
    rating
    dług
    publiczny.
    economic security
    Visegrad Group
    GDP
    public debt.
    Opis:
    Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia problematykę pomiaru bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego państw krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne stanowi istotny element funkcjonowania gospodarek narodowych, które dążą poprzez płaszczyznę gospodarczą do stabilizacji politycznej w regionie, co przyczynia się do ograniczenia ryzyka konfliktu zbrojnego. W kontekście bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego należy wskazywać także na problemy nierówności ekonomicznej państw. To ich scentrowany dostęp do kapitału, rynków czy innych kategorii ekonomicznych, a także znajdowanie się na określonym etapie rozwoju systemowego może nasilać to zjawisko, jak i wpływać na zachwianie poziomu suwerenności ekonomicznej państw. Celem artykułu jest próba wskazania poziomu bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w aspekcie poziomu wzrostu gospodarczego mierzonego wskaźnikiem PKB oraz oceny ratingowej i relacji długu publicznego do PKB. Autorka artykułu jest świadoma, iż mierniki te nie dają podstaw do wyrażania sądów wartościujących w kontekście szeroko rozumianego poziomu bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego, ale stanowią ich niezbędne składniki i podstawę do dalszych analiz i ocen.
    Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the countries of the Visegrad Group. By perceiving economic security as a balance of the developmental needs of these countries, we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which may include development, infrastructure and possibilities of balance and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of measurements. One of these is gross domestic product (GDP), the rating and the ratio of public debt to GDP. The purpose of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of economic security of the Visegrad Group countries. The proposed measures do not provide grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the broadly understood level of economic security, but constitute their necessary component and the basis for further analysis and evaluation.
    Źródło:
    Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2019, 4; 17-30
    2543-7321
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Defense Spending as a Determinant of Poland’s Military Strength
    Autorzy:
    Sałek-Imińska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    defense spending
    state military strength
    state budget
    GDP
    Opis:
    The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of Poland’s defense spending in the years 2008–2018, in the context of their impact on the military strength of the state. The research question of this study is whether the amount of defense spending included in the state budget is a determinant of Poland’s military strength. In accordance with the methodology adopted by NATO, the analysis includes the following aspects: total planned and executed defense spending, the share of defense spending in the state budget spending, the relation of defense spending to the GDP growth rate, and the share of defense spending in GDP. In analyzing Poland’s military strength, a world military strength ranking, Global Firepower, was used. The result of the research is that the most important factors that impact the military strength of individual state economies include the amount of budget spending incurred for the functioning and modernization of the armed forces.
    Źródło:
    Security Dimensions; 2020, 33(33); 118-131
    2353-7000
    Pojawia się w:
    Security Dimensions
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Conditions of the Russian Federation’s Strategic Culture and Its Impact on Russia’s Foreign Policy
    Autorzy:
    Zarobny, Stanisław
    Sałek-Imińska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    strategic culture
    Russian Federation
    security policy
    foreign policy
    strategy
    Opis:
    Over the last thirty years, the importance and interest in cultural factors in international relations and in international security has increased. The links between culture and security, and in particular the impact of culture on security, are issues whose importance is growing and which are being increasingly studied. They are regarded as a multifaceted problem, as cultural differences have become the cause of conflicts and wars, and tendencies of cultural domination have led to the destruction of cultures and entire civilizations. It therefore seems interesting to reflect on the process of developing an independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of shaping the independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation and to address four basic research problems: the sources of Russian strategic culture; the indication which of them are primary and which are secondary ones; determining whether Russian strategic culture underwent evolution; and determining whether then Cold War influenced the shape of today’s strategic culture of the Russian Federation. To achieve the intended purpose of the article, critical analysis of literature is applied, which allowed to find answers to the research questions.
    Źródło:
    Security Dimensions; 2021, 35(35); 65-80
    2353-7000
    Pojawia się w:
    Security Dimensions
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Level of economic security of NATO Eastern flank countries
    Autorzy:
    Agnieszka, Sałek-Imińska,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-19
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    economic security
    GDP
    the states of the eastern flank of NATO
    Opis:
    In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa. In all the states of NATO’s eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO’s eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO’s eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were characterized by the highest level of economic security in the analyzed period.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2018, 32; 202-221
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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