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    Tytuł:
    Analiza klimatu w obiektach zabytkowych – kryteria oceny. Na przykładzie kościoła w Skępem
    Climate analysis in historic buildings – evaluation criteria. Based on the example of the church in Skępe
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21151083.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    klimat
    klimat w otoczeniu dzieł sztuki
    zabytki
    analiza klimatu
    ocena klimatu
    climate
    climate surrounding works of art
    monuments
    climate analysis
    climate assessment
    Opis:
    Parametry klimatu otaczającego zabytki mają podstawowe znaczenie dla ich stanu zachowania oraz szybkości przebiegu procesów niszczenia budującej je materii. Kontrola parametrów klimatu nie jest dziś problemem, trudne jest natomiast prawidłowe zinterpretowanie wyników pomiarów i przełożenie ich na wnioski użyteczne w praktyce ochrony zabytków. Celem tej publikacji jest tworzenie rodzaju przewodnika ułatwiającego dokonanie analizy klimatu w obiekcie zabytkowym. Jako narzędzia do analizy klimatu zastosowane zostały wprowadzone już przed kilku laty kryterium oceny jego stabilności oraz nowe narzędzie – kryterium oceny bezpieczeństwa wilgotnościowego obiektu. Taki sposób analizy pozwala nie tylko stwierdzić ewentualne nieprawidłowości, ale także ustalić ich przyczyny. Dopiero zaś ustalenie przyczyn umożliwia świadome dokonywanie korekt klimatu. Ma to istotne znaczenie dla kształtowania warunków klimatycznych w muzeach, ale przede wszystkim dla ogromnego zasobu dóbr kultury, które są i będą poza zasięgiem profesjonalnej opieki muzealnego konserwatora, dla ich gospodarzy, opiekunów, także dla służb konserwatorskich podejmujących decyzje o np. ewentualnym montażu ogrzewania w zabytkowych kościołach. Projekt ogrzewania zawsze powinien być poprzedzony dokładnym rozpoznaniem klimatu wnętrza po to, aby móc wybrać taki typ ogrzewania, który nie będzie destabilizował klimatu, przez to przyspieszając procesy niszczenia.
    The climatic parameters of the surroundings of monuments are of fundamental importance to their state of preservation and also to the rapidity of the processes that cause deterioration and decay in the building materials from which they are made. Nowadays, controlling climatic parameters is no longer a problem; however, it is difficult to accurately assess the findings and then to formulate them as conclusions that are useful for monument conservation practices. The aim of this article is to compile a ‘guide’ of sorts to facilitate analysing the impact of climate change on historic buildings. A criterion for evaluating their stability – introduced several years ago – and a new tool – the criterion for evaluating the object’s safe relative humidity level – have been used as tools in climate analysis. This method of analysis makes it possible not only to identify possible irregularities, but also to determine their causes. It is only possible to make informed adjustments to the climate once the causes have been identified. This is of vital importance for creating environmental conditions in museums, but above all for the huge stock of cultural assets which are and will be beyond the reach of a professional museum conservator, for their hosts, caretakers, and also for the conservation services that make the decisions about, for example, the possible installation of heating in historic churches. Any heating project should always be preceded by a comprehensive examination of the interior climate in order to be able to choose a type of heating that will not destabilize the environment and thus accelerate the deterioration processes.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2023, 1; 193-228
    0029-8247
    2956-6606
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasady konserwatorskie a zabytkowe parki
    Monument conservation principles in relation to historic parks
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    zabytkowe parki
    zabytkowe ogrody
    wartościowanie
    zasady konserwatorskie
    historic parks
    historic gardens
    valuation
    conservation principles
    Opis:
    Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienia w ostatnim czasie bardzo żywo dyskutowane i ważne dla środowiska ludzi zajmujących się ochroną szeroko pojmowanego dziedzictwa. Po porządkującym przypomnieniu podstawowych pojęć oraz współczesnej teorii konserwacji-restauracji omawia kwestie wartościowania jako podstawy i warunku prawidłowego planowania prac. Autorka przedstawia doświadczenia z kartą zabytku jako narzędziem umożliwiającym porządkowanie procesu wartościowania, a zarazem prezentowanie jego wyników w formie syntezy czytelnej nie tylko dla specjalistów. Drugą część artykułu stanowią rozważania nad zagadnieniem przydatności dla pielęgnacji zabytkowych parków i ich konserwacji Siedmiu zasad konserwatorskich – „drogowskazów” wypracowanych na potrzeby konserwacji-restauracji dzieł sztuki.
    This article focuses on issues that are widely discussed in recent times and important for the specialists who deal with the preservation of broadly understood heritage. After providing an ordering reminder of basic terms and contemporary theory of conservation and restoration, the article discusses the issues of evaluation as the basis and condition for correct planning of works. The author presents experimental studies with the ‘monument record sheet’ as a tool allowing the ordering of the valuation process and showing its results in a form of synthesis that is intelligible not only for specialists. The second part of the article includes considerations regarding the issue of usefulness of the Seven Principles of Conservation – guidelines elaborated for the purpose of conservation and restoration of fine arts – while maintaining and restoring historic parks.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2016, 1; 29-55
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TOMASZ MERTA 1965-2010
    REMINISCENCE ABOUT TOMASZ MERTA (1965-2010)
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538445.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Tomasz Merta
    Generalny Konserwator Zabytków
    Opis:
    “…Heritage is a great national treasury, which stores absolutely everything that influenced and continues to affect the moulding of our identity…” Tomasz Merta, Nieodzowność konserwatyzmu. W odpowiedzi Timothy’emu Snyderowi, „Res Publica Nowa”, listopad 1997, nr 126, s. 54. When five years ago Minister Tomasz Merta was appointed General Conservator of Historical Monuments, our milieu assumed an anticipatory stand and full of uncertainty observed how he would fulfil this function. He was expected to tackle the increasingly complicated situation of the Service for the Protection of Historical Monuments, serious problems emerging and surrounding us on all sides, the prominent battle for “centralisation”, suspended in a void, insufficient staff, low wages, and the relegation of our difficulties by the world of politics to the margin… We were anxious about the time needed to introduce a person “from another world” to our specific concerns. After all, he was totally unfamiliar with them and with us – who had shared years of joint debates, conferences and confrontations concerning differently comprehended but ultimately similar causes, and involved in the welfare of historical monuments. Tomasz Merta managed to overcome this barrier, observing the people around him and seeking those whom he could trust, and whose opinions could be regarded as objective and free from egoism, and for whom concern for historical monuments was an actual priority. He did so in an extremely discreet manner, but consistently. As an excellent and keen observer, he was interested in learning about the situation of the conservation milieu. Tomasz Merta treated the Council for the Protection of Historical Monuments very seriously – as an advisory and auxiliary body and not as an obstacle. He always attended its sessions, and whenever his multiple duties made it possible he participated from the beginning to the very end. Already during his first term in office, once he realised just how many problems he was compelled to face and how serious was the overall situation, he invited the Council for longer meetings. Separated from the greenery and tranquillity of the Radziejowice palace park by a white curtain fluttering in the breeze, we spent long summer afternoons discussing fervently every issue possible. Upon certain occasions, our meetings produced heated disputes. Minister Merta calmly listened to all the arguments, at times giving the impression of being deeply lost in thought and as if only partially present. He never took notes, but at the end summed up the hourslong discussion by analysing all the mentioned questions, referring them to a wider backdrop of social phenomena and proposing a synthesis. The aptness of his conclusions was always astonishing! Upon the occasion of assorted conferences and a joint celebration of the International Day of Historical Monuments, Tomasz Merta made speeches – these were by no means the glib words of a politician or populistic praises of the milieu. Each time, he touched upon the most essential aspects of the protection of the national heritage, its determinants and the relations between the monument and society, trying to understand, deliberate and refer to the topics of current discussions. His words were not conceived as instruction or an attempt at an arbitrary solution of controversial issues. These were the subtle reflections of an intellectual, presented in the manner of essays about our connections with historical monuments and obligations towards them. Each speech went further and dealt with new areas. I am well aware of the fact that I was not the only person eagerly awaiting his next statement. When in April 2009 we met in Leżajsk to analyse the significance of authenticity, competent opinions were interspersed with highly contentious declarations. Half a year later, in Toruń, Minister Merta returned to the value of the authenticity of historical monuments and the original. This time, he went a step further. He discreetly reminded his listeners, tired of daily battles waged for salvaging monuments from greed, and frequently simply from a lack of common sense, that not only original qualities are of importance. The Minister spoke about the significance of history recorded in each monument, and recalled the relevance of the preservation of their authentic form so that they would document the time of their origin as well as the time that had passed since. This is the time in which they coexisted with generations of our ancestors and amassed and recorded traces of war, neglect or respect and care. In this subtle way he expanded our field of observation and, for all practical purposes, delineated successive tasks. Tomasz Merta appreciated the value of authenticity He also understood the essence of protection and the fact that this was a joint task – both ours and his. Tomasz Merta told us that conservation never ends, and that the ideas of refurbishing and preservation are eternal. He was disturbed by the fact that contemporary times alter the relations between people and objects, and that man’s attitude towards things is becoming nonchalant and arrogant – this is the reason why so many would like to replace the old with the new. He considered this particular feature of social transformations as extremely dangerous for the realisation of our mission of protection. When in November 2008 we met in Wojanów to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Service for the Protection of Historical Monuments, the prevailing mood was despondent. Only conservators were present. Enclosed within our own milieu, we presented successive recollections and reflections, proving to ourselves that we are but a diminutive particle of society, albeit important, hard working and with imposing accomplishments. Minister Merta managed to join us in the late evening, straight from Paris, although being quite ill he should have gone home. He knew, however, that he could not leave us alone in those circumstances. On his part, this was a magnificent gesture of respect to the whole conservation milieu. While engaged in political battles for the protection of historical monuments, and especially against the ill-fated “centralisation”, he encountered considerable obstacles. The tendency to relegate culture to the margin, especially in the case of the requirements of conservation, was the reason why the target, which upon several occasions he appeared to be so close to attaining, suddenly became distant and everything had to be commenced anew. Each time, Minister Merta was ready to hand in his resignation – he was crushed by successive failures. Not always were we capable of appreciating his efforts aimed at guaranteeing historical monuments and our milieu the suitable interest of legislators and representatives of state administration. With incredible culture, reserve, tact and calmness he explained to us the complicated labyrinths of ministerial offices, the principles of and reasons for his own conduct, and the political conditions decisive for our situation. We trusted him because his activity incessantly confirmed that all his endeavours were ultimately pursued for the sake of historical monuments. Tomasz Merta was greatly concerned with the fate of the conservation services staff, He considered our humiliating wages to be one of many degrading factors, and thus was greatly pleased when at the beginning of 2009 he finally managed to achieve considerable salary rises. His sensitivity, culture and unique intellect were the reasons why every meeting with him and every conversation proved to be a fascinating and enhancing event. Now, his sudden loss came as a painful experience to all…
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 2; 96-99
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    AUTENTYCZNOŚĆ I INTEGRALNOŚĆ ZABYTKÓW
    THE AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539514.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    CULTURAL HERITAGE - CONTEMPORARY COMPREHENSION
    ECONOMY - MONUMENT RELATION
    MONUMENT - SOCIETY INTERACTION
    autentyczność zabytku
    integralność zabytku
    dziedzictwo kulturowe
    dziedzictwo kultury
    konwencja o ochronie dziedzictwa niematerialnego
    dziedzictwo niematerialne
    wartość zabytku
    podmiotowość dziedzictwa
    ekonomia
    przekształcenia bezinwazyjne
    przekształcenia anektujące
    przekształcenia pochłaniające
    Opis:
    The article discusses the contemporary comprehension of the concept of the cultural heritage against a wider background of the heritage of culture. The authoress considered the significance of time and the value of historical monuments assessed according to the classical Riegel systematic as well as contemporary experiences that recommend taking into consideration the dynamics of processes caused by the monuments. The article introduces a static differentiation and the currently indispensable dynamic model of an analysis of the value of monuments, with due consideration for complex monument-society interactions. Special emphasis is placed on the economy - monuments relation, which lately has assumed particular significance. The authoress also discussed questions associated with the concept of authenticity judged along the axis of time and the role of original matter as an information carrier determining the existence of all the other assets of a historical monument. In doing so, she distinguished three types of transformation to which the monuments were subjected in the past and still are today, dividing them into non-invasion, annexation and absorption. The text delves into the consequences of choosing the type of transformation for the retention of the authenticity and integration of the monuments. By embarking upon the question of integrity, the text mentions two categories - technical and aesthetic. Next, the authoress examined the outcome of the latter's violation and the possibility of avoiding its negative effects. Additionally, she drew attention to the fact that monuments comprise irreplaceable resources, and hence unsuitable conditions and undertakings that eliminate contact with the authentic monument also destroy its non-material values. Situations that blur the antiquity of historical monuments by changing them into buildings indistinguishable from their contemporary successors are evidence of nearsightedness. More, they are contrary to economic, conservation and social purposes.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2008, 4; 37-57
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PROJEKTOWANIE KONSERWATORSKIE
    CONSERVATION DESIGNING
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535796.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    CONSERVATION DESIGNING
    projektowanie konserwatorskie
    badania konserwatorskie
    Kodeks Etyki
    historia projektowania konserwatorskiego
    konserwatorzy-restauratorzy
    zasady konserwatorskie
    nowa funkcja zabytku
    projekt konserwatorski
    tworzenie projektu konserwatorskiego
    Opis:
    With a definition of the titular concept as its point of departure, the article discusses the history and praxis of conservation designing in relation to movable monuments and monuments of architecture. A recollection of the development of training conservators-restorers in Poland made it possible to analyse the present-day situation in which the architectural project is, at times, identified with its conservation counterpart. In practice, this misunderstanding becomes the reason for mistaken realisations that violate the fundamental principles of protection and often outright damage monuments. Responsibility for cultural heritage imposes the quickest possible change of this state of things, which would involve setting right the prevailing legal regulations and introducing a demand for a complex execution of interdisciplinary conservation projects. The indispensable components of conservation and a model of its implementation are presented in two tables closing the article.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2008, 1; 57-78
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SZTUKA KONSERWACJI I RESTAURACJI THE ART OF CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION Red. Iwona Szmelter i Monika Jadzińska, Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnicze Rzeczpospolita SA, Międzyuczelniany Instytut Konserwacji i Restauracji Dzieł Sztuki Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie i Krakowie, Warszawa 2007
    SZTUKA KONSERWACJI I RESTAURACJI (THE ART OF CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION) Ed. by Iwona Szmelter and Monika Jadzińska. Publisher: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnicze Rzeczypospolita SA. Co-publisher: Międzyuczelniany Instytut Konserwacji i Restauracji Dzieł Sztuki Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie i Krakowie, Warszawa 2007
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537451.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Cesare Brandi
    koncepcja Brandiego
    Sztuka konserwacji i restauracji
    wspołczesny rozwój metod badawczych
    podstawy polskiej szkoły konserwacji i restauracji
    Opis:
    His publication, with the subtitle: Cesare Brandi (1906-1988), jego myśl i debata o dziedzictwie. Sztuka konserwacji-restauracji w Polsce (Cesare Brandi /1906-1988/, His Thought and the Heritage Debate. Art of Conservation-Restoration in Poland), contains opinions presented at a conference held under the same title at the Museum Palace Orangery in Wilanow on 5-6 October 2007. The collection documents an important event and considers the theoretical and practical achievements of Polish and European conservators; at the same time, it is part of the worldwide celebrations of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of the eminent Italian scholar, and discusses his accomplishments and their significance for the contemporary protection of the cultural heritage. The four parts of the book deal with various aspects of conservation-restoration, introduced by Prof. Iwona Szmelter. The authors of the first part analyse the role played in Polish conservation-restoration by the conceptions launched by Cesare Brandi. The second group of articles considers contemporary problems and challenges, which include, i. a. modern research and conservation techniques, new forms of heritage protection, and innovative forms of communication with society as regards this particular domain. Successive material pertain to the past and present of Polish conservation-restoration and the outstanding authors of Polish academic conservation centres, Brandi’s contemporaries. The final part delves into essential conservation theories and their references to praxis – concrete cases, complexes of monuments, and the activity of teams of experts. The presented studies testify to the close connections between conservation-restoration and assorted disciplines of the arts, exerting a prominent impact on the further fate of historical monuments.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 2; 117-120
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PROBLEMATYKA TECHNOLOGICZNA I KONSERWATORSKA DZIEŁ MALARSKICH XAWEREGO DUNIKOWSKIEGO
    THE TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF CANVASES BY XAWERY DUNIKOWSKI
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Arszyńska, Joanna
    Doleżyńska, Ewa
    Szelwach, Renata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Xawery Dunikowski
    malarstwo
    restauracja obrazów
    konserwacja
    Opis:
    The reason for studying the paintings by Xawery Dunikowski was the conservation and restoration of six canvases from the large set of works by this artist, conducted by the Institute for the Conservation of Paintings and Polychromed Sculpture. The examined compositions included three canvas paintings, one collage, and two paintings on plywood, featured in the Królikarnia Branch of the National Museum in Warsaw. One of the plywood paintings was executed on both sides. Despite numerous conservation undertakings performed in the course of recent years, and encompassing not only the paintings under discussion but also the whole Królikarnia collection, so far no publications has discussed the conservation, technical construction, and execution technology of works by X. Dunikowski. The purpose of the presented operations was to offer basic knowledge which in the future will facilitate all sorts of ventures focused on the conservation, restoration and prophylactic protection of the artist’s oeuvre. The research has made possible a technical and technological analysis and an examination of the state of the preservation and conservation of the works of this prolific artist. At the same time, methods which could serve as a basis for the conservation of his whole oeuvre have been devised. The selection of paintings involved an attempt at creating a set which would present damage typical for all the Dunikowski paintings. The titular conservation and restoration posed a number of problems caused primarily by the artist’s approach to his workshop. The majority of the damage is the result of an incorrect choice of material. Certain sources indicate that Dunikowski relegated all technical issues to the sidelines, and apparently was unconcerned with the durability of his works. At the very outset, therefore, we should ask about the extent to which one should interfere in cases such as this, and the range of the ensuing conservation, as evidenced by the intense discussion about the unusual appearance of the painting entitled Abstract Composition with a Skull. It would be difficult to ascertain unambiguously whether the uneven canvas around the cardboard attached with stiff glue is the effect of the lengthy impact of atmospheric factors. Equally controversial proved to be the purposefulness of gluing and supplementing damaged corners in the Portrait of a Daughter (obverse) and the Portrait of a Girl (reverse). Since the artist painted the portraits on an already damaged base, such an undertaking would not be tantamount to a restoration of the original state, but constitute a creation. Ultimately, it was decided to opt for moderation in restoring the state of the monument according to our vision of its original condition. Certain technical and aesthetic problems are posed by the exposition of this two-sided painting, since the obverse had been executed across the rectangular plywood, and the reverse – longitudinally. The above considered examples of complex problems prove that in this particular case conservation was by no means routine. This experience made it possible to once again heighten our awareness of the fact that the conservation and restoration of modern art remain an open issue, and that questions which only at first glance appear to be of minor importance actually call for individual treatment.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 4; 47-60
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Klimat we wnętrzach zabytkowych kościołów z punktu widzenia konserwatora dzieł sztuki
    The Climate inside Antique Churches from the Point of View of a Works of Art Conservator
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954589.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Opis:
    The author, a practitioner-conservator, lectures on some issues of preservation prophylactics and she conducts research on the reasons for and mechanisms of decay of works of art. One of the lines of research in this respect is looking for climatic relations in museum and church interiors. Old buildings are complex organisms in which the climate remains a result of the interaction of numerous factors. In turn, the climate of an interior also generates a lot of dependence forming the character and pace of decaying processes in the matter of the very building and all its furniture. The problems of excessive dryness of the interior that are typical of museums practically do not occur in churches. They only concern those churches where heating has been introduced. Fortunately, in Poland most old churches do not have heating systems. However, the odds are that the fashion requiring that each church should have one with time will also prevail in the ones that have remained with a natural climate for centuries. The problem of seasonal over-dryness occurs in modern churches built of steel and concrete that have big windows and are utterly defenceless against the outer climate. In such cases over-dryness appears not only in winter, when the heating is working, but also in the summer. In churches that are not heated we never have the problem of too low wetness, and especially of the need to moisten their interiors. The main factor that causes devastation of a building and its furniture is condensation of water vapour caused by de-stabilising climatic conditions in its interior. Research has shown that when looking for an answer to the conservator’s question about the causes of decay one should base his reasoning upon the data obtained from measuring the parameters of the climate in the church and on recognising the frequency of condensation occurrence. The interior climate may be corrected by removing the walls’ dampness and its cause; by introducing effective ventilation and by a resulting possibility to eliminate the devastating condensation phenomena. Heating the church is only another measure that serves correcting the climate. Here the author gives detailed conditions for introduction of heating. However, the final decision has to result from detailed settlements reached by the user and the conservator. Hence no actions may be initiated without assuming full responsibility for their results, even distant ones, and for their impact on the future fate of the building.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2002, 50, 4; 239-248
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ zjawisk elektrostatycznych na brudzenie się werniksów z żywic sztucznych
    THE EFFECT OF ELECTROSTATIC PHENOMENA ON THE SOILING OF VARNISHES FROM SYNTHETIC RESINS
    Autorzy:
    Rouba, Bogumiła
    Łukaszewicz, Jadwiga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1982
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    wpływ zjawisk elektrostatycznych na brudzenie się werniksów z żywic sztucznych
    wpływ elektryzowania powłok werniksów na zdolność
    trwałego utrzymywania zabrudzeń
    wpływ elektryzowania na zdolność brudzenia próbek werniksów
    zależność między warunkami klimatycznymi a skłonnością do osiadania kurzu na powierzchni obrazów pokrytych współczesnymi werniksami
    im niższa wilgotność względna i wyższa temperatura otoczenia, tym szybciej następuje brudzenie werniksów
    przyspieszone brudzenie werniksów z żywic sztucznych spowodowane zjawiskami elektrostatycznymi
    przyciąganie cząsteczek węgla aktywnego przez próbki werniksów przed i po ich naelektryzowaniu
    badanie własności elektrostatycznych werniksów
    przebieg elektryzowania i samorozładowania werniksu Van Gog
    własności fizykochemiczne preparatów antyelektrostatycznych
    wpływ preparatów antyelektrostatycznych na zabrudzenie werniksów
    Opis:
    The article is a summary of the work published in academic books of the Copernicus University in Toruń. Basing on th e observations and experience the authors put forward a hypothesis th a t the main reason of a rapid soiling of varnishes from synthetic resins is their proneness to produce and acculmulate electrostatic charge. It has been proved experimentally th a t th a t is so; moreover, the factors determining th e level of the charge accumulated have been determined. F urthe r in the work the authors made an attempt to employ industrial methods of the elimination of eelectrostatic charge for conservation purposes. After selecting a method of antielectrostatic preparation and establishing the criterious which should be met by preparations seven substances have been chosen. Then, the effectiveness of th e ir electrostatic activity has been checked on films of th ree varnishes th a t are used most frequently as conservation varnishes. The analysis of the results obtained in individual stages of work made it possible to state th a t the original and most important cause of the soiling of varnishes is th e ir electrostatic charging th a t in practice takes place even under th e effect of thermogravitational movements of the air. The dirt re maining on the surface of the warnish stays glued into it because of low melting temperatures of substances used to make varnishes. It is difficult for conservators alone to eliminate this great disadvantage of synthetic varnishes. Their manufactures must also work on this problem and it is from them th a t one should expect works on the possibilities of modifying electrostatic resins already at the stage of their polymerization. If this problem is not solved th a n it will be necessary once again to ask about profits and losses and thus about a justification for the use of varnishes from synthetic resins in conservation.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 1982, 1-2; 103-111
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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