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Tytuł:
Economic effectiveness of quality activities – the essence and conditionings of measurement
Autorzy:
Roszkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
quality
costs of quality
quality activities
economic efficiency
activity based costing
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to discuss the concept of the efficiency of quality activities, its measurement conditionings and to verify the selected solutions in the context of a production company’s business practice. The research presented in the paper required a review of the subject literature, and the proposed solutions are identified on the basis of empirical data from the analyzed enterprise. The obtained results prove that it is possible to use both the indicator analysis and the assumptions of the model of Activity Based Costing (ABC) for evaluation of the economic efficiency of quality activities. The solutions presented in the paper may be used in practice by production companies which attach relatively high importance to the quality of the goods they manufacture.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 241-263
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modele koordynacji lokalnych usług publicznych w kontekście ekonomii kosztów transakcyjnych
Local public service provision models in the context of the transaction costs economics
Autorzy:
Roszkowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
local government
transaction costs
local public services
local public service provision models
municipal services
samorząd terytorialny
koszty transakcyjne
lokalne usługi publiczne
modele koordynacji lokalnych usług publicznych
usługi komunalne
Opis:
The theoretical purpose of the study is to discuss both the category of transaction costs and models for the coordination of local public services, with a particular emphasis put on municipal services. The application purpose is to indicate the possibility of using postulates of the transaction costs economics to make decisions related to the economic make or buy dilemma in the area of choice between the market, hierarchy and hybrid. The article analyses the selected literature in the field of new institutional economics and public finance. Literature studies and the analysis of the results of academic research conducted in the United States and selected European countries have shown that the assumptions of the transaction costs economics can be the basis for making efficient decisions regarding the selection of models for the coordination of local public services.
Celem teoretycznym opracowania jest omówienie zarówno kategorii kosztów transakcyjnych, jak i modeli koordynacji lokalnych usług  publicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem usług komunalnych. Natomiast celem aplikacyjnym jest wskazanie możliwości wykorzystania postulatów ekonomii kosztów transakcyjnych przy podejmowaniu decyzji wiążących się z dylematem ekonomicznym „zrób lub kup” (make or buy) w obszarze wyboru rynku, hierarchii lub hybrydy. W artykule dokonano analizy wybranych publikacji z zakresu nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej i finansów publicznych. Analiza literatury oraz wyników badań naukowych przeprowadzonych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, a także w wybranych krajach Europy wykazała, że założenia ekonomii kosztów transakcyjnych mogą stanowić podstawę do podejmowania racjonalnych decyzji w zakresie wyboru modeli koordynacji lokalnych usług publicznych.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2019, 1 (37); 43-76
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Macroprudential policy instruments and procyclicality of loan-loss provisions – cross-country evidence
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
macroprudential policy
loan-loss provisions
business cycle
procyclicality
Opis:
We analyze the effectiveness of various macroprudential policy instruments in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions (LLPs) using individual bank information from over 65 countries and applying the two-step GMM Blundell-Bond (1998) approach with robust standard errors. Our research identifies several new facts. Firstly, borrower restrictions are definitely more effective in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions than other macroprudential policy instruments. This effect is supported in both unconsolidated and consolidated data and is robust to several robustness checks. Secondly, dynamic provisions, large exposure concentration limits and taxes on specific assets are effective in reducing the procyclicality of loan-loss provisions. And finally, we find that both loan-to-value caps and debt-to-income ratios, are especially effective in reducing the procyclicality of LLP of large banks. Off-balance-sheet restrictions, concentration limits and taxes are also effective in reducing the procyclicality of LLP of large banks. Dynamic provisions reduce the procyclicality of LLP independently of bank size.
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2016, WPS 4/2016; 1-52
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL RATIO ON LENDING OF EU BANKS – THE ROLE OF BANK SPECIALIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
loan supply
capital ratio
procyclicality
Opis:
In this paper we aim to find out whether bank specialization and bank capitalization affect the relationship between loans growth and capital ratio, both in expansions and in contractions. We hypothesize that the impact of bank capital on lending is relatively strong in cooperative banks and savings banks. We also expect that this effect is nonlinear, and is stronger in “low” capital banks than in “high” capital banks. In order to test our hypotheses, we apply the two-step GMM robust estimator for data spanning the years 1996–2011 on individual banks available in the Bankscope database. Our analysis shows that lending of poorly capitalized banks is more affected by capital ratio than lending of well-capitalized banks. Loans growth of cooperative and savings banks is more capital constrained that lending of commercial banks. Capital matters for the lending activity in contractions only in the case of savings and “low” capital banks.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 1; 43-59
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Financial Sector Structure and Development Matter for the Effect of Bank Capital on Lending in Large EU Banks?
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
loan supply, capital ratio, financial sector structure, financial sectordevelopment, procyclicality
Opis:
The paper aims at finding out what is the impact of bank capital ratios on loansupply in the EU and what factors explain the potential diversity of this impact.Applying the Blundell and Bond (1998) two step GMM estimator, we find that in thefull sample of large banks the role of capital ratio on loan growth in contractionsis relatively weak. However, if we take into account the differences in financial sector structure and development between EU countries, we find that the effectof capital ratio on lending is positive and statistically significant. Therefore, ourresults suggest that capital ratios are an important determinant of lending in thelarge EU banks in those countries where financial sector is more dominated bystock markets of is better developed. Thus, our results provide support for theview that more financially developed economies are prone to greater procyclicalimpact of capital ratios on lending of banks.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 167-180
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Microprudential Regulations and Supervision Affect the Link Between Lending and Capital Ratio in Economic Downturns of Large Banks in the EU?
Czy regulacje i nadzór mikroostrożnościowy wpływają na związek między aktywnością kredytową a wskaźnikiem kapitałowym w dużych bankach w UE?
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
loan supply
bank capital
bank regulations
podaż kredytu
kapitał banku
regulacje bankowe
Opis:
This paper extends the literature on the capital crunch effect by examining the role of public policy for the link between lending and capital in a sample of large banks operating in the European Union during economic downturns. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two-step robust GMM estimator, we show that restrictions on bank activities and more stringent capital standards weaken the capital crunch effect, consistent with reduced risk-taking and boosted bank charter values. Official supervision also reduces the impact of capital ratio on lending in downturns; however, its effect is only marginally significant in the sample of unconsolidated banks. Private oversight seems to be related to thin capital buffers in expansions, and therefore the capital crunch effect is enhanced in countries with increased market discipline. We thus provide evidence that neither regulations nor supervision at the microprudential level is neutral from a financial stability perspective. Weak regulations and supervision seem to increase the pro-cyclical effect of capital on bank lending.
Artykuł poszerza dotychczasowe badania nad związkiem między ograniczającym wpływem wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury poprzez analizy znaczenia polityki regulacyjnej państwa dla związku między aktywnością kredytową a wskaźnikiem kapitałowym dużych banków prowadzących działalność w Unii Europejskiej. W badaniu zastosowano estymator odporny dwuetapowy Blundella i Bonda (1998) i zidentyfikowano, że ograniczenie skali czynności wykonywa nych przez banki oraz bardziej restrykcyjne standardy kapitałowe osłabiają negatywny wpływ wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury, co jest spójne z koncepcją, że w krajach o restrykcyjnych regulacjach banki podejmują niższe ryzyko oraz cechują się wyższymi buforami kapitałowymi. Oficjalny nadzór bankowy również ogranicza wpływ wskaźnika kapitałowego, ale jego siła oddziaływania jest jedynie marginalnie istotna statystycznie w populacji banków, które prezentują dane nieskonsolidowane. Prywatny nadzór rynkowy wydaje się nieskuteczny w ograniczaniu negatywnego wpływu wskaźnika kapitałowego na podaż kredytu bankowego w okresie dekoniunktury. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, że przynajmniej w pewnym zakresie restrykcyjne regulacje mikroostrożnościowe oraz nadzór mikroostrożnościowy są skuteczne w dążeniu do zapewnienia stabilności finansowej i ograniczenia procykliczności.
Źródło:
Problemy Zarządzania; 2017, 1/2017 (66), t.2; 11 - 36
1644-9584
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Macroprudential policy effect on the link between lending and capital ratio – the role of economic development and capital account openness
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk o Finansach PAN
Tematy:
loan supply
capital ratio
procyclicality
macroprudential policy
Opis:
In this paper we ask about the role of macroprudential policies to affect the link between lending and capital ratio in countries differing in economic development and capital account openness. To resolve this problem we apply the GMM 2-step Blundell and Bond approach to a sample covering over 60 countries. Our results show that the effect of macroprudential policies on the association between lending and the capital ratio in non-crisis periods is stronger in advanced countries than in emerging countries. Differentiating by the level of capital account openness, we find that macroprudential policies are more effective in increasing the resilience of banks and thus weakening the association between loan supply and capital ratio for relatively closed economies but less effective for relatively open economies. Generally, with our study we are able to support the view that macroprudential policy has the potential to curb the procyclical impact of bank capital on lending.
Źródło:
FINANSE Czasopismo Komitetu Nauk o Finansach PAN; 2017, 1(10); 315-329
1899-4822
Pojawia się w:
FINANSE Czasopismo Komitetu Nauk o Finansach PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do macroprudential policy instruments affect the link between lending and capital ratio? – cross-country evidence
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
loan supply
capital ratio
procyclicality
macroprudential policy
Opis:
In this paper we ask about the capacity of macroprudential policies to reduce the positive association between loans growth and the capital ratio. We focus on aggregated macroprudential policy measures and on individual instruments and test whether their effect on the association between lending and capital depends on bank size, the economic development of a country as well as on the extent of capital account openness. Applying the GMM 2-step Blundell and Bond approach to a sample covering over 60 countries, we find that macroprudential policy instruments reduce the impact of capital on bank lending during both crisis and non-crisis times. This result is stronger in large banks than in other banks. Of individual macroprudential instruments, only borrower-targeted LTV caps and DTI ratio weaken the association between lending and capital. Our results also show that the effect of macroprudential policies on the association between lending and the capital ratio in non-crisis periods is stronger in advanced countries than in emerging countries. Additionally, differentiating by the level of capital account openness, we find that macroprudential policies are more effective in increasing the resilience of banks and thus weakening the association between loan supply and capital ratio for relatively closed economies but less effective for relatively open economies. Generally, with our study we are able to support the view that macroprudential policy has the potential to curb the procyclical impact of bank capital on lending and therefore, the introduction of more restrictive international capital standards included in Basel III and of macroprudential policies are fully justified.
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2016, WPS 2/2016; 1-50
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of capital on lending in publicly-traded and privately- held banks in the EU
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Kowalska, Iwona
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
loan supply
capital ratio
procyclicality
accounting conservatism privately-held and publicly-traded banks
Opis:
This paper extends the literature on the link between lending and capital by examining the role of equity ownership structure for this link in banks operating in the European Union. As theory predicts, publiclytraded banks are more prone to heightened agency problems (moral hazard and adverse selection) due to dispersed ownership and therefore have stronger incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking especially in economic expansions. This may bring about procyclical lending effect in economic downturns. Theory also predicts that these banks are also more affected by capital market frictions in economic downturns. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two step robust GMM estimator we predict and find that the link between lending and capital in economic downturns is stronger in publicly-traded banks than in privately- held banks, which may be a result of greater conditional accounting conservatism of publicly-traded banks. Additionally, the link between lending and capital during expansions is stronger in the case of privately- held banks reporting unconsolidated data, but not for banks reporting consolidated financial reports, consistent with the view that limited access to capital markets increases the cost of external finance of private banks. Finally, we find empirical support for the view that lending of privately- held banks is not constrained by capital ratio in economic downturns. Our results stress the importance of conditional conservatism for the effectiveness macroprudential policy, in particular countercyclical capital buffers.
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 7/2015; 1-25
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of capital on lending in economic downturns and investor protection – the case of large EU banks
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Kowalska, Iwona
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
capital ratio
lending
shareholders protection
creditor power
procyclicality
Opis:
This paper attempts to find out whether better quality of investor protection matters for the effect of capital ratio on loan growth of large EU banks in 1996-2011. We focus on several measures of the quality of investor protection with a proven track record in the banking literature, i.e.: anti-self-dealing index, ex-antecontrol and ex-post-control of anti-self-dealing indices, and creditor protection rights index. Our results show that better investor protection increases the procyclical impact of capital on lending in the sample of banks reporting unconsolidated data. This is consistent with the view that better shareholders rights protection induces bank borrowers to take more loans and to engage in more risk-taking, in particular during economic booms, which results in greater sensitivity of bank lending to capital ratios in economic downturns. The opposite effect is found in the sample of banks reporting consolidated data. This effect is consistent with the view that better minority shareholders protection may reduce risk-taking incentives of large banks and result in better risk management of credit portfolio (and other investments of such banks).
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 6/2015; 1-33
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zespół niespecyficznych objawów chorobowych po kontakcie z toksycznymi sinicami – opis przypadku
Syndrome of unspecific symptoms after an exposure to toxic cyanobacteria – case presentation
Autorzy:
Kisiel, Agnieszka
Pańczyk-Tomaszewska, Małgorzata
Roszkowska-Blaim, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Medical Communications
Tematy:
children
cyanobacteria
cyanotoxins
fever
intoxication
sinice
cyjanotoksyny
zatrucie
gorączka
dzieci
Opis:
Environmental pollution results in increasing frequency of cyanobacteria blooms occurrence in water reservoirs. Many genera of cyanobacteria may produce toxins which are dangerous for animal and human health. Intoxication may be a result of drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated fish or seafood but also due to skin exposure in recreational water during cyanobacteria bloom. Signs and symptoms of intoxication are unspecific and vary from less serious like skin irritation to death. Accept from confirmation of having contact with contaminated water or food there are no diagnostic tests available. In Poland cyanobacteria blooms occur especially during heat waves. Bellow we present a case of a girl who suffered from an unspecific syndrome after returning from holidays at The Baltic Sea during cyanobacteria bloom occurrence. Few days after swimming in the sea she presented feeling unwell, with fever, skin irritation, visual disturbances, joint pain, slightly elevated inflammatory indicators and proteinuria. On the basis of clinical presentation and results of additional tests we excluded respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infection. Signs and symptoms disappeared spontaneously within few days of observation. The fact that cyanobacteria bloom occurrence is increasing over the last few years indicates that cyanobacteria intoxication should be taken under consideration while diagnosing unspecific syndrome in children coming back from holidays at the seaside.
Z uwagi na rosnące zanieczyszczenie środowiska coraz częściej dochodzi do zakwitu sinic w wodach rekreacyjnych. Wiele gatunków sinic może produkować szkodliwe dla zdrowia zwierząt i ludzi cyjanotoksyny. Do zatrucia może dojść na skutek spożycia skażonej wody, ryb lub owoców morza, ale także poprzez bezpośredni kontakt skóry z wodą, w której doszło do zakwitu sinic. Objawy intoksykacji są niespecyficzne, od mniej groźnych, takich jak podrażnienie skóry, do poważnego zagrożenia życia, ze zgonem włącznie. Oprócz udowodnienia kontaktu ze skażoną wodą lub pożywieniem brak jest metod diagnostycznych potwierdzających zatrucie. W Polsce do zakwitu sinic dochodzi przede wszystkim podczas letnich upałów. Poniżej przedstawiamy przypadek dziewczynki, u której wystąpił zespół niespecyficznych objawów chorobowych po powrocie znad Morza Bałtyckiego w okresie zakwitu sinic. W kilka dni po kąpieli w morzu u dziewczynki obserwowano gorsze samopoczucie, gorączkę, podrażnienie skóry, zaburzenia widzenia, bóle stawów łokciowych, nieznaczne podwyższenie wskaźników stanu zapalnego oraz białkomocz. Na podstawie obrazu klinicznego oraz wyników badań dodatkowych wykluczono infekcje dróg oddechowych, nieżyt żołądkowo-jelitowy oraz zakażenie układu moczowego. Objawy choroby ustąpiły samoistnie w ciągu kilkudniowej obserwacji. Wobec narastającego w ostatnich latach problemu zakwitu sinic w zbiornikach wodnych intoksykację cyjanotoksynami należy rozważyć jako potencjalną przyczynę niespecyficznych objawów chorobowych u dzieci powracających znad morza lub jeziora w okresie letnich upałów.
Źródło:
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna; 2013, 9, 2; 193-196
1734-1531
2451-0742
Pojawia się w:
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of capital on bank lending in large EU banks – the role of procyclicality, income smoothing, regulations and supervision.
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
loan supply
capital crunch
procyclicality of loan loss provisions
income smoothing
bank regulation
bank supervision
Opis:
This paper aims to find out what the impact is of bank capital ratios on loan supply in the EU and what factors explain the potential diversity of this impact. Applying the Blundell and Bond (1998) two step GMM estimator, we show that, in the EU context, the role of capital ratio for loan growth is stronger than previous literature has found for other countries. Our study sheds some light on whether procyclicality of loan loss provisions and income smoothing with loan loss provisions contribute to procyclical impact of capital ratio on loan growth. We document that loan growth of banks that have more procyclical loan loss provisions and that engage less in income smoothing is more sensitive to capital ratios. This sensitivity is slightly increased in this sample of banks during contractions. Moreover, more restrictive regulations and more stringent official supervision reduce the magnitude of the effect of capital ratio on bank lending. Taken together, our results suggest that capital ratios are an important determinant of lending in large EU banks.
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2014, WPS 5/2014; 1-41
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Capital on Lending in Economic Downturns and Investor Protection - the Case of Large EU Banks
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Kowalska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
capital ratio
lending
investor protection
creditor protection
largebanks
Opis:
This paper attempts to find out whether better quality of investor protection matters for the effect of capital ratio on loan growth of large EU banks in 1996- 2011. We focus on several measures of the quality of investor protection with a proven track record in the banking literature, i.e.: anti-self-dealing index, ex-ante-control and ex-post-control of anti-self-dealing indices, and creditor protection rights index. Our results show that better investor protection decreases the procyclical impact of capital on lending. This effect is statistically significant for the ex-post-control index. This is consistent with the view that better shareholders rights reduces bank risk-taking, in particular during economic booms, which results in weakened sensitivity of bank lending to capital ratios in economic downturns. This effect holds for both unconsolidated and consolidated data and is robust to sensitivity checks
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2018, 2; 133-167
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do regulations and supervision shape the capital crunch effect of large banks in the EU?
Autorzy:
Olszak, Małgorzata
Pipień, Mateusz
Kowalska, Iwona
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
capital ratio
lending, capital crunch
regulations
supervision
procyclicality
Opis:
This paper extends the literature on the capital crunch effect by examining the role of public policy for the link between lending and capital in a sample of large banks operating in the European Union. Applying Blundell and Bond (1998) two-step robust GMM estimator we show that restrictions on bank activities and more stringent capital standards weaken the capital crunch effect, consistent with reduced risk taking and boosted bank charter values. Official supervision also reduces the impact of capital ratio on lending in downturns. Private oversight seems to be related to thin capital buffers in expansions, and therefore the capital crunch effect is enhanced in countries with increased market discipline. We thus provide evidence that neither regulations nor supervision at the microprudential level is neutral from a financial stability perspective. Weak regulations and supervision seem to increase the pro-cyclical effect of capital on bank lending.
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2015, WPS 3/2015; 1-27
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sjögrens syndrome - diagnosis and contemporary therapeutic possibilities
Autorzy:
Cwalina, Oliwia
Pandey, Ada
Prokop, Dominika
Czarnacka, Kinga
Gawlak, Małgorzata
Kuźlik, Bartosz
Guzek, Katarzyna
Alsoubie, Ismael
Chmura-Hołyst, Alicja
Roszkowska, Anna
Pawlicka, Ilona
Piskorz, Agnieszka
Kozak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Medical Education
Tematy:
Sjögren's syndrome
dry eye syndrome
therapeutic options
Opis:
Dry eye syndrome is a group of medical conditions that can be caused by many factors, as a result of which there is an abnormality in moisturizing of the eye surface by a tear film. One of the causes of this disorder is Sjögren’s syndrome, which is an autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies against its own proteins. The glands of external secretion, mainly lacrimal and salivary glands are damaged as a result of inflammation. Associated with this side effects, affect negatively and reduce the quality of life, which is why in the following article we present the available therapeutic options for patients suffering from ophthalmological manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome.
Źródło:
OphthaTherapy; 2023, 10, 2; 110-115
2353-7175
2543-9987
Pojawia się w:
OphthaTherapy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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