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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics and applications of iron oxide reduction processes
    Autorzy:
    Halim, K.S. Abdel
    El-Geassy, A .A.
    Nasr, M. I.
    Ramadan, Mohamed
    Fathy, Naglaa
    Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaziz S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315666.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    ironmaking
    iron oxides
    reduction
    extractive metallurgy
    green hydrogen
    Opis:
    The present review handles the main characteristics of iron oxide reduction and its industrial applications. The reduction of iron oxide is the basis of all ironmaking processes, whether in a blast furnace or by direct reduction and/or direct smelting processes. The reduction characteristics of iron ores control the efficiency of any ironmaking process and the quality of the produced iron as well. Many controlling parameters should be considered when discussing the reducibility of iron ores such as equilibrium phase diagrams, reduction temperature, pressure, gas composition, and the nature of both iron ores and reducing agent. The different factors affecting the main routes of ironmaking will be highlighted in the present review to give a clear picture of each technology. Moreover, further innovations regarding the reduction of iron oxides such as the reduction by green hydrogen will be discussed.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2023, 25, 4; 81--92
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Field and modelling study for deficit irrigation strategy on roots volume and water productivity of wheat
    Autorzy:
    Abdelraouf, Ramadan E.
    El-Shawadfy, Mohamed A.
    Dewedar, Osama M.
    Hozayn, Mahmoud
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844310.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    irrigation
    roots volume
    SALTMED model
    soil moisture
    water productivity
    wheat
    Opis:
    In many regions of the world, including Egypt, water shortages threaten food production. An irrigation deficient strategy in dry areas has been widely investigated as a valuable and sustainable approach to production. In this study, the dry matter and grain yield of wheat was decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water as well as the volume of the root system. As a result of this, there was an increase the soil moisture stress. This negatively affected the absorption of water and nutrients in the root zone of wheat plants, which ultimately had an effect on the dry matter and grain yield of wheat. The values of dry matter and grain yield of wheat increased with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class. It is possible that this was due to the increase in the genetic characteristic of the root size with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class, as this increase led to the absorption of water and nutrients from a larger volume of root spread. Despite being able to increase the water productivity of wheat by decreasing the amount of added irrigation water, the two highest grain yield values were achieved when adding 100% and 80% of irrigation requirements (IR) needed to irrigate the wheat and no significant differences between the yield values at 100% and 80% of IR were found. Therefore, in accordance with this study, the recommended irrigation for wheat is at 80% IR which will provide 20% IR. When comparing the water productivity of two wheat varieties in study, it becomes clear that ʻSakha 94ʼ was superior to ʻSakha 93ʼ when adding the same amount of irrigation water, and this resulted in increased wheat productivity for ʻSakha 94ʼ. The SALTMED results confirmed good accuracy (R2: 0.92 to 0.98) in simulating soil moisture, roots volume, water application efficiency, dry matter, and grain yield for two varieties of wheat under deficit irrigation conditions. Whilst using sprinkler irrigation system under sandy soils in Egypt.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 49; 129-138
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A combined hydrocyclone - electrocoagulation treatment for different types of industrial wastewater
    Autorzy:
    Farghaly, Mohamed G.
    Attia, H.
    Saleh, H. A.
    Ramadan, A. M.
    Abdel Khalek, M.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1448028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    hydrocyclone
    electrocoagulation
    paper industry
    iron industry
    marble industry
    granite industry
    Opis:
    Every year, a large amount of mineral processing wastewater is discharged from various industries into the environment which is considered a challenging task not only because of its large volume, but more importantly, its hazardous components, while its reuse as feedwater without proper treatments causes great harm to the final product of these industries. Cost-effective methods are required to treat a wide range of industrial wastewater in a diverse range of conditions. In this study, a combined hydrocyclone-electrocoagulation system is tried to treat the wastewater for industries with high water consumption and high pollutants such as paper industry, iron and metal forming industry, and marble industry. The effects of the hydrocyclone operational parameters, such as feed inlet pressure and diameter, vortex finder diameter, apex diameter, and feed solids content, were investigated. In the case, wastewater of paper industry, the following optimum conditions $(P = 4.5$ bar, $D_o = 15.8 mm, D_u = 6 mm, D_i = 4 mm and c_s = 2.3%)$ were achieved. An overflow of about 90.58% water recovery and 21.45% solid at 75.92% separation efficiency was obtained. The results showed that the hydrocycloneelectrocoagulation treatment has efficiently treated the three different types of industrial wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total solid (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), colour and turbidity, were reduced sharply and met the effluent discharge or reuse standards. Also, compared with the hydrocyclone-treated wastewater, the hydrocyloneelectrocoagulation-treated wastewater was found to be more enhanced.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2021, 57, 2; 143-155
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Electronic noses for monitoring benzene occupational exposure in biological samples of Egyptian workers
    Autorzy:
    Mohamed, Ehab I.
    Khalil, Gihane I.
    Abdel-Mageed, Samir M.
    Bayoumi, Amani M.
    Ramadan, Heba S.
    Kotb, Metwally A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179801.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    phenol
    muconic acid
    exhaled air
    blood
    urine
    principal component analysis
    Opis:
    Objectives: Benzene is commonly emitted in several industries, leading to widespread environmental and occupational exposure hazards. While less toxic solvents have been substituted for benzene, it is still a component of petroleum products and is a trace impurity in industrial products resulting in continued higher occupational exposures in industrial settings in developing countries. Materials and Methods: We investigated the potential use of an electronic nose (e-nose) to monitor the headspace volatiles in biological samples from benzene-exposed Egyptian workers and non-exposed controls. The study population comprised 150 non-smoking male workers exposed to benzene and an equal number of matching non-exposed controls. We determined biomarkers of benzene used to estimate exposure and risk including: benzene in exhaled air and blood; and its urinary metabolites such as phenol and muconic acid using gas chromatography technique and a portable e-nose. Results: The average benzene concentration measured in the ambient air of the workplace of all studied industrial settings in Alexandria, Egypt; was 97.56±88.12 μg/m³ (range: 4.69–260.86 μg/m³). Levels of phenol and muconic acid were signifi cantly (p < 0.001) higher in both blood and urine of benzene-exposed workers as compared to non-exposed controls. Conclusions: The e-nose technology has successfully classifi ed and distinguished benzene-exposed workers from non-exposed controls for all measured samples of blood, urine and the exhaled air with a very high degree of precision. Thus, it will be a very useful tool for the low-cost mass screening and early detection of health hazards associated with the exposure to benzene in the industry.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 1; 165-172
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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