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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    The impact of environmental, social and corporate governance responsibility on the cost of short- and long-term debt
    Autorzy:
    Ratajczak, Piotr
    Mikołajewicz, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837750.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    CSR
    ESG
    sustainability
    cost of debt
    short-term debt
    long-term debt
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) responsibility on the short- and long-term cost of debt. Linear regression was applied to a unique dataset on CSR and cost of debt for 300 companies recognized in 2017 by Corporate Knights as the most sustainable companies in the world. The question about the link between CSR and cost of debt is important as there is still ongoing debate as to whether business should undertake activities in the field of CSR—managers and other stakeholders are still unsure of the outcomes. The findings show that the involvement in environmental issues decreases the cost of long-term debt whereas the involvement in social issues brings benefits to short- and long-term debt. Surprisingly the greater the involvement in corporate governance, the higher the cost of debt in all time horizons. Managers should expect a lower cost of debt from environmental and social activities mostly in the long run. Corporate governance expenditures may in turn be seen as a waste of company resources, cost of forgone opportunities, or—optionally—as an over-investment. The main novelty is the breakdown of CSR into three dimensions while examining various term structures of corporate debt.
    Źródło:
    Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 2; 74-96
    2392-1641
    Pojawia się w:
    Economics and Business Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Relation between CSR and Innovation. Model Approach
    Autorzy:
    Szutowski, Dawid
    Ratajczak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/474968.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
    Tematy:
    innovation
    corporate social responsibility
    CSR
    innowacja
    społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu
    Opis:
    The paper attempts to fulfil the research gap concerning the mutual relation between company innovation and its corporate social responsibility practices, by determining the conditions in which the innovation/CSR relation appears and develops. The research was based on systematic literature studies performed using SALSA and backwards-snowballing methods. The data was examined with the use of the meta-synthesis approach. The authors’ model explaining the studied relation was proposed. The research suggested that the impact of innovation on the CSR practices depended on the type of innovation and degree of novelty involved; while the way CSR affected innovation depended on such CSR features as: type of reaction, degree of development, and field of activity. The relation was also moderated by a series of six exogenous factors: external factors, industry, company characteristics, attitude, performance, and R&D.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2016, 12, 2; 77-94
    2299-7075
    2299-7326
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Efficiency of Eco-Innovation. Systematic Literature Studies
    Efektywność ekoinnowacji. Systematyczne studia literaturowe
    Autorzy:
    SZUTOWSKI, Dawid
    SZULCZEWSKA-REMI, Aleksandra
    RATAJCZAK, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/435099.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Tematy:
    eco-innovation
    efficiency
    ekoinnowacja
    efektywność
    Opis:
    Purpose: Eco-innovation appears to be at the very heart of the European Union policy. It is of crucial importance for both single companies and the whole economic systems. At the same time eco-innovation is driven by the countless factors. Thus the purpose of the present research was to indicate the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation. Design/methodology/approach: The research relied on the systematic literature studies performed with the use of SALSA (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, Analysis) method. It focused on the papers published between January 2000 and June 2016. A total of 469 publications were examined selected form Scopus database. The precise appraisal procedure allowed indicating the ones including the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation. Findings: The studies of literature allowed indicating a total of 24 determinants. Moreover the results indicate that the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation may be divided based on two criteria. The first includes costs-related and revenues-related determinants. The second includes strategic and operational levels. Research limitations/implications Together eleven publications were omitted in the research due to their incompletion or inaccessibility. Practical implications: Stimulating eco-innovation seems vital for all companies. Delivering a comprehensive set of the determinants of its efficiency will support executives in managing eco-innovation. Originality/value: The paper attempts to fulfil the research gap concerning the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation.
    Cel badań Ekoinnowacje leżą w samym sercu polityki Unii Europejskiej, co jest szczególnie istotne zarówno dla pojedynczych spółek jak i całych systemów ekonomicznych. Jednocześnie, ekoinnowacje zależą od niezliczonej liczby czynników, stąd też celem podjętych badań było wskazanie determinant warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji. Metodologia badań Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o systematyczny przegląd literatury z wykorzystaniem metody SALSA (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, Analysis). Skoncentrowano się na artykułach opublikowanych między styczniem 2000 a czerwcem 2016 roku, łącznie przeanalizowano 469 publikacji korzystając z bazy danych Scopus. Szczegółowe badania pozwoliły na określenie tych, które dotyczyły czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji. Wyniki badań Studia literaturowe wskazały 24 determinant. Ponadto, wyniki badań pozwoliły na dokonanie podziału czynników określających efektywność ekoinnowacji według dwóch następujących kryteriów: zależnych od kosztów i przychodów, oraz na poziomie operacyjnym i strategicznym. Ograniczenia badań Łącznie 11 publikacji zostało pominiętych w badaniu z uwagi na ich niekompletność lub niedostępność. Zastosowanie praktyczne przeprowadzonych badań Stymulowanie ekoinnowacji ma szczególne znaczenie dla wszystkich przedsiębiorstw. Zestawienie czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji może wspierać kierownictwo w ich zarządzaniu. Oryginalność/znaczenie przeprowadzonych badań Praca wypełnia lukę badawczą w zakresie czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji.
    Źródło:
    Economic and Environmental Studies; 2017, 17, 42; 205-219
    1642-2597
    2081-8319
    Pojawia się w:
    Economic and Environmental Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of olanzapine and aripiprazole on spatial memory of female rats exposed to stress in the perinatal period
    Autorzy:
    Kus, Krzysztof
    Ratajczak, Piotr
    Zaprutko, Tomasz
    Kopciuch, Dorota
    Paczkowska, Anna
    Nowakowska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-30
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
    Tematy:
    olanzapine
    aripiprazole
    Prenatal stress
    female rats
    variation in sexes
    Opis:
    Cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, are instrumental in improving the patient’s quality of life. Commonly used antipsychotic drugs are also useful in depression treatment, and have a positive effect on spatial memory dysfunction caused by schizophrenia. Olanzapine (OLA) and aripiprazole (ARI) are known to have substantially different pharmacokinetics depending on sex, thus their therapeutic efficacy and dose of treatment may be different for males and females. The aim of the study was to assess whether dysfunction of spatial memory (Morris Water Maze - MWM) and locomotor activity (LA) improve in prenatally stressed rats (animal model of schizophrenia (AMS)) by OLA and ARI. OLA (0.5 mg/kg ip) and ARI (1.5 mg/kg ip) were administered to female Wistar rats (non-stressed control group (NSCG) and PSG). Single administration of ARI and OLA in the NSCG yielded no differences in spatial memory compared to the control group (C-NSCG), while OLA improved memory after 7 days of treatment compared to the C-NSCG. In the prenatally stressed group (PSG), an impairment of spatial memory by the drug was observed (vs. C-NSCG) after long-term treatment. Only chronic administration of ARI and OLA (PSG) improved spatial memory in female rats. Conclusion: Stress causes memory dysfunction in female rats. Chronic administration of ARI and OLA reverses this effect which can probably be associated with the mechanism of action of the drugs used (ARI/OLA). ARI acts as an agonist or antagonist mainly on D2 and 5-HT2A receptors, while OLA induces antagonist effects for these receptors.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 5; 885-893
    0001-6837
    2353-5288
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE PRESCRIPTION TO OVER-THE-COUNTER SWITCHES AND DOUBLE REGISTRATION OF MEDICINES - THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHARMACISTS FROM THE GREATER POLAND.
    Autorzy:
    Zaprutko, Tomasz
    Kopciuch, Dorota
    Ratajczak, Piotr
    Paczkowska, Anna
    Adamczak, Olga
    Kus, Krzysztof
    Nowakowska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895258.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-30
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
    Tematy:
    pharmaceutical market
    pharmacies
    Rx-to-OTC switches
    double registration
    Opis:
    The prescription to over-the-counter switch is a global occurrence. However, the switch phenomenon might be considered controversial. Nevertheless, the further development of switches seems to be inevitable, thus we collected pharmacists’ opinions about Rx-to-OTC switches including double registration of medicines. The study was conducted in pharmacies from the Greater Poland, using an anonymous questionnaire, which was delivered by direct contact. Finally, answers from 232 pharmacies were included in the study. Moreover, we analyzed data from 5500 Polish pharmacies, concerning the turnover of selected and doubly registered medicines. Rx-to-OTC switches were negatively evaluated by the majority (81.5%) of respondents. “Furaginum” was the most frequently chosen (60.8%) substance, which according to obtained answers should be available only on prescription. Study participants claimed that the most important drawback (chosen by 44.4% participants) of the double registration of medicines is the development of uncontrolled self-medication. Data obtained from a market research company revealed that the Rx-to-OTC switch may lead to the market share growth of OTC class (e.g. “furaginum”), but it is not the rule (e.g. “omeprazole/pantoprazole”). Although Rx-to-OTC switches are considered somewhat controversial, the switch, as well as double registration phenomenon, seems to be a subject of further development. However, in pharmacists opinion substances like “furaginum” should be available as an Rx-only brand instead of double registered medicine. In the case of Rx-to-OTC switches, additional information about possible side effects and/or interactions should be provided to the patients who might inappropriately use medicines.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research; 2019, 76, 5; 907-912
    0001-6837
    2353-5288
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola czynników psychologicznych w patogenezie zaburzeń głosu spowodowanych guzkami głosowymi
    Autorzy:
    Ratajczak, Jan
    Grzywacz, Krzysztof
    Wojdas, Andrzej
    Rapiejko, Piotr
    Jurkiewicz, Dariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398749.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Index Copernicus International
    Tematy:
    zaburzenia głosu
    chrypka
    struny głosowe
    temperament
    osobowość
    Opis:
    Introduction. Hoarseness is most frequent complaint notified by ill in phoniatric outpatient clinics. Looking of causes notified of disturbances of voice often we ascertain in larynx existence of vocal nodules. Changes these come into being in consequence of excessive or irregular phonations. Single incident of disturbances of voice caused with oedema changes nascent of in consequence of inappropriate work with voice does not wake of our trouble, instead returns this of type of complaint provoke to other researches coexisting of etiological factors this diseases. Aim. Estimation of influence of individual personality trait of ill on formation of vocal nodules. Material and methods. One examined 20 patients with vocal nodules classified to treatments operating and 20 without disturbances of voice. All patients were subjected to otolaryngological and stroboscopic examinations. Character created of voice one examined at help of scale GRBAS, instead influence of disturbances of voice on quality of life ill at help of test VHI. Psychological examinations one executed using questionnaire State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory( STAI), questionnaire NEO-FFI and questionnaire of aggression Buss-Perry. Results. Obtained results showed, that persons with returning vocal nodules, both during of research as in different situations everyday lives characterizes with higher level of fear and have greater inclination to worry oneself. Ill from groups examined in greater degree are extroverts, show greater activity and more are contagious socially in comparison to persons of comparative group. Attitude this in situations extorting rivalry will be able to be ruthless, are well organized guided, scrupulous and consistently endeavour to aim. Conclusions. Wanting efficiently to treat persons with returning vocal nodules we should subject to ill psychological examination and in once of ascertainment of irregularity to correct it, what at simultaneous correct treatment of organic changes should diminish frequency or to eliminate returns of disease. Skill psychological looks on patient by therapists treating disturbances of voice and speeches in case not large emotional instabilities probably would be able to improve results of treatment ill not only with functional disturbances of voice but also with disturbances of voice caused with organic changes in larynx.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Otolaryngology; 2008, 62, 6; 758-763
    0030-6657
    2300-8423
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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