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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Contribution to Deoxidation of Austenitic Steels in a Vacuum Induction Furnace with Carbon
    Autorzy:
    Šenberger, J.
    Pernica, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vacuum induction furnace
    deoxidation
    carbon
    austenitic steel
    petrochemistry
    oxygen activity
    total oxygen
    próżniowy piec indukcyjny
    odtlenianie
    węgiel
    staliwo austenityczne
    petrochemia
    aktywność tlenu
    Opis:
    Deoxidation of steel with carbon under reduced pressure is often used for increasing the steel purity. Suitable units for this purpose in foundries are vacuum induction furnaces. Possibilities of increasing the steel purity by deoxidation with carbon in the vacuum induction furnace were studied for the steel for the petrochemistry of specific composition 25Cr/35Ni. The charge composed of the return material only was melted in the air. During melting the charge oxidized and the oxidizing slag formed. Chemical composition of steel, morphology, chemical composition of inclusions in the steel and chemical composition of slag after vacuuming were studied on the basis of samples taken before and after vacuuming. Temperature and oxygen activity were measured before and after vacuuming. Globular inclusions with dominant content of silicon and manganese were observed in steel before and after vacuuming. Contents of total oxygen in steel didn’t change significantly during vacuuming. On the basis of composition of inclusions and measured oxygen activity the activity of Cr2O3 in inclusions was calculated. A slag sample was taken after vacuuming and equilibrium oxygen activity in steel with regard to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was estimated from the slag composition. Equilibrium oxygen activity in relation to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was higher than equilibrium activity measured in the steel. For this reason it is not possible, under the studied conditions, to decrease oxygen content in steel during vacuuming.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 105-109
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Corrosion Resistance of Cast Duplex Steels
    Autorzy:
    Müller, Peter
    Pernica, V.
    Kaňa, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174617.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cast duplex steel
    pitting
    critical pitting temperature
    ferric chloride
    mechanical properties
    corrosion
    staliwo duplex
    korozja
    odporność na wżery
    temperatura krytyczna
    chlorek żelazowy
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The aim of this work is to investigate the resistance of cast duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steels to pitting corrosion with respect to the value of PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number). Pitting corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion of stainless steels. In most cases, it is caused by the penetration of aggressive anions through the protective passive layer of the steel, and after its disruption, it leads to subsurface propagation of corrosion. The motivation for the research was a severe pitting corrosion attack on the blades of the gypsum-calcium water mixer in a thermal power plant operation. In order to examine the corrosion resistance, 4 samples of 1.4517 steel with different concentrations of alloying elements (within the interval indicated by the steel grade) and thus with a different PREN value were cast. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by the ASTM G48 – 11 corrosion test in a 6% aqueous FeCl3 solution at room and elevated solution temperatures. To verify the possible effect of different alloying element concentrations on the mechanical properties, the research was supplemented by tensile and Charpy impact tests. Based on the results, it was found that a significant factor in the resistance of duplex steels to pitting corrosion is the temperature of the solution. For the components in operation, it is therefore necessary to take this effect into account and thoroughly control and manage the temperature of the environment in which the components operate.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2022, 22, 3; 5--10
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of Methods for Determining the Ferrite Content in Duplex Cast Steels
    Autorzy:
    Kaňa, V.
    Pernica, V.
    Zadera, A.
    Krutiš, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382804.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    duplex cast steel
    metallographic evaluation
    XRD
    ferritoscope
    badania nieniszczące
    staliwo
    metalografia
    ferryt
    zawartość ferrytu
    Opis:
    The paper is concerned with comparing the methods for determining the ferrite content in castings from duplex stainless steels. It uses Schaeffler diagram, empirical formula based calculation, image analysis of metallographic sample, X-ray diffraction and measurement with a feritscope. The influence of wall thickness of the casting on the ferrite content was tested too. The results of the experiments show that the casting thickness of 25 or 60 mm does not have a significant effect on the measured amount of ferrite. The image analysis of metallographic sample and the measurement with the feritscope appear to be the most suitable methods. On the contrary, predictive methods, such as Schaeffler diagram or empirical formula based calculation are only indicative and cannot replace the real measurements. X-ray diffraction seems to be the least suitable measuring method. Values of ferrite content measured in such a way often deviated from the values measured by image analysis and with feritscope.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 2; 85-90
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prediction of Ferrite Content in Austenitic Cr-Ni Steel Castings During Production
    Autorzy:
    Senberger, J.
    Pernica, V.
    Kana, V.
    Zadera, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    solidification
    metallography
    austenitic steel
    austenite
    ferrite
    DeLong diagram
    krzepnięcie
    metalografia
    stal austenityczna
    austenit
    ferryt
    diagram DeLong
    Opis:
    Determination of the ferrite content in austenitic steels, which solidified under defined conditions. Ferrite content in austenitic matrix was determined from samples with wall thickness of 60 mm. Measured ferrite contents served to propose the regression equations for the calculation of the ferrite content in steels with Cr content of 18 up to 22 % and Ni of 9 up to 11 %. An additional regression equation was proposed for steels with a higher Ni content. The proposed regression equations have been checked up on the operating melts. In conclusion, the ferrite content in the axis of the casting of wall thickness of 500 mm has been calculated and it was compared to the ferrite determined in the usual way from the cast-on test.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 91-94
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oxygen Activity in Melts of Fe-C-Cr-Ni Based Alloys
    Autorzy:
    Záděra, A.
    Dulava, M.
    Pernica, V.
    Kaňa, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    oxygen activity
    polycomponent solution
    thermodynamic equilibrium
    activity coefficient
    aktywność tlenu
    równowaga termodynamiczna
    współczynnik aktywności
    Opis:
    Oxygen is an element that is first purposely brought into the steel melt to remove some unwanted elements or to reduce their concentration (oxidation). In the made cast steel there is on the contrary necessary to reduce the oxygen content with the use of deoxidation to such a level in order to avoid a reaction with carbon with the formation of CO bubbles. Concentration of oxygen in steel before casting is given, in particular, by the manner of metallurgical processing and the used deoxidation process. Oxygen is found in molten steels both as chemically bound in the form of oxides and in the form of oxygen dissolved in the solution – the melt. Chemical composition of the melt strongly influences the activity of oxygen dissolved in the melt and further on the composition of oxidic inclusions forming in the melt during the reaction with oxygen. In the Fe-C-Cr-Ni based alloys in the reaction with oxygen greatly participates also chrome, whose products are often in solid state and they are the cause of forming such defects as e.g. oxidic films.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 181-186
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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